耳内镜下鼓膜成形术的临床应用

目的 探讨耳内镜下经外耳道鼓膜成形术的手术方法并观察其疗效.方法 59例鼓膜穿孔患者,依据鼓膜穿孔面积及边缘有无残余鼓膜,在耳内镜下经外耳道行内植或双“门形”皮瓣法内植法鼓膜修补术.结果 术后随访1～6个月,一期治愈率94.9％.结论 耳内镜下经外耳道鼓膜成形术疗效好、创伤小,可部分代替显微镜下鼓膜成形术.     

耳内镜下鼓膜修补术

目的探讨应用耳内镜下鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的疗效.方法应用单手操作行前内植后夹层法鼓膜成形术,治疗30耳鼓膜穿孔.结果有28耳愈合良好听力提高较为满意,穿孔愈合率为93.3%,与在显微镜下手术疗效无明显差异.结论应用耳内镜手术治疗鼓膜穿孔方便、灵活、视野好,为一较理想的手术方法.     

耳内镜边缘性鼓膜穿孔修补术

目的探讨耳内镜下边缘性鼓膜穿孔成形的手术方法、技巧与疗效.方法依据24例单纯边缘性鼓膜穿孔的大小,9例用经穿孔缘直接内植法,15例用经外耳道皮瓣内植法修补.结果随访患者3～19月,总治愈率为100%,一次治愈率为87.5%;术后3个月,语言频率气导听阈下降＞10dB者占87.5%,气骨导差＜10dB者占91.7%.结论耳内镜下处理无残留鼓膜的边缘性穿孔,视野清晰,操作简便、精确,处理继发再穿孔亦甚方便,疗效优于显微镜.     

耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术的临床观察

目的 探讨耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术的临床治疗方法和疗效.方法 对32例(32耳)慢性中耳炎遗留鼓膜穿孔的患者施行耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术,探讨手术方法和分析疗效.结果术后随访12～18周,1次手术的穿孔愈合率为91%,2次手术穿孔总愈合率为97%,愈合鼓膜形态好,无鼓室粘连、听力下降等并发症发生.结论 耳内镜下脂肪组织鼓膜成形术适用于慢性中耳炎无听骨链病变的中小鼓膜穿孔修补,操作简单,成功率高.疗效可靠.     

中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔耳内镜治疗的研究

目的　探讨鼓膜小穿孔的慢性化脓性中耳炎耳内镜下手术修补方式的选择。方法　回顾性分析2016年3月～2018年10月我科诊治的90例慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔患者,根据修补方式（内置法或夹层法）和手术时鼓室黏膜情况（干耳或湿耳）,观察对比鼓膜愈合率及术后3个月听力改善情况。结果　90例患者干性穿孔53例,鼓膜穿孔边缘潮湿者（湿耳）37例;内植法64例,夹层法26例。术后鼓膜一期愈合87例,夹层法术后鼓膜愈合率高于内植法,但两者比较差异无统计学意义（P =0.554）。湿耳组中夹层法修复鼓膜成功率高于内植法,两者比较差异有统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法P =0.047）。术后3个月平均气导听阈较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义 （t =5.055,P＜0.05）,气骨导差明显缩小与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（t =5.351,P＜0.05）。结论　耳内镜下内置法鼓膜成形术治疗中耳炎鼓膜小穿孔,有微创、便捷和疗效确切等优势。针对鼓膜穿孔边缘潮湿、耳漏反复发作及前上象限穿孔者,该术式需慎重考虑,应优先选择夹层法鼓膜成形术。     

两种鼓膜修补方法疗效比较

鼓膜成形术素有内植法与外植法。据报道两种方法的穿孔愈合率均为80～90%,术后听力也不相上下。内植法有其优点:可探查鼓室,清除鼓膜内面大部分鳞状上皮,较易保持鼓膜与外耳道前壁的角度。作者设计两种改良内植法:甲法用于不同位置、大小干性鼓膜穿孔70例;乙法用于在各方面可与前述病例类比者32例。术中见听骨链活动良好、鼓室无感染、中耳粘膜均正常。大多采用耳后切口,少数穿孔位于鼓膜后部者采用耳内切口。甲法:翻开鼓室外耳道后壁皮瓣,探查鼓室。切除穿孔缘,去除槌骨柄内侧面上皮。取一片修薄的湿润颞筋膜植于槌骨柄内侧,使小     

耳后带蒂皮瓣在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 探讨开放式鼓室成形术中上皮缺损的有效修复方法.方法 26例开放式鼓室成形术患者,应用耳后带蒂皮瓣一期修复术腔上皮缺损,系统观察修复效果.结果 所有患者皮瓣全部成活,均在1月内干耳,术腔无肉芽生长.术后随访1～16年,全部患者乳突术腔基本消失,外耳道略宽,后壁皮肤光滑、洁净,术后听力均有不同程度提高.结论 对于开放式鼓室成形术中出现的上皮缺损,耳后带蒂皮瓣修复法简单方便,成活率高,有利于缩短干耳时间.     

