Peroperative titration of morphine improves immediate postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty

PURPOSE: To determine the Influence of peroperative titrated morphine on postoperative pain control. METHODS: Forty patients received general anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and were divided into two groups of 20. In the Peroperative group (Perop group;) morphine was titrated at the end of surgery (3 mg i.v. every 5 or 10 min) in spontaneously breathing intubated patients, until the respiratory rate (RR) decreased. No morphine was administered to Postop group. In the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) patients in Perop and Postop groups received morphine until adequate pain relief VAS < or = 30 mm. Patients used patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for the next 24 hr. In the PACU, the delay for analgesia, doses of morphine used and incidence of side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In the Perop group, patients received 10.3 +/- 1.3 mg (2-20 mg) as peroperative titration and had achieved adequate analgesia more rapidly than in the Postop group (42 +/- 7 min vs 76 +/- 7 min); P = 0.0026). Analgesia in the PACU in the Postop group required larger doses of morphine (15.4 +/- 1.5 mg;) than in the Perop group (7.3 +/- 1.3 mg; P = 0.0004). The respiratory rate decrease during peroperative morphine titration was correlated to the morphine dose needed in the PACU (P = 0.035). Respiratory depression in the PACU was more common in the Postop group than in the Perop group (five patients vs no patient P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the peroperative administration of morphine can facilitate immediate postoperative pain management.     

Intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine with or without morphine for postoperative analgesia after hip and knee arthroplasty

Postoperative pain after major orthopaedic operations can be controlled by continuous intrathecal administration of opioids or local anaesthetics. Effective intrathecal analgesia can be achieved through synergism of low doses of the two analgesic drugs and, possibly, less drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, we have evaluated the usefulness of a combined low-dose bupivacaine and morphine infusion in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Spinal anaesthesia was induced in 55 ASA I-III patients with 0.5% bupivacaine 2 ml via a 28- gauge spinal catheter (L3-4 interspace) and 0.5-ml increments were given if needed. Intrathecal 24-h infusions consisted of bupivacaine 2 mg h-1 alone (n = 18), bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 alone (n = 18) or bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 combined with morphine 8 micrograms h-1 (n = 19). The interview after 3, 6, 12 and 24 h included assessment of pain at rest and on movement (VAS scale), occurrence of sensory and motor block and nausea/vomiting. Bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 combined with an infusion of morphine provided as good postoperative analgesia as bupivacaine 2 mg h- 1, but motor block disappeared earlier (P = 0.01). Patients in the bupivacaine 1-mg h-1 group required more supplementary doses of oxycodone i.m. than the other groups (P = 0.04). Time to first oxycodone dose from the start of intrathecal infusion did not differ between groups. The frequency of nausea and vomiting was similar in all groups. In spite of this, antiemetic medication was required more often in the bupivacaine 1-mg h-1 group (possible because of opioid rescue medication). On the ward, one patient in the bupivacaine 2-mg h-1 group experienced a new increase in sensory block with concomitant hypotension. One patient in the same group had minor decubitus on the heel of the operated leg, probably because of prolonged motor block. We conclude that intrathecal infusion of a combination of bupivacaine 1 mg h-1 and morphine 8 micrograms h-1 produced adequate postoperative analgesia. Unfortunately, postoperative nausea and vomiting was a frequent disturbing adverse effect.      

超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞对全髋关节置换术患者术后镇痛的效果

目的 评价超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞对全髋关节置换术患者术后镇痛的效果.方法 择期行全髋关节置换术患者36例,年龄54～82岁,体重48～72 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=18):生理盐水组(NS组)和罗哌卡因组(R组).手术结束后30 min内行患侧超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞.R组髂筋膜腔隙注射0.25％罗哌卡因30 ml;NS组注射等容量生理盐水.阻滞完成后,采用0.01 mg/ml芬太尼行PCIA,无背景输注,PCA量2ml,锁定时间15 min.于阻滞前即刻(T0)、阻滞后3 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、8 h(T3)、12 h(T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h(T6)和72 h(T7)时,记录静态VAS评分;于T4、T5、T6和T7时,记录被动运动VAS评分;于T5、T6和T7时,记录主动运动VAS评分.记录阻滞后0～12h、12～24 h、24～48 h、48～ 72 h各时段内芬太尼用量.记录术后不良反应的发生情况.结果 与NS组比较,R组T1～T7时静态VAS评分、T4～T7时被动运动VAS评分和T5～T7时主动运动VAS评分均降低,各时段芬太尼用量减少(P＜0.05).两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全髋关节置换术患者超声引导下髂筋膜腔隙阻滞的镇痛效果好,安全性良好.     

Intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine or neostigmine for postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy and safety of intrathecal (IT) neostigmine and IT morphine in patients undergoing total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into three equal groups which received IT 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg with either normal saline 0.5 mL, neostigmine 50 microg, or morphine 300 microg. The maximal level of sensory block, duration of analgesia, time to use of rescue analgesics, the overall 24-hr and four-hour interval visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, and the incidence of adverse effects were recorded for 24 hr after administration. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in maximal level of sensory block among the three groups. The morphine group had a later onset of postsurgical pain and longer time to first rescue analgesics than the neostigmine group (P <0.05). Overall 24-hr VAS pain scores were significantly higher in the saline group vs the morphine and neostigmine groups (P <0.05). Motor block lasted significantly longer in the neostigmine group than in the morphine and saline groups (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was similar in the neostigmine and morphine groups except for pruritus (70%) occurring more frequently in the morphine group than in the neostigmine and saline groups (0%; P <0.05). Overall satisfaction rates were better in the neostigmine group than in the morphine and saline groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IT neostigmine 50 microg produced postoperative analgesia lasting about seven hours with fewer side effects and better satisfaction ratings than IT morphine 300 microg.     

超声引导下罗哌卡因复合地塞米松腰方肌阻滞对全髋关节置换术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的 研究超声引导下腰方肌阻滞中罗哌卡因复合地塞米松对全髋关节置换术后镇痛的疗效.方法 选择2019年12月至2020年12月行全髋关节置换术的患者90例,男40例,女50例,年龄65～78岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机分组的方法分成罗哌卡因复合地塞米松组(D组),罗哌卡因组(Y组)和单纯静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)组(R...     

Efficacy of a low-dose spinal morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias repair

Background:  Children undergoing hypospadias repair need to be protected from highly unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences during and after surgery. We designed a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled study to compare the efficacy of a low-dose (2 μg·kg⁻¹) of intrathecal morphine with placebo for postoperative pain control of children undergoing repair of hypospadias surgery with spinal anesthesia.
Methods:  Fifty-four children were randomly assigned to one of two spinal anesthesia groups. Group M ( n  = 27) received hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 2 μg·kg⁻¹ of preservative-free morphine and group P ( n  = 27) received hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.9% NaCl (placebo) under inhalation anesthesia. General anesthetics were discontinued subsequent to the block. The primary outcome was the presence of pain-requiring analgesics during the first 12 h after the spinal block. Side effects were also recorded. The analgesic effects were evaluated by using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale.
Results:  Forty-nine patients completed the trial. Fifteen patients (60%) in group P received supplementary analgesics within the first 12 h compared to only four patients (16.7%) in group M ( P  = 0.005). Mean duration of analgesia was 480 ± 209 and 720 ± 190 min in group P and group M respectively ( P  = 0.009). The groups were similar in postoperative side effects.
Conclusion:  Spinal anesthesia provided by hyperbaric bupivacaine is adequate for distal hypospadias repair in children, but adding 2 μg·kg⁻¹ intrathecal morphine provides better postoperative pain control when compared to placebo in these children.     

A comparison of 0.1% and 0.2% ropivacaine and bupivacaine combined with morphine for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery

Ropivacaine (ROPI), which is less toxic and produces less motor block than bupivacaine (BUPI), seems attractive for epidural analgesia. Few data are available concerning dose requirements of epidural ROPI when combined with morphine. In this study, we compared the dose requirements and side effects of ROPI and BUPI combined with small-dose morphine after major abdominal surgery. Postoperatively, 60 patients were randomly allocated (double-blinded manner) to four groups: patient-controlled epidural analgesia with the same settings using 0.1% or 0.2% solution of ROPI or BUPI combined with an epidural infusion of 0.1 mg/h of morphine. Pain scores, side effects, motor block, and local anesthetic consumption were measured for 60 h. Pain scores and the incidence of side effects did not differ among the groups. Consumption of ROPI and BUPI were similar in both 0.1% groups. Doubling the concentration significantly reduced the consumption (milliliters) of BUPI (P < 0.05) but not of ROPI. Consequently, using ROPI 0.2% significantly increased the dose administered as compared with ROPI 0.1% (ROPI 0.1% = 314 +/- 151 mg and ROPI 0.2% = 573 +/- 304 mg at Hour 48; P < 0.05). Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with the 0.1% or 0.2% solution of ROPI or BUPI combined with epidural morphine resulted in comparable analgesia. As compared with ROPI 0.1%, the use of ROPI 0.2% increased consumption of local anesthetic without improving analgesia. IMPLICATIONS: Small-dose (0.1%) ropivacaine and bupivacaine have similar potency and result in comparable analgesia and incidence of side effects.     

Comparison of 0.25 mg and 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine for analgesia after Cesarean section

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine plus NSAIDs provides satisfactory analgesia post-Cesarean section with fewer side effects than 0.25 mg intrathecal morphine. METHODS: Sixty women, scheduled for elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were randomized to receive either 0.1 mg or 0.25 mg intrathecal morphine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% and 20 microg fentanyl. All patients received a 100 mg indomethacin suppository at the end of surgery and 500 mg naproxen p.o. b.i.d. was started the evening of surgery and continued until discharge. A blinded researcher recorded the pain, pruritus, and nausea scores, the time to first request for additional analgesics, a visual analogue scale (VAS) satisfaction score, and the use of additional opioids, antipruritics, and/or antiemetics. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients enrolled, two were not included in the data analysis because of protocol violations leaving 30 patients in the 0.1 mg group and 28 in the 0.25 mg group. There were no differences in the VAS pain scores or the number of women requesting an opioid other than codeine between the two groups. The VAS pruritus scores in the 0.1 mg group were lower throughout the 24 hr (P < 0.001). Fewer women in the 0.1 mg group (4/30 vs 12/28) requested nalbuphine to treat itching (P = 0.018). Nausea scores were lower in the 0.1 mg group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine plus NSAIDs provides analgesia of similar quality to 0.25 mg but with fewer undesirable side effects following Cesarean section.     

Intrathecal morphine provides better postoperative analgesia than psoas compartment block after primary hip arthroplasty

PURPOSE: Intrathecal morphine and psoas compartment block represent two accepted techniques to provide postoperative analgesia after hip arthroplasty. We designed a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study to compare these two techniques. METHODS: Patients scheduled for primary hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an intrathecal administration of 0.1 mg morphine (Group I, n = 27) or a psoas compartment block with ropivacaine 0.475% 25 mL (Group II, n = 26). Pain scores, morphine consumption, associated side-effects were assessed for 48 hr postoperatively. In addition, patient's acceptance and satisfaction of the postoperative analgesic technique were also recorded. RESULTS: During the first 24 hr, pain scores (3.3 +/- 9.6 mm vs 22.8 +/- 27.1 at H+6, 3.3 +/- 8.3 mm vs 25 +/- 26.7 mm at H+12, 7 +/- 14.9 mm vs 21.9 +/- 29 mm at H+18) and morphine consumption (0.56 +/- 2.12 mg vs 9.42 +/- 10.13 mg) were lower in Group I than in Group II. Urinary retention was the more frequent side-effect occurring in 37% of cases in Group I vs 11.5% in Group II (P < 0.05). No major complication occurred. Despite better analgesia provided by the use of intrathecal morphine, there was no difference in the satisfaction scores between groups. CONCLUSION: 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine administration provides better postoperative analgesia than single-shot psoas compartment block after primary hip arthroplasty.     

