支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤切除术小儿间歇通气呼吸暂停麻醉法的效果

目的 评价间歇通气呼吸暂停麻醉法用于小儿支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤切除术的效果.方法 择期内窥镜辅助支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤切除术小儿20例,麻醉诱导后经口插入气管导管,静脉输注异丙酚、瑞芬太尼,间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.08 mg/kg维持麻醉,静脉注射地塞米松0.2 mg/kg防止喉头水肿.手术开始前对小儿行过度通气,PET CO2低于30 mm Hg时拔出气管导管,暂停呼吸,术者尽快手术操作,当SpO2下降到97%时,由术者插入气管导管,立即行过度通气,尽快使SpO2升至100%,当PETCO2低于30mmHg时拔出气管导管立即手术,如此反复至术毕.术中检测动脉血气,监测MAP、HR、SpO2和PETCO2,记录术者对手术条件的评估情况、苏醒时间及术后有关并发症及术后3个月内随访肿瘤复发情况.结果 所有小儿在麻醉诱导后均一次性成功置入支撑喉镜,苏醒时间为(7±3)min.在整个试验过程中,PETCO2及PaO2虽有一定程度波动,但均在临床允许范围内;MAP、HR、SpO2、pH和PaCO2维持稳定(P＞0.05).术者评估手术条件的优良率为90%,未见有关并发症发生.术后3个月复发率为15%.结论 间歇通气呼吸暂停麻醉法可安全、有效地应用于小儿支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤切除术.     

支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术的麻醉探讨

目的探讨支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术的麻醉处理方法。方法36例喉乳头状瘤患儿,在支撑喉镜下采用静脉复合麻醉并给予小剂量肌松药连接吸引管高频喷射控制呼吸(HFJV)下行喉乳头状瘤切除术。术中监测动脉血气和ECG,记录患儿在麻醉诱导前、手术开始时、术后15min、术毕及苏醒后5minMAP、HR、SpO2。结果所有患儿术野暴露充分,手术顺利。术中无缺氧和二氧化碳蓄积;MAP、HR、ECG、SpO2、pH、动脉氧分压(PaO2)和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)稳定;停药后5～10min患儿完全清醒,醒后无复睡、喉头水肿及憋气,苏醒时间为(7.2±3.4)min。支撑喉镜置入时3例患儿HR明显减慢,静脉注射阿托品0.01mg/kg后HR恢复正常;1例患儿在置入支撑喉镜时,MAP与诱导前比较明显升高,观察2～3min后恢复正常。结论静脉复合麻醉加HFJV可安全、有效地应用于支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术。     

脑电双频指数用于七氟醚全麻喉罩自主通气实施乳腺癌根治术的临床意义

目的 探讨腩电双频指数(BIS)对七氟醚全麻喉罩自主通气下实施乳腺癌根治术的指导意义.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期乳腺癌根治术患者,随机均均分为BIS组和对照组.记录麻醉期间不同时点吸气末七氟醚浓度(CINSev)、呼气末七氟醚浓度(CETSev)、SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、PETCO2、VT、每分钟通气量(VE)、RR、气道峰压(PPEAK),并取外周动脉血行血气分析.结果 两组均可获得满意的插管条件,BIS组置入喉罩前CETSev显著低于对照组(P<0.01),诱导时间显著长于对照组(P<0.05),诱导期间自主呼吸抑制发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),清醒时间和拔除喉罩时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05).BIS组麻醉期间CETSev和CINSev均显著低于对照组(P<0.01).两组的SBP、DBP、HR及VT、VE、RR、PPEAK各时点变化差异无统计学意义.两组PaO2、PaCO2、碳酸氰根浓度(HCO3)、SaO2均维持正常;BIS组pH及PaCO2于插入喉罩后15 min及切皮时均显著低于对照组(P<0.01).结论 BIS指导七氟醚全麻喉罩自主通气,可减少七氟醚用量,自主呼吸维持较平稳.血流动力学稳定,呼吸功能及血气指标接近正常,全麻苏醒迅速.     