鼓膜前下无残边穿孔并外耳道狭窄鼓室成形术

临床工作中,前、下无残边并外耳道狭窄的单纯鼓膜穿孔并不少见,对于此类鼓膜穿孔的处理颇为棘手,以往大多采用耳后径路进行鼓室成形术,但此径路创伤较大,术后恢复时间长。我科1998年2月~2002年6月采用耳内径路外耳道成型加前、下壁翻皮瓣的鼓室成形术(Ⅰ型)86耳;采用耳后径路进行鼓室成形术(Ⅱ型)78耳。均取得满意疗效,现总结报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料按照纳入标准(单纯鼓膜穿孔;纯音测听示传导性聋;咽鼓管功能良好;颞骨CT检查:鼓窦、乳突正常,听骨链完整;鼻及鼻咽部无疾病)选择144例病人(164耳),其中86耳采用Ⅰ型手术,其中男45耳,…     

夹层法鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔53耳报告

目的：进一步探讨夹层法鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔的疗效。方法;以夹层法鼓膜成形订治疗５３耳鼓膜穿孔,并与同时期行内植法治疗的１６８耳进行疗效比较。结果：夹层法组穿孔愈合率为９６．２％,内植法组为８５．７％;夹层法组听力恢复明显优于内植法组,且术后咽鼓管功能保持良好,在保持鼓膜前下锐角和锥形方面,夹层法亦优于内植法。结论：夹层法彭膜成形术是治疗鼓膜穿孔的较为理想的方法。     

不同术式及材料鼓膜成形术的疗效观察

目的 探讨根据鼓膜穿孔大小选择不同鼓膜成形术及修补材料的可行性及疗效.方法 255例鼓膜穿孔患者,根据鼓膜穿孔大小,分别对98例鼓膜小穿孔患者(穿孔直径小于3 mm)采用耳内镜下或显微镜下脂肪团块嵌塞法行鼓膜修补术,对75例鼓膜中穿孔患者(穿孔直径3~5 mm)行耳内镜下或显微镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜内置法、不制作外耳道皮瓣行鼓膜修补术,对82例鼓膜大穿孔患者(穿孔直径大于5 mm)行显微镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜内置法、制作外耳道皮瓣行鼓膜修补术.术后1~3个月行耳内镜复查,观察其疗效.结果 三种手术方式修补鼓膜小、中、大穿孔的愈合率分别为98.0%(96/98)、96.0%(72/75) 和96.34%(79/82),总愈合率为96.86%(247/255),术后言语频率平均气导听阈20.1±4.3 dB HL.结论 针对鼓膜穿孔大小选择不同鼓膜成形术及修补材料是可行的,其疗效均满意.     

"Window shade" tympanoplasty for anterior marginal perforations

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Anterior marginal perforations of the tympanic membrane often present a reconstructive challenge to the otolaryngologist. Poor surgical outcomes are often due to inadequate exposure, a lack of residual tympanic membrane, impaired vascular supply, and delayed healing. This study reports on the success of the "window shade" technique, combining aspects of both the traditional underlay and overlay tympanoplasty techniques, for the management of anterior marginal tympanic membrane perforations. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients undergoing window shade tympanoplasty from July 1, 1994, to July 1, 2003, at a tertiary care referral center. METHODS: Only patients found to have anterior tympanic membrane perforations and who underwent a window shade tympanoplasty were included in the study. Tympanoplasty success rate was studied by examining postoperative complications of recurrent perforation, tympanic membrane lateralization, or anterior blunting. RESULTS: The authors identified 164 patients who underwent window shade tympanoplasty during the study period. The overall success rate for tympanic membrane repair was 94.5%. There were no cases of tympanic membrane lateralization or significant blunting. The average healing time was 4 weeks. The surgical technique is described in detail. CONCLUSION: The window shade tympanoplasty is an excellent surgical option for repair of anterior marginal perforations of the tympanic membrane.     

