指(趾)甲分型及对甲沟炎的治疗研究

目的 通过对指(趾)甲的分型探索治疗甲沟炎的最佳手术方法。方法 将指(趾)甲分成3个类型，根据不同类型的甲沟炎施以不同的手术。嵌甲型、扁平型采用甲床部分切除，少数病例采用拨甲治疗。凹陷型行甲床部分切除加指(趾)侧梭形切皮整形术，少数病例行甲床部分切除。结果 共治疗437例，治愈410例，复发27例。结论 嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因。嵌甲型、扁平型甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除根除了嵌甲的情况，疗效甚佳。凹陷型行甲床部分切除加趾侧梭形切皮整形后，甲缘平面被降低，避免了组织受压，治疗后不易复发。     

甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法对48例（51足）嵌甲性甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建手术治疗,手术前0.5%碘伏浸泡患趾,切除增生的肉芽组织及病变甲沟,纵形切除约1/5甲床,重建甲沟,术后加压包扎,抗炎换药治疗。结果本组均获随访,随访时间4个月～2年,术后复发1例,二次手术后痊愈;术后感染2例;其余患者甲沟重建外观美观、无复发,患者满意。结论嵌甲性甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗,可以取得满意的疗效。     

简化的嵌甲矫正术

目的:介绍一种简单的嵌甲及其引起的甲沟炎的治疗方法.方法:对于无症状的嵌甲或甲沟炎早期,采取简化的嵌甲矫正术,即部分拔甲和部分切除甲根部的甲床、甲母质;对于嵌甲引起的甲沟炎的化脓期或慢性肉芽肿期,行拔除部分趾甲、清创引流术,待炎症控制、创面愈合一个月后行简化的嵌甲矫正术.结果:本组共86例,病人经过12～18个月随访,均无复发.结论:采用简化嵌甲矫正术,患者恢复快、无复发,值得推广.     

部分甲床和甲皱襞切除术治疗嵌甲的失误及并发症分析

目的分析部分甲床和甲皱襞切除术治疗嵌甲的失误及并发症。方法我院对106例患者的112趾嵌甲行部分甲床和甲皱襞切除术,对手术失误和并发症进行分析。结果术后残甲5例（5趾）经二次手术去除残甲;嵌甲复发2例（2趾）,1例经再次手术治愈,另1例未处置;感染造成延迟愈合4例（5趾）,经外科换药14～21d愈合。本组并发症合计发生率为10．7％。结论术中操作和积极预防处理并发症,是获得良好效果的关键。     

微创甲基质楔形切除术治疗顽固性足拇趾嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨微创甲基质楔形切除术治疗顽固性足拇趾嵌甲性甲沟炎的临床效果。方法自2010年1月至2016年12月,对32例36趾顽固性足拇趾嵌甲性甲沟炎患者采用微创甲基质楔形切除术治疗。先切开甲根部少许皮肤,拔除宽约3 mm的纵行条状嵌入侧的趾甲,再楔形切除甲根部部分甲基质,直接缝合皮肤。结果所有患者术后伤口均一期愈合,无切口感染等并发症发生。随访4～24个月,甲体外形生长良好,无明显畸形,甲沟炎均无复发,治愈率为100%。结论采用微创甲基质楔形切除术治疗足拇趾顽固性嵌甲性甲沟炎,是一种简单、实用且较理想的手术方式。     

改良的甲板及甲基质部分切除治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨改良的甲板及甲基质部分切除治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法选择2012年7月-2016年3月收治的86例95趾足部嵌甲性甲沟炎患者,采用患侧部分拔甲、甲基质部分(约1/5)切除、甲床外翻抬高、增生肉芽组织切除联合甲襞修整方法治疗,观察术后疗效。结果患者术后愈合佳,除3例术后创面感染,再次清创后愈合,其余切口均Ⅰ期愈合。81例获随访,随访时间10个月~4年,平均12.4个月,患者趾甲外观完整,患趾感觉及运动功能正常,无复发,无并发症、后遗症发生。结论该术式是目前治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的有效方法之一,手术时间短、微创、方法简单可行、恢复快、治愈率高、远期疗效确切,尤其不影响甲部整体外形美观,患者易于接受,值得推广。     

完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术治疗感染性嵌甲

目的探讨完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术在治疗感染性嵌甲方面的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月-2015年12月治疗90例感染性嵌甲共104趾,均采用完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术式,从手术时机选择、术后护理、复发率及术后趾甲美观四个方面进行评价。结果 90例均适于本术式治疗,术后换药次数少、无需拆线且未见再次感染,术后趾甲轮廓得以保持,平均(26.0±3.5)个月随访中仅见1例复发。结论完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术可治疗各期感染性嵌甲,在术后护理过程中有天然优势,并且能明显降低嵌甲复发率,保持趾甲美观。     