喉罩吸入七氟醚联合骶麻在小儿尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的 研究喉罩吸入七氟醚全麻联合骶麻在小儿尿道下裂手术中的应用效果.方法 择期行尿道下裂成形术的患儿60例,年龄1～6岁,随机均分为喉罩吸入七氟醚联合骶麻组(A组),喉罩吸入七氟醚组(B组)和丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉组(C组).术中均保留自主呼吸.记录呼吸循环变化,诱导和苏醒时间,术中体动和术后不良反应的发生率.结果 与C组相比,A、B组诱导平稳,苏醒时间明显缩短(P<0.05).切皮后30、60 min、术毕时B、C组HR明显快于A组和诱导前(P<0.05).B、C组术中体动、气道辅助处理和苏醒期躁动发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05).结论 喉罩吸入七氟醚全麻联合骶麻气道管理方便,有效抑制应激反应,不良反应少,可安全有效地应用于小儿尿道下裂手术.     

鼻咽通气道-面罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术的效果:与喉罩自主呼吸的比较

目的 比较鼻咽通气道-面罩和喉罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术的效果.方法 择期腹股沟斜疝高位结扎术患儿72例,采用随机数字表法,将患儿分为2组(n=36):鼻咽通气道-面罩组(M组)和喉罩组(L组).静脉注射丙泊酚1.0 mg/kg和芬太尼2.0μg/kg,保留自主呼吸,意识消失后扣上面罩,吸入2 L/min氧气和3％七氟醚,BIS值50 ～ 60时,L组置入2号喉罩,M组经左鼻腔置入鼻咽通气道并扣紧面罩,连接麻醉机行紧闭循环自主呼吸,切皮前5 min静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg,术中吸入七氟醚,维持BIS值40 ～ 60.于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后3min、成功置入喉罩或鼻咽通气道即刻、切皮即刻、切皮后3 min、拔出喉罩或鼻咽通气道即刻测定MAP、HR、PETCO2和SpO2,记录置入喉罩或鼻咽通气道的时间和成功情况、苏醒时间、离开手术室时间及不良反应发生情况.结果 与L组比较,插管、拔管时M组MAP、HR降低,置入鼻咽通道时间较短且一次性置入成功率(100％)明显升高,患儿躁动评分及拔管后上呼吸道梗阻发生率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 鼻咽通气道-面罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术,易于建立人工通气道并可维持自主呼吸,对循环功能影响轻微,还可明显减少麻醉恢复期并发症的发生,其效果优于喉罩自主呼吸方式.     

Supreme喉罩在神经外科手术中的应用效果

目的 观察Supreme喉罩在神经外科手术中的应用效果.方法 36例择期神经外科手术患者,随机均分为喉罩组(S组)和气管插管组(Ⅰ组).麻醉诱导后,分别插入喉罩或气管导管行机械通气,记录插入和拔出喉罩(气管导管)前后MAP、HR、围术期动脉血pH、PaCO2、气道峰压(Ppeak)、舒芬太尼和七氟醚总用量及清醒和拔管时间.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,S组插入及拔除喉罩后MAP、HR更平稳;两组围术期动脉血pH、PaCO2、Ppeak差异无统计学意义;与Ⅰ组比较,S组舒芬太尼、七氟醚用量降低(P＜0.05),清醒时间、拔管时间缩短(P＜0.05).结论 神经外科手术中应用Supreme喉罩可减轻麻醉诱导及苏醒期血流动力学反应,减少麻醉药物用量,缩短清醒和拔管时间.     

