肺癌患者血液纤溶状态的变化及其意义

对４８例肺癌患者及５１例正常对照者血浆的五项纤溶指标进行了检测。结果表明，肺癌组血浆纤溶酶原活性明显低于正常对照组，血浆纤溶激活活性，显著增高，而纤溶激活物抑制物低于对照组，这在晚期肺癌更为明显。     

原发性高血压与纤溶功能障碍

原发性高血压多合并纤溶功能减低,血压与血浆纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂水平相关,其机制是多元的,不同种类的降压药物对纤溶功能具有不同的影响。     

无症状性脑梗死患者血清炎性因子和纤溶及抗纤溶活性的变化

目的观察无症状性脑梗死(silent cerebral infarction,SCI)患者血清炎性因子和纤溶及抗纤溶活性的变化。方法选择SCI患者53例(SCI组)和健康体检者55例(对照组),分别检测血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血浆纤溶酶原活性(PLG:A)、纤溶酶活性(PLM:A)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性、D-二聚体(D-D)含量、_2α-纤溶酶抑制剂(α_2-PI)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI)活性。结果 SCI组hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组[(15.36±4.30)mg/L vs (10.26±2.61)mg/L,P<0.01],SCI组PLM:A、t-PA和D-D含量均明显低于对照组[(35.84±10.23)% vs (68.74±18.41)%,(0.11±0.01)U/ml vs (0.49±0.12)U/mL(0.36±0.14)mg/L vs (0.68±0.16)mg/L,P<0.01)],SCI组PLG:A与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SCI组α_2-PI活性和PAI活性明显高于对照组[(128.46±23.75)% vs (96.36±19.34)%,(0.86±0.22)AU/ml vs (0.48±0.10)AU/ml.P<0.01]。结论炎症过程和纤溶及抗纤溶系统的功能失调与SCl的形成有关。     

复方丹参滴丸对冠心病患者纤溶系统t-PA、PAI-1含量与活性的调控

目的观察复方丹参滴丸对冠心病患者内源性纤溶活性及血管内皮功能的影响，探讨其作用机制。方法冠心病患者78例，随机分为对照组和复方丹参滴丸组。对照组采用常规治疗；复方丹参滴丸组在常规治疗基础上加用复方丹参滴丸每次10粒，每日3次。两组用药时间均为4周。比较治疗前后血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制因子-1（PAI-1）活性及浓度。结果复方丹参滴丸治疗4周后，患者血浆PAI-1活性及浓度下降（P〈0．05），t—PA活性及浓度含量升高（P〈0．05），与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义；常规治疗组治疗前后t-PA和PAI-1活性差异无统计学意义。结论复方丹参滴丸可有效地调控改善冠心病患者内源性纤溶活性及血管内皮功能。     

厄贝沙坦与非洛地平对原发性高血压纤溶系统影响的比较

目的 :通过比较厄贝沙坦和非洛地平对原发性高血压 (EH)患者纤溶系统的影响 ,探讨在改善EH纤溶障碍方面厄贝沙坦是否优于非洛地平。方法 :5 3例 1、2级EH患者随机分为厄贝沙坦组 2 8例 (厄贝沙坦15 0mg/d)和非洛地平组 2 5例 (非洛地平 5mg/d) ,共服药物 2周 ,观察治疗前后血压、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (tPA)及其抑制物 (PAI 1)含量、D 二聚体 (D D)和血管性血友病因子 (vWF)水平的变化。结果 :两组患者的基本资料差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,两组患者治疗后血压均显著性下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组之间治疗前后血压相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗后两组PAI 1、vWF和D D水平均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,tPA和tPA/PAI 1比值明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组之间治疗前的tPA、PAI 1、D D和vWF含量差异均无显著意义 ,治疗后的D D和vWF水平差异也无显著性意义 ,但PAI 1含量在厄贝沙坦组减少更明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,tPA和tPA/PAI 1比值在厄贝沙坦组增加更显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :厄贝沙坦和非洛地平均能有效改善EH的纤溶障碍 ,但厄贝沙坦优于非洛地平     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂与静脉血栓栓塞

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂对促进生理和病理状况下血栓溶解有重要作用。本文就其结构、功能、活性调节、信号通路和溶栓应用作一综述。     