耳内镜及手术显微镜下自体脂肪鼓膜修补术的比较

目的通过对手术显微镜下及耳内镜下自体脂肪鼓膜修补术的疗效比较,探讨耳内镜下脂肪鼓膜修补术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析1998年6月至2001年6月间78例(83耳)显微镜下自体脂肪鼓膜修补术及2001年7月至2005年6月间108例(115耳)耳内镜下行脂肪鼓膜修补术患者的临床资料,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果全部患者随访时间均超过6个月,二组鼓膜穿孔愈合率分别为91.57%(76/83)和93.04%(107/115),二组中不同大小、不同位置、不同类型鼓膜穿孔患者的愈合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论耳内镜下鼓膜穿孔自体脂肪修补术是一种简单、安全、有效的方法,具有无需手术切口、并发症少、节省费用等优点。     

The zone-based approach for selection of tympanoplasty technique

At the outset of surgery, the extent of a tympanic membrane defect is judged including any additional loss of area that may result from disease extirpation or removal of the mucocutaneous junction. There are, three tiers of complexity when deciding upon which technique should be used for repair. Limited central perforations are defects amenable to a standard underlay technique. The Zone Based Approach is applied for marginal perforations whereby the specific technique is selected based on the zone of the defect. The zones and specific techniques are detailed. There are however, still a significant number of patients who have scarce residual tympanic membrane, or keratin matrix adherently involving the undersurface requiring sacrifice. These situations prove poor for either standard underlay or the zone based techniques. The total tympanic membrane reconstruction (TT MR) technique was developed specifically to avoid these complications as well as facilitate extirpation of the more extensive inflammatory and neoplastic pathologies commonly encountered, yet still amenable to intact canal wall mastoidectomy approaches.     

三种类型鼓室成形术疗效分析

目的 探讨三种类型鼓室成形术的临床疗效。方法 Ⅰ型鼓膜修补术:外伤性穿孔,应用贴补法修补穿孔;陈旧性穿孔用内植法修补。Ⅱ型镫骨加高术:镫骨正常,镫骨以外的听骨腐损,在镫骨头上固定骨皮质,使镫骨加高与人工鼓膜相接。Ⅲ型镫骨小柱术:仅剩镫骨底板正常(或无镫骨底板)用骨皮质制成听小柱连接镫骨底板(或前庭窗的脂肪上)和人工鼓膜。结果 Ⅰ型完成597例,成功573例,Ⅱ型完成53例,成功49例。Ⅲ型完成15例,成功14例。手术成功率94.8％。结论 三种类型鼓室成形术临床疗效满意。     

耳内镜下鼓耳道后径路行鼓膜修补术的疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下鼓耳道后径路行鼓膜修补术疗效观察。方法采用回顾性分析,对我科21例耳内镜下行鼓耳道后径路鼓膜修补患者,随访半年,针对术后鼓膜愈合率以及听力情况进行分析。结果20例患者,21耳,20例鼓膜愈合,成功率为95.2%,术后无味觉损伤,无移植物内陷及外移,无耳鸣或耳鸣加重,无听力损伤,无胆脂瘤形成;术前平均气导听阈为(49.4±8.6)dB HL,骨气导差为(31.9±4.9)dB HL,术后平均气导听阈为(24.2±5.9)dB HL,骨气导差为(12.7±6.5)dB HL,听力较术前明显提高(P<0.01)。17例(81%)骨气导差小于20db HL。结论耳内镜下利用耳屏软骨-软骨膜经鼓耳道后径路行鼓膜修补术,对不同部位鼓膜穿孔愈合率及听力恢复均获得良好疗效,临床上值得推广应用。     

Central perforations-safe or unsafe?

An analysis of 227 consecutive tympanomastoldectomies was undertaken to compare the types and degree of middle ear pathologic features that are found behind central perforations as compared with attic or marginal perforations. In this series, little difference was found between the two groups. A great deal of disease occurred behind all types of tympanic membrane perforations. Near-normal audiogram results did not guarantee a normal middle ear. Central perforations are not necessarily safe and should be treated with the same caution as attic or marginal perforations.     

