某学院医学生艾滋病知识、态度与行为调查

目的了解医学生艾滋病知识、态度和相关行为,为医学院校开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取咸宁学院医学生共260人,通过匿名自填式问卷调查的方式,对艾滋病知识、态度、行为进行调查。结果医学生艾滋病基本知识的答对率大部分在80%以上,但仍有40%左右的学生不能正确判断蚊虫叮咬能否传播艾滋病。对于共用剃须刀、牙刷能否传播艾滋病的答对率不同年级之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在对AIDS患者的态度上,80%以上的学生觉得应该对艾滋病患者的隐私保密。回答愿意与感染了艾滋病的同学交往和愿意照顾患有艾滋病的亲属的人数从低到高年级呈上升趋势;在艾滋病相关行为上,80%以上的学生表示怀疑患艾滋病后会选择公立医院就医,但仍有少数同学会选择去私立诊所或自己买药等方式处理。结论大部分医学生对艾滋病的基本知识掌握较好,但对传播途径仍存在一些误区。建议今后在医学生中加强性道德和医学伦理学的教育,引导学生增强自我保护意识,促进他们对AIDS的认识与态度、行为统一。     

某高校在校医学生AIDS相关KAB现况研究

目的了解吉林某高校在校医学生AIDS相关知识、态度、行为(KAB)情况,为学校和有关部门制订性教育、艾滋病健康教育和行为干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对吉林某高校在校一、二年级的3443名医学生进行普查。结果被调查对象关于AIDS主要传播途径的正确回答率在95%以上,但对蚊子叮咬是否会传播AIDS判断正确的只有51.1%;61.1%的学生知道目前仍无有效预防AIDS的疫苗;超过92%的学生认为“对艾滋病病人应关心、同情”;有20.0%的学生认为“艾滋病离自己很遥远、与自己关系不大;”13.3%的学生赞同婚前性行为;8.4%的学生曾有过性交经历。结论被调查的大学生对AIDS主要传播途径的认知水平较高,但对AIDS的预防知识相对缺乏,对AIDS的流行形势和危害程度认识不足。因此,该高校应全面加强AIDS防制知识宣传教育工作,提高学生的危机意识和防护技能,减少高危行为的发生。     

某医学院大学生艾滋病相关知识现状调查

目的：：了解某医学院大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为状况。方法：采用随机整群抽样的方法,在该院一至四年级每个年级中随机抽取若干个班,被抽取班级的全部学生作为调查对象,运用 SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计处理。结果：该校学生艾滋病知识平均分P50为11分,非医学生和低年级医学生知晓程度较低。该校大学生对艾滋病三大主要传播途径基本知晓,但仍存在盲区,如有多数同学不知道滥用剃须刀有传播艾滋病的可能。参加过“青年同伴活动”的学生较未参加过的学生对艾滋病人有更正确的认知态度。结论：该人群对AIDS的相关知识还有待进一步提高;加强对该人群的健康教育,通过多种方式提高AIDS的认知水平,对有效预防和控制AIDS的传播有重要意义。     

医学专业和非医学专业大学生艾滋病知信行比较研究

目的:了解综合性大学医学专业和非医学专业学生艾滋病相关的知识、行为以及态度,为制定全面系统的大学生艾滋病健康教育提供科学建议。方法:自行设计调查问卷,采用多级分层整群抽样方法选取医学生229名、非医学生1412名进行问卷调查。结果:医学生与非医学生对艾滋病基本知识和传播途径的知晓率差异有统计学意义;医学生与非医学生对待AIDS态度的差异有统计学意义;在两类学生中仍然存在AIDS相关高危险行为,且在大多数行为上都没有表现出明显差异;两类学生所获得AIDS知识主要来源于电视广播和互联网媒体。结论:无论是在艾滋病相关知识的掌握情况上,还是在对待艾滋病或艾滋患者的态度上,医学生的情况都好于非医学学生;两类学生对于艾滋病三大传播途径的知晓率和艾滋病基础知识的掌握情况都较高。教育专家应根据不同专业的特点以及学生要求的教育方式,制定系统的、针对性强的大学生AIDS健康教育措施;利用医学生特殊身份,在针对非医学专业同学进行AIDS健康教育的过程中发挥同伴教育的作用;动用全社会的力量,对大学生进行科学的AIDS健康教育。     

医学生艾滋病知识态度的调查分析

目的 了解低年级医学生的艾滋病(AIDS)知识和态度,为有针对性的开展艾滋病健康教育提供参考.方法 采用目的抽样方法,以班级为单位抽取一、二年级学生共计1 149名,采取匿名自填问卷的方式进行调查.结果 1 149名学生AIDS传播途径、非传播途径的平均知晓率为94.56％和77.20％,AIDS防治知识平均知晓率为46.70％;83.90％的学生愿意参与AIDS宣传教育,但70.00％以上的学生回避与HIV感染者或AIDS病人直接接触;学生获取AIDS知识主要来自电视、报刊杂志(71.98％).结论 低年级医学生对AIDS经典传播途径认知水平高,但对防治知识和非传播途径的认知水平有待提高,对待AIDS的态度有待改善.     