冬虫夏草对糖尿病大鼠纤溶系统的影响

目的 观察冬虫夏草 (CS) 对糖尿病肾病 (DN)大鼠纤溶系统功能的影响.方法 44只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组 (给予链脲佐菌素55 mg/kg体重腹腔注射),CS早期干预组及冬虫夏草晚期干预组,12 w后测体重、肾重、血糖、血肌酐 (Scr)、24 h尿蛋白等指标,光镜观察肾脏病理变化,免疫组化法分别检测组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)/纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂表达 (PAI).结果 模型组肾重、血糖、Scr、24 h尿蛋白均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),PAI表达明显高于正常对照组,体重、t-PA表达明显低于正常对照组;两干预组肾重、Scr、血尿素氮 (BUN)、24 h尿蛋白、t-PA表达均高于模型组(P＜0.05),低于正常对照组(P＜0.01),体重、PAI表达低于模型组,高于正常组,血糖较模型组无明显变化;冬虫夏草早期干预组效果优于晚期干预组(P＜0.05).结论 DN时存在t-PA/PAI失衡,冬虫夏草治疗DN的机制之一为矫正t-PA/PAI失衡.     

尿激酶治疗下肢深静脉血栓的纤溶研究

35例下肢深静脉栓塞(lower legs deep venous thrombosis,LDVT)患者,应用尿激酶治疗,探讨治疗前后纤溶酶原活性(PLG:A),纤溶酶活性(pL:A),组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA),组织纤溶酶激活物抑制物(PAI)和纤维蛋白原抗原性(Fg:Ag)的变化,结果显示PAI和Fg:Ag明显降低(P值分别<0.05和<0.001),pl:A呈显著增高(P值<0.001)。同时,下肢深静脉栓塞部分与完全再通24例(24/35例),疗效达68.5%,无1例出血与过敏。由此证实尿激酶具有明显溶栓效应,且安全可靠。     

射频消融术对纤溶系统影响的临床研究

目的通过对射频消融术(RFCA)前后纤溶系统标志物D二聚体(DD)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI-1)水平变化的观察,探讨RFCA术可致血栓栓塞的机制.方法选择45例接受RFCA的患者在插管前、完成电生理标测放电前、放电后、术后48h、术后1周对血浆DD含量、t-PA、PAI-1的抗原含量进行检测.结果所有接受RFCA者完成电生理检测放电前及放电后与插管前相比t-PA含量明显下降,DD、PAI-1含量明显升高,放电后更为明显.术后48h各项指标均有所恢复,术后1周基本恢复到插管前水平.经动脉插管消融应用肝素组与经静脉插管消融未用肝素组比较在不同时间DD、t-PA、PAI-1稍有差异,但无统计学意义.结论电生理标测及射频消融可导致低纤溶状态,是血栓栓塞的原因之一.     

永久心脏起搏治疗对儿童患者长期预后的影响

目的 了解儿童患者接受永久心脏起搏治疗的安全性及有效性,并评价其长期预后.方法 收集1977年4月1日至2011年4月1日在阜外心血管病医院接受永久心脏起搏治疗的所有患儿（≤14周岁）的临床资料.了解儿童起搏患者的基础心脏疾病、起搏器植入适应证、并发症情况以及长期预后.结果 85例患儿（男52例,女33例）接受永久心脏起搏治疗,年龄2个月～14岁,平均（8.1＆#177;4.2）岁;最常见的基础心脏疾病为先天性心脏病50例（58.8％）,其次为病毒性心肌炎8例（9.4％）,4例（4.7％）患儿合并其他基础心脏疾病（长QT综合征,室性心动过速和肥厚型心肌病）,23例（27.1％）患者无伴发疾病.起搏治疗适应证分别为房室阻滞（67例,78.8％）、病态窦房结综合征（16例,18.8％）、长QT综合征（2例,2.4％）,房室阻滞的患儿绝大多数（43例,64.2％）为外科修补术后.患儿随访1～291（73＆#177;62）个月,18例患儿失随访,随访率为78.8％.随访期间,20例（29.9％）患儿因电池耗竭更换起搏器.并发症的发生率为11.9％（13例次/109次手术）,包括导线移位（5例,4.6％）、囊袋内感染（5例,4.6％）、血肿（2例）和导线断裂（1例）.3例患儿死亡,基础心脏病均为结构性心脏病.结论 儿童患者植入永久心脏起搏器治疗是安全、有效的.应根据患者的年龄、基础心脏病等情况选择合适的导线植入途径和起搏方式.儿童患者接受起搏治疗的长期预后主要与基础心脏疾病相关.     