新生儿先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘围术期的呼吸管理

目的探讨新生儿先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘围术期的呼吸管理,术中单肺通气(OLV)的临床应用及其安全性。方法 18例年龄6h～10d、体重1380～3100g、行食管闭锁及气管食管瘘食管端端吻合术患儿,麻醉诱导静脉注射阿托品0.01mg/kg、芬太尼2μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1mg/kg,面罩吸2%～4%七氟醚1min,气管插管尽可能插过气管食管瘘口。使用压力控制通气呼吸模式。麻醉维持吸入1%～3%七氟醚。术中压迫右侧肺,使其尽量萎陷,造成左肺OLV,调节呼吸参数,维持SpO2>90%。术中监测ECG、SpO2、PETCO2、BP、T。记录麻醉诱导前后、OLV10min、30min及术毕时的SpO2、PETCO2、HR、T。结果 OLV后所有患儿SpO2均有不同程度下降,适当调节呼吸参数,3例使用呼气末正压通气(PEEP),其中1例肺部感染重的患儿间隔恢复双肺通气,使SpO2维持90%以上。OLV30min,17例患儿SpO2较OLV10min时升高(P<0.05)。OLV10、30min时HR均较诱导后减慢。术中T维持在35.5～37.0℃。全部患儿术后安全返回病房。结论新生儿先天性食管闭锁及气管食管瘘围术期,采用单腔气管插管,术中人工肺萎陷法OLV麻醉时,恰当的呼吸管理,应用压力控制通气,七氟醚吸入维持麻醉是安全有效的。     

腹腔镜下小儿腹股沟斜疝手术的麻醉分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下小儿腹股沟斜疝手术的麻醉处理。方法选择腹腔镜治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿134例(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),均监测麻醉前(T0)、全身麻醉气管插管即刻(T1)、麻醉后20 min(T2)、清醒拔管前(T3)等各时点的平均血压(Bp)、心率(HR)、气道压(Pawp)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、SpO2、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)等数据的变化。结果麻醉前后各时点Bp、PaO2、PaCO2、SpO2、PETCO2比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全麻是腹腔镜治疗腹股沟斜疝手术的一种较理想的麻醉方法,须加强术中和术后气道的管理。     

七氟醚全麻喉罩通气在小儿眼科肿瘤检查中的应用

目的比较七氟醚全麻喉罩通气与传统氯胺酮静脉全麻在小儿眼科肿瘤检查中应用的优劣。方法择期眼肿瘤患儿60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为七氟醚全麻喉罩通气组(S组)和静脉氯胺酮组(K组),每组30例。S组七氟醚吸入诱导后置入喉罩,术中保留自主呼吸,吸入1.5%~2.5%七氟醚维持麻醉。K组间断静脉推注氯胺酮。记录两组术中呼吸循环及眼内压(IOP)的变化、诱导、苏醒时间及不良反应。结果K组术中HR较S组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),术中体动、SpO2<95%例数也高于S组(P<0.05);K组术中、术毕IOP高于S组(P<0.01),诱导及苏醒时间较S组明显延长且较多术后并发症(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论与氯胺酮麻醉相比,七氟醚全麻喉罩通气是眼肿瘤患儿检查的一种较佳麻醉选择。     

新生儿食道闭锁修补术麻醉中的呼吸管理

目的 探讨合并有食管气管瘘的新生儿食道闭锁修补手术麻醉中的呼吸管理.方法 收集我院自2008年4月以来6例新生儿食道闭锁修补手术的麻醉记录,回顾其麻醉诱导和维持期的呼吸管理方法,分析麻醉期间不同时点的重要生命体征如心率、呼吸频率、PETCO2,SpO2和麻醉相关并发症.结果 6例患儿均采用了以七氟醚为主复合适当静脉麻醉药物的麻醉方法.在结扎气管食管瘘口前均保留了自主呼吸,所有患儿均能维持足够的通气,无一例患儿发生严重呼吸抑制和返流误吸.在麻醉诱导期,心率、呼吸频率、PETCO2和SpO2均平稳;开胸到结扎瘘口期间,心率、呼吸频率和PETCO2轻度升高;SpO2在轻度辅助通气下保持较好水平.结论 在新生儿食道闭锁修补手术从麻醉诱导到结扎气管食管瘘,采用七氟醚为主复合适当静脉麻醉药物,可以很好地保留自主呼吸,降低返流误吸.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.