医学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查

目的了解医学生艾滋病知识的掌握情况及相关行为和态度,为今后开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查问卷,采用匿名方式对某医学院1-4年级1451名在校学生进行调查。结果共调查1451名大学生,他们对艾滋病的三个传播途径的知晓率都在95%以上,对于艾滋病的非传播途径除了经蚊虫叮咬传播外,其余的知晓率都在85%以上;约78%的学生知晓每次性交使用安全套可预防艾滋病;56.0%的学生回答愿意关心帮助艾滋病感染者和病人;获取艾滋病防治知识的主要途径是电视、报刊杂志和课堂教学;76人有过性行为史,占5.2%,安全套使用率低。不用安全套的原因是不愿意使用和认为没有必要。结论医学生对艾滋病传播途径的认知水平较高,只是对艾滋病的预防知识知晓率低,发生性行为时安全套使用率低,因此应加强学校的艾滋病防治知识宣传教育工作,开展多种形式的宣传并将艾滋病知识的教育纳入教学计划中,提高学生的自我保护意识,减少高危行为的发生,有效遏制艾滋病在青少年中的流行。     

我校学生艾滋病知识的现状及思考

目的了解医学生艾滋病知识、态度的现状。方法就有关艾滋病知识、态度及性行为进行问卷调查。结果除AIDS三大传播途径回答正确率较高外,有关AIDS其他传播途径、诊断、治疗、临床检验、疫苗及预防等知识的回答正确率较低;中专生的回答正确率明显低于大专生;学生获取AIDS知识的主要方式不是医学课程。结论医学生并没有全面系统的AIDS知识,对于学制短、层次低的大、中专学校更应重视和加强预防AIDS健康教育,在相关课程中加大有关AIDS内容的比重,加强预防医学教学,强化学生的预防意识。     

医学专科学校学生艾滋病知识和态度现状分析及对策

目的了解医学生人群中艾滋病知识、态度的认知现状及需求情况,以便有针对性的实施宣传教育。方法通过整群抽样,采用自行设计的调查表,对医专临床系、护理系和检验专业的学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查2605名学生,回收有效问卷2511份,其中96.14%学生对艾滋病的概念有正确的认识,对艾滋病的三条传播途径血液传播、性传播、母婴传播的正确回答率均在90%以上,但对一般日常生活接触是否传播艾滋病的知晓率偏低,如蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病的知晓率只有42.17%;部分学生对艾滋病病人或病毒感染者存在恐惧心理,49.41%~61.66%的学生认为从事医务活动会感染艾滋病;仅有38.95%~47.35%的学生表示愿意或服从安排,从事治疗护理艾滋病人的工作。医学生艾滋病知识与态度之间既存在关联也存在脱节现象。结论医学生艾滋病认知水平较高,但相关知识掌握不够全面,应对医学生开展综合性的艾滋病防治教育、性教育、艾滋病反歧视教育。     

医学生艾滋病知识的调查及其健康教育

①目的 调查医学生对艾滋病知识的了解情况,探讨健康教育的有效措施。②方法 参考WHO关于艾滋病的知识、态度、信念、行为问卷,根据医学生实际情况编制调查问卷,以无记名选择答案的方式,对558名医学生进行了有关艾滋病知识的调查。③结果 100％的医学生知道艾滋病,但只有67.6%的学生知道艾滋病的病原体是HIV,62.2%的被调查者能正确回答出艾滋病的传播途径,92.0%的学生对艾滋病病人和HIV感染者表示不歧视,72.4%的学生较关心艾滋病的流行趋势,84.2%的学生认为我国现在广泛地开展艾滋病的健康教育十分必要。④结论 在医学生中加强艾滋病的健康教育势在必行。     

桂西地区民族医学院学生艾滋病知信行情况调查

目的了解桂西地区民族医学院低年级学生艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为现状,为在民族地区医学院校中更好地开展艾滋病健康教育及建立可行有效的健康教育模式提供指导依据。方法采用自行设计的调查表,对2012级全体在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果 1 704名医学生艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,但部分知识认知较差,如对目前艾滋病是否有预防疫苗知晓率仅为65.12%,对共用餐具、咳嗽/打喷嚏、蚊虫叮咬不会引起HIV感染正确答对率较低,分别为75.89%、64.63%和57.21%;4.21%的学生已发生过性行为,对婚前性行为表示赞同的学生占18.38%,如果发生婚前性行为每次都会采取安全措施的学生为67.72%;95.56%的学生认为在大学生中开展艾滋病相关知识的健康教育很有必要。结论桂西地区民族医学院学生艾滋病基础知识掌握较好,但不够全面深入,对艾滋病健康教育需求大。应结合医学生实际情况,开展形式多样的宣传教育,提高医学生防治艾滋病的认知程度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.