Parasitism in optima forma: Exploiting the host fibrinolytic system for invasion

The interaction of pathogenic bacteria with the host fibrinolytic system through the plasminogen molecule has been well documented. It has been shown, using animal models, to be important in invasion into the host and establishment of the infection. From a number of recent observations with parasitic protists and helminths, emerges evidence that also in these organisms the interaction with plasminogen may be important for infection and virulence. A group of molecules that act as plasminogen receptors have been identified in parasites. This group comprises the glycolytic enzymes enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase, in common with the plasminogen receptors known in prokaryotic pathogens. The interaction with the fibrinolytic system may arm the parasites with the host protease plasmin, thus helping them to migrate and cross barriers, infect cells and avoid clot formation. In this context, plasminogen receptors on the parasite surface or as secreted molecules, may be considered virulence factors. A possible evolutionary scenario for the recruitment of glycolytic enzymes as plasminogen receptors by widely different pathogens is discussed.     

糖尿病对永久人工心脏起搏器术起搏参数及并发症的影响

目的：观察糖尿病对植入永久人工心脏起搏器患者起搏参数及术后并发症的影响。方法：2008年6月～2011年6月80例植入永久人工心脏起搏器的病窦综合征患者,按是否有糖尿病分为糖尿病组（40例）和非糖尿病对照组（40例）。比较两组起搏器起搏参数及术后并发症。结果：基线时两组患者起搏器心房、心室起搏阈值,感知,阻抗差异均无显著性（P＞0.05）。术后12月两组起搏器各参数均有不同程度增高;与非糖尿病组相比,糖尿病组心房、心室起搏阈值[心房：（0.59±0.23）V比（0.67±0.25）V,心室：（0.47±0.28）V比（0.54±0.35） V]、感知[心房：（2.33±1.16）mV比（2.92±1.36）mV,心室：（12.21±4.82）mV比（12.77±5.36）mV]、阻抗[心房：（537.12±115.32）Ω比（662.48±235.26）Ω,心室：（602.48±222.46）Ω比（762.41±235.38）Ω]增高更为明显（P＜0.05或＜0.01）;术后并发症发生率糖尿病组明显高于非糖尿病组（12.5％比5％）。结论：合并糖尿病的病窦综合征心电重构较严重,植入永久人工心脏起搏器后并发症发生率明显升高。     

Hypoglycemic treatments and the fibrinolytic system in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus without thromboembolic manifestations

Summary The fibrinolytic system was investigated in 115 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus in good metabolic control and without thromboembolic manifestations. The patients were divided into 7 groups according to the hypoglycemic therapy: diet alone, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, phenformin, combination of the last two drugs, insulin, combination of insulin and phenformin. Our results indicate that in maturity-onset diabetes both fibrinolytic activity and inhibitors of fibrinolysis are increased. The enhanced fibrinolytic activity was not affected by different hypoglycemic drugs, whereas the main antiplasmins showed wide variations in the different treatment groups. In particular, a significant reduction of α₂M was observed in patients on glibenclamide therapy. In conclusion, our study showed that the high fibrinolytic state seems to be a constant element in diabetes, and that the different behaviors of the fibrinolytic system, reported by various authors in patients taking different hypoglycemic drugs, could be explained by the wide range of plasmin inhibitor levels observed in these conditions. This research was supported in part by CNR grant 81.00847.     

Hypoglycemic treatments and the fibrinolytic system in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus without thromboembolic manifestations

Summary The fibrinolytic system was investigated in 115 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus in good metabolic control and without thromboembolic manifestations. The patients were divided into 7 groups according to the hypoglycemic therapy: diet alone, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, phenformin, combination of the last two drugs, insulin, combination of insulin and phenformin. Our results indicate that in maturity-onset diabetes both fibrinolytic activity and inhibitors of fibrinolysis are increased. The enhanced fibrinolytic activity was not affected by different hypoglycemic drugs, whereas the main antiplasmins showed wide variations in the different treatment groups. In particular, a significant reduction of α₂M was observed in patients on glibenclamide therapy. In conclusion, our study showed that the high fibrinolytic state seems to be a constant element in diabetes, and that the different behaviors of the fibrinolytic system, reported by various authors in patients taking different hypoglycemic drugs, could be explained by the wide range of plasmin inhibitor levels observed in these conditions. This research was supported in part by CNR grant 81.00847.     