Modified house tympanoplasty for successful closure of near-total tympanic membrane perforations

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the use of a modified House technique in the successful closure of near-total tympanic membrane perforations. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis over a 25-year span of the senior author's experience with a particular technique of closing large tympanic membrane perforations. The charts of patients were reviewed and the data were analyzed. Technique: The modified House technique combines an underlay graft placement with an advancement ear canal skin flap. It provides vascularization and subsequent early epithelialization of a large perforation. RESULTS: In this series, the senior author operated on 46 patients. Forty-three patients had one ear operated on and three had bilateral surgery. The closure rate was 98% (48 of 49 ears). The one failure had a subsequent successful closure at a later date. CONCLUSION: This is a simple endaural technique that guarantees successful closure of near-total tympanic membrane perforations using locally available tragal perichondrium.     

Overlay versus underlay myringoplasty: report of outcomes considering closure of perforation and hearing function

In this series of patients, the underlay or overlay positioning of a graft achieves successful outcome for both repair of perforation and hearing function, with better hearing gain in the underlay group. In myringoplasty, the two most common techniques for positioning the graft relative to the remnant of both the tympanic membrane and the annulus are the "overlay" and the "underlay" techniques. 115 patients who underwent myringoplasty for tympanic membrane perforation secondary to chronic otitis media and/or trauma were included, and hearing function was evaluated. We prefer an overlay technique in subtotal perforations, in those involving the anterior and antero-inferior parts of the ear drum with respect to the handle of the malleus and in revision surgery. We reserve an underlay technique for smaller perforations and for those limited to the posterior part of the tympanic membrane. Of 115 cases, 63 underwent an overlay myringoplasty and 52 underlay myringoplasty. In the former group, five cases were anatomically unsuccessful, whereas in the second group there were three failures. The air bone gap improved significantly in both groups with a better hearing gain in the underlay group.     

鼓膜上皮皮瓣推移法修补边缘性鼓膜穿孔27例

目的 探讨鼓膜上皮皮瓣推移法修补边缘性鼓膜穿孔的疗效及优点。方法 选择边缘性鼓膜穿孔患者27例, 切除鼓膜穿孔边缘上皮环, 沿穿孔边缘分离鼓膜上皮层与纤维层, 向穿孔中心推移鼓膜上皮层, 使穿孔闭合, 必要时做鼓膜上皮减张切口。结果 一次性鼓膜穿孔修补成功26例, 愈合率96.3%, 随访3～6个月。结论 鼓膜上皮皮瓣推移法修补边缘性鼓膜穿孔, 手术简单, 创伤微小, 疗效可靠。     

Impact of mastoidectomy on simple tympanic membrane perforation repair

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Mastoidectomy has long been identified as an effective method of treatment for chronic ear infection. The effect of mastoidectomy on patients without evidence of active infectious disease remains highly debated and unproven. The objective in the study was to examine the impact of mastoidectomy on the repair of uncomplicated tympanic membrane perforations. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of patients at tertiary referral center. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-four patients who underwent surgical repair of simple tympanic membrane perforations were identified and reviewed in a retrospective manner. Simple tympanic membrane perforations were defined as tympanic membrane perforations of any size and location without any of the following confounding variables: 1). active infection (active otorrhea, abnormal middle ear mucosa, or granulations tissue); 2). ossicular abnormalities (ossicular fixation, ossicular discontinuity, ossicular malformation, or ossicular absence); 3). cholesteatoma; or 4). prior attempt at tympanic membrane repair (prior tympanoplasty or mastoidectomy). Surgical outcome and clinical course were assessed to compare results of tympanic membrane perforation repair with and without canal wall up mastoidectomy. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane repair was equally effective in both groups at 91%. Hearing results were comparable. Development of persistent ipsilateral otological disease requiring a subsequent ipsilateral procedure was approximately twice as common in the tympanoplasty group. In the tympanoplasty group, 14.1% of patients underwent subsequent ipsilateral otological procedures, and 6.1% of patients in the tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy intact canal wall group underwent subsequent ipsilateral procedures (P <.05). The most common subsequent ipsilateral procedures were tympanoplasty, tympanostomy tube placement, tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy canal wall up, and tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy canal wall down, in that order. After including untreated tympanic membrane perforations as subsequent procedures, the adjusted rate of subsequent procedures was 15.5% in the tympanoplasty group and 12.2% in the tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy group (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Mastoidectomy was not necessary for successful repair of simple tympanic membrane perforations. However, mastoidectomy impacted the clinical course in patients by reducing the number of patients requiring future procedures and by decreasing disease progression. This suggests that even in the absence of active evidence of infection, mastoidectomy improved the underlying disease process. Combining mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty during repair of simple perforations in patients with no active evidence of infection remains an appropriate option and may be valuable in reducing the need for future surgery.