部分甲体甲床甲母质切除甲沟成形术治疗嵌甲型甲沟炎256例

目的:探讨一种利用甲侧襞皮瓣改变甲体与甲沟的位置结构,从而彻底治愈嵌甲型甲沟炎的手术方法。方法:切除部分甲体、甲床及甲母质,并利用甲侧襞皮瓣成形甲床、甲沟、甲侧襞联合结构。结果:本院2010年1月～2011年6月对256例嵌甲患者,足趾255例、手指1例,共376侧嵌甲进行甲沟成形手术,随访6月～2年,取得满意效果。结论:本手术从根本上彻底解决了嵌甲的病因,手术并发症少,复发率极低。     

重塑趾(指)甲治疗难治性甲沟炎

甲沟炎是门诊外科一常见病、多发病.一般认为病因为[1]:①嵌甲 趾(指)甲嵌入甲沟软组织内,导致甲沟部软组织受到挤压.影响局部血液循环产生炎性反应,是引起甲沟炎的主要原因.嵌甲可能与不良生活习惯有关,如鞋子较小、鞋头狭窄等.②感染 可能与拔手指甲肉刺、咬指甲等不良卫生习惯有关.甲沟部污物积聚,细菌繁殖产生炎性反应.③外伤 跌伤、踢伤或剪甲等造成甲沟或甲床组织损伤,继发细菌感染.临床上对于第2、3种病因所致甲沟炎,治疗效果好,但对于第1种病因所致甲沟炎的治疗效果欠佳.目前一般采用拔甲、甲床部分切除、趾(指)侧梭形切除等方式治疗,但复发率高,特别是嵌甲及感染后拔甲治疗复发率为100％.2008年3月至2010年5月我们采用重塑趾(指)甲及甲皱襞,治疗难治性甲沟炎30例,术后随访无复发病例.     

甲母质部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨甲母质部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的疗效。方法将嵌甲性甲沟炎30例随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组15例。对照组给予单纯拔甲+局部切开换药治疗。治疗组予以甲床、甲母质部分切除联合拔甲术、甲沟重建术治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗组愈合时间明显短于对照组,复发率及伤口细菌检出率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用甲母质部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎,疗程短、复发率低,值得临床选用。     

Surgical options in the management of ingrown toenails in paediatric age group

Background and objectiveThe problem of ingrown toenails is worldwide, affecting all age groups. The aim of this study was to review the different surgical modalities for ingrown toenails in the paediatric age group in a hospital.MethodsWe reviewed case series of 66 children with 89 affected toes, under 16 years of age. The patients were followed up for up to 18 months. The treatment methods practised were: (1) nail avulsion with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol and (2) wedge excision with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol or thermal ablation.ResultsWe found a recurrence rate of 3% for those treated with wedge excision alone compared to 30% when treated with wedge excision and phenol ablation (p = 0.001). Infection rate was also higher for wedge excision with phenol ablation. We achieved cure rate of 97% when using wedge excision alone and 70% when phenol was used for nail matrix ablation.ConclusionWe advocate wedge excision as primary treatment of ingrown toenails in children. We would not recommend phenol ablation of the nail matrix in younger patients as it increases both infection and recurrence rates. The results of nail bed ablation with diathermy appear promising.     

Treatment of Recurrent Ingrown Great Toenail Associated with Granulation Tissue by Partial Nail Avulsion Followed by Matricectomy with Sharpulse Carbon Dioxide Laser

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of partial nail avulsion followed by matricectomy with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for the treatment of ingrown great toenails remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of partial nail avulsion followed by matricectomy with sharpulse CO2 laser in the treatment of recurrent ingrown great toenails associated with granulation tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with a total of 18 recurrent ingrown great toenails were randomly selected for participation in this study. Partial nail avulsions followed by matricectomy with sharpulse CO2 laser were performed on the involved nails. After at least 6 months, we evaluated the recurrence of ingrown toenails, regrowth of the nail spike, duration of post-treatment pain and post-treatment infection. RESULTS: Partial nail avulsion followed by matricectomy with sharpulse CO2 laser in the treatment of ingrown toenails resulted in a high cure rate, short postoperative pain duration and low risk of postoperative infection. CONCLUSION: This method we advocate is convenient and effective for the treatment of recurrent ingrown great toenail associated with granulation tissue.     

甲板及甲基质部分切除联合拇趾腹重建甲沟治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨甲板及甲基质部分切除联合拇趾腹重建甲沟治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法对76例嵌甲性甲沟炎患者采用甲板及甲基质部分切除联合拇趾腹重建甲沟术治疗,评价治疗效果。结果 76例均获随访,时间8~12个月。2例复发残甲,总有效率达97.4%。结论采用甲板及甲基质部分切除联合拇趾腹重建甲沟术治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎操作简便,对趾甲损伤小,患者痛苦轻,并发症少,治愈率高。     

48例嵌趾甲的病因分析及手术治疗

目的探讨趾嵌趾甲的病因,介绍一种新的手术治疗方法。方法对1997年10月至2003年10月我科收治的趾嵌甲患者48例51趾患者均进行手术治疗,咬除末节趾骨末端爪粗隆部分,梭形切除趾端及趾甲两旁软组织。随访观察趾端及趾甲的外形、了解嵌甲复发情况。结果所有病例平均随访26个月,47例50趾嵌甲治愈,1例1趾复发,经再次手术后治愈。结论趾末节趾骨爪粗隆突上翘是形成趾嵌甲的原因之一,咬除趾骨末端爪粗隆并梭形切除趾端及甲根两旁软组织是治疗嵌甲的一种有效方法。     