Effect of blood passage through the pulmonary circulation on fibrinolytic parameters

The lung vasculature bed has a unique fibrinolytic potential, which has not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the effect of blood passage through the pulmonary circulation on the values of fibrinolytic parameters in plasma. Forty-seven patients (16 women, 31 men, mean age 54 years, range 21–67 years) who had undergone elective cardiac catheterization were included in the study. The blood samples were taken simultaneously from the right atrium and the left ventricle. The following fibrinolytic parameters were measured: tissue-type plasminogen (t-PA) antigen and activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity, and euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT). No difference was found between the samples obtained from the right atrium and the left ventricle with respect to t-PA antigen: 8.1 (6.7–11.3) vs 8.4 (5.9–11.0)ng/ml; t-PA activity: 92 (5–680) vs 62 (32–696)IU/ml; PAI-1 antigen: 8.4 (5.5–14.3) vs 8.7 (6.2–13.1)ng/ml; and ECLT: 5.5 (4.1–9.1) vs 5.6 (4.1–8.5) 1000/min. In contrast, PAI activity decreased significantly: 7.9 (5.8–10.3) vs 7.4 (6.0–10.4)IU/ml, P 0.01. Patients with and without pulmonary hypertension did not differ in any of measured parameters, either in the right atrium or in the left ventricle. These results show that under basal conditions fibrinolytic activity which is not attributed to t-PA is elevated in lung vasculature. Further, basal fibrinolytic activity in the lungs is not influenced by pulmonary hypertension.     

纤溶活性及D-二聚体变化与老年高血压肾损害关系的研究

目的　了解纤溶活性和血、尿 D-二聚体 ( D-d)水平变化在老年高血压肾小动脉硬化症( HANS)中的作用。　方法　采用 ELISA法测定血、尿 D-d,用发色底物法测定纤溶酶 ( P∶ A)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 ( t PA∶ A)及纤溶酶原抑制剂 ( PAI∶A)活性 ,并同时用放免法测定尿微量白蛋白和光电比色法测定尿 N-乙酰 -β-葡萄糖苷酶 ( NAG)。　结果　原发性高血压 ( PH)组及 HANS组较健康对照组 P∶ A( 2 8.3 %± 1 3 .8%及 2 6.1 %± 1 3 .2 %较 4 8.8%± 1 3 .6%)和 t PA∶ A〔( 0 .3 5± 0 .1 1 )IU/ ml及 ( 0 .3 2± 0 .1 3 ) IU/ ml较 ( 0 .54± 0 .1 8) IU/ ml〕明显降低 ,PAI∶ A〔( 0 .55± 0 .1 8) IU/ ml及( 0 .78± 0 .2 1 ) IU/ ml较 ( 0 .3 6± 0 .1 1 ) IU/ ml〕和血、尿 D-d〔血 :( 0 .3 1± 0 .1 3 ) mg/ L及 ( 0 .3 8± 0 .1 4 )mg/ L较 ( 0 .1 6± 0 .1 0 ) mg/ L;尿 :( 0 .2 9± 0 .1 4 ) mg/ L及 ( 0 .52± 0 .1 3 ) mg/ L较 ( 0 .1 7± 0 .1 1 ) mg/ L〕水平显著升高 ;HANS组与 PH组比较 ,血浆 PAI∶ A、尿 D-d、尿白蛋白〔( 3 89.7± 1 1 3 .4 ) mg/ 2 4 h较( 48.4± 1 5.8) mg/ 2 4 h〕和 NAG〔( 1 6.59± 4 .87) U/ mmol Cr较 ( 1 .0 5± 0 .3 5) U/ mmol Cr〕排泄水平均明显升高 ;另外 ,P     

螺旋电极在永久心脏起搏器中的应用体会

目的探讨螺旋电板在起搏器安装术中的应用及疗效。方法对22例患者采用螺旋电板进行了心房或心室起搏器安装术。结果22例患者手术均获成功，未出现严重并发症。结论螺旋电板具有易于固定、易于操作、可以早期下床活动等优点。     

右室流出道间隔部与心尖部起搏对完全性CHB患者心功能的影响

目的:比较右室流出道间隔部(RVOTS)起搏与右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对完全性房室传导阻滞(CAVB)患者心功能的影响。方法:50例CAVB患者被随机分为RVOTS组(25例)和RVA组(25例),全部植入房室全能(DDD)型起搏器,分别观察术前,术后6个月、12个月的左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室短轴缩短率(FS)的变化。结果:所有患者以DDD模式或心房同步心室抑制(VDD)模式起搏,心室起搏比例为100%。所有患者均完成1年随访。术后6个月两组LVEF、FS无显著差异(P均>0.05);术后12个月,ROVTS组LVEF[(57.29±2.87)%比(50.03±2.98)%]、FS[(34.24±2.59)%比(29.06±3.72)%]显著优于RVA组(P均<0.05)。结论:右室流出道间隔部起搏的左室收缩功能显著好于右室心尖部起搏。