微创甲母质刮除术治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎206例术后疗效调查

目的：采用减少创伤,清除仅与疾病有关的肉芽、甲板、甲母质(nail matrix,或甲基质onychostroma)等病变组织术式治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎,并随访评估疗效。 方法：2010年-2013年6月,门诊手术治疗206例嵌甲性甲沟炎患者。术中剪除病变侧甲板3-4mm,并刮除与之相关的甲母质,刮出炎性肉芽,术后换药。 结果 术后随访6月-2年,复发13例,术后3月复发人数最多,复发率6.3%,优良率：93.6% 结论：微创甲母质刮出术,创伤小,手术简单,疗效满意,建议推广。     

青少年和成年人嵌甲的病因分析及其改良手术方法探讨

目的:探讨青少年及成年人嵌甲的病因,并对应用彻底切除两侧甲生发层的甲襞成形术治疗嵌甲的有效性进行分析。方法:选择2015年1月-2016年12月笔者医院收治的顽固性嵌甲症患者68例,其中青少年组:36例,成年组:32例;部位:单足第一趾60例,双足第一趾8例;病程最短2个月,最长3年,平均4个月;复发次数最少1次,最多6次,平均3次。分析青少年及成年嵌甲发病原因,并对所有患者采用彻底切除两侧甲生发层的甲襞成形术进行治疗。结果:青少年嵌甲致病原因主要为穿不合适、过紧的鞋子,多汗;成年嵌甲致病原因主要为修剪趾甲不当、创伤性甲损伤。68例患者中,青少年组36例,术后伤口愈合时间(6±1.38)d,成年组32例,术后伤口愈合时间(8±1.68)d。青少年组随访3~24个月,平均19个月,优良率达97.2%,成年组随访2~22个月,平均17个月,优良率达93.8%。术后拇趾外露甲体宽度患侧为(16.36±0.17)mm,术前拇趾外露甲体宽度为(16.58±O.36)mm,术后趾甲形态满意。结论:青少年和成年嵌甲致病主要原因各不相同。彻底切除两侧生发层的甲襞成形术治疗嵌甲效果满意,可获得较好的美观外形。     

Treatment of severe deformities of the toenails by the modified Zadik method with artificial skin.

A number of operations have been devised to treat ingrowing toenails and pincer nails, and they have given good aesthetic and functional results. However, there have been few reports of operations for the treatment of severe nail deformities caused by damage to the matrix of the nail by injury, or by inappropriate removal of the nail or intractable onychomycosis or cardiovascular or neurological disorders. In 1950, Zadik reported a radical technique for ingrown nails and pincer nails: after avulsion of the nail, the matrix was excised completely and the posterior nail wall was sutured to the nail bed as an advancement flap. We have treated 23 severe deformities other than ingrown nails and pincer nails in 14 patients by the modified Zadik method with artificial skin. As a result, symptoms including pain were alleviated in all patients. The nail plate did not regenerate, and no patient had aesthetic complaints.     

Zur Behandlung des eingewachsenen Zehennagels

In Germany,"Emmert plasty" is one of the terms most frequently used in daily surgical practice. It describes the wedge excision of nail fold, nail edge, and corresponding matrix for advanced stages of ingrown toenail in most standard textbooks of surgery but without direct reference to Emmert. The method, however,was apparently first described by the French military surgeon Baudens in 1850 and was strongly opposed by Emmert himself who propagated a pure soft tissue resection. This text gives a short historical review of the various treatment methods of ingrown toenails.     

Partial matrix excision or orthonyxia for ingrowing toenails

BACKGROUND: We wanted to evaluate whether partial matrix excision and orthonyxia are equally effective in the treatment of ingrown toenails of the hallux. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial with 12-month observer-blinded followup, in the surgical outpatient department of a teaching hospital. We randomized 105 consecutive patients with a total of 109 ingrown toenails to either partial matrix excision (n=58) or an orthonyxia procedure (n=51). The main outcomes measurements were rate of recurrence after 12 months, postoperative morbidity, and time to complete recovery. RESULTS: The 12-month followup was completed in 55 of 58 patients undergoing partial matrix excision and 47 of 51 patients having orthonyxia. There were four ingrown toenails, four recurrences in the partial matrix excision group, and eight in the orthonyxia group (NS, p=0.14). Postoperative morbidity parameters (redness, pus, postoperative bleeding); time to complete recovery, wearing shoes (p < 0.01), and performing activities of daily living and hobbies; postoperative symptoms; and patient satisfaction all favored orthonyxia. CONCLUSIONS: Partial matrix excision and orthonyxia are equally effective treatments for ingrown toenails. But the orthonyxia procedure showed better results, with less postoperative morbidity, shorter time to complete recovery, fewer postoperative symptoms, and greater patient satisfaction.