肌肉注射帕瑞昔布钠用于全膝关节置换术病人术后镇痛的效果

目的 评价肌肉注射帕瑞昔布钠用于全膝关节置换术病人术后镇痛的效果.方法 拟行单侧全膝关节置换术的的骨关节炎病人54例,性别不限,年龄65 ～ 75岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分成2组(n=27)∶曲马多组(T组)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组).2组均采用全凭静脉麻醉.P组分别于术前12 h及术后12、24、36、48、60、72 h时肌肉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,T组在相应时间点给予曲马多100 mg.当术后镇痛无效(VAS评分＞3分)时肌肉注射哌替啶50 mg进行补救镇痛,分别记录静态和动态时镇痛无效情况.记录术后膝关节活动度达到90°的时间和心血管事件发生情况;术后7、14 d行双下肢静脉多普勒超声检查,记录下肢静脉血栓形成的发生情况.结果 与T组比较,P组静态和动态时镇痛无效率降低,术后膝关节活动度达到90°时间缩短,深静脉血栓形成发生率降低(P＜ 0.05或0.01),心血管事件发生率和肌间静脉血栓形成发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前12 h及术后间断肌肉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg可明显缓解全膝关节置换术病人术后疼痛,有助于术后关节功能的康复,且可降低深静脉血栓形成的发生.     

Intravenous regional analgesia using morphine. The effect on postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty

Background: We hypothesised that any peripheral action of morphine may contibute to improved postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of morphine administered preoperatively into an exsanguinated limb prior to total knee arthroplasty.
Methods: A randomised, double-blind, controlled study was performed in 50 patients having total knee arthroplasty surgery. Patients were divided into two groups. In the study group, 0.125 mg/kg morphine in 60 ml of saline was administered intravenously (iv) into the exsanguinated operative limb via a can-nula in the foot. A saline intramuscular (im) injection was administered into the opposite leg. The control group received 60 ml saline iv into the operative leg and 0.12 5mg/kg morphine im into the opposite leg. Pain was assessed postoperatively using a 10-point visual analogue scale and by comparing morphine requirements and demand: delivery ratios from a patient-controlled analgesic pump.
Results: We found no statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to any of the analgesic measures employed.
Conclusions: Intravenous regional analgesia using morphine provides no analgesic advantage over the intramuscular route from 6–24 h postoperatively.     

Efficacy and respiratory effects of low-dose spinal morphine for postoperative analgesia following knee arthroplasty

A randomized, double-blind study of 38 patients undergoing totalknee replacement was undertaken to compare the efficacy andrespiratory effects of low-dose spinal morphine and patient-controlledi.v. morphine against patient-controlled i.v. morphine alone.Patients received either morphine 0.3 mg or saline 0.3 mlwith 0.5% heavy spinal bupivacaine 2–2.5 ml. Respiratoryeffects were measured continuously for 14 h postoperativelywith an Edentec 3711 respiratory monitor. There was an improvementin pain relief in the intrathecal morphine group, with significantlylower median VAS pain scores on movement at 4 h (0 (median0–1.5) vs 5 (1.25–7.75) P<0.01), 12 h (2(1–5) vs 6 (3–8) P<0.01) and 24 h (3 (1–5)vs 5 (3–7) P<0.05) postoperatively, despite using significantlyless patient-controlled morphine (20 mg (10.25–26.25)vs 38.5 mg (27–51) P<0.01) in the first 24 h.There was a small but statistically significant reduction inthe median oxygen saturation (Sp_O2) in the intrathecal morphinegroup 97 (95–99)% compared with the placebo group 99 (97–99)%(P<0.05). Although marked disturbances in respiratory patternwere observed in both groups, none of the patients in the studyhad severe hypoxaemia (Sp_O2 <85% >6 min h^–1)and there was no significant difference in the incidence ofmild (Sp_O2 <94% >12 min h^–1)or moderate (Sp_O2 <90% >12 min h^–1)hypoxaemia or in the incidence of episodes of apnoea or hypopnoeain the two groups. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85: 233–7 ^* Corresponding author     

Immediate and prolonged effects of pre– versus postoperative epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and morphine on pain at rest and during mobilisation after total knee arthroplasty

Thirty–two patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive an identical epidural blockade initiated 30 min before surgical incision (N = 16), or at closure of the surgical wound (N=16). Before induction of general anaesthesia the epidural catheter was tested with bupivacaine 7.5 mg ml^-1, 2 ml. General anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone, pancuronium or atracurium, and fentanyl 0.1–0.3 mg, and maintained with N₂O/O₂ and enflurane. The epidural regimen consisted of a bolus of 16 ml of bupivacaine 7.5 mg ml^-1 plus morphine 2 mg, and continuous infusion of bupivacaine 1.25 mg ml^-1 plus morphine 0.05 mg–ml^-1, 4 mlh^-1 for the first 24 h, and bupivacaine 0.625 mg ml^-1 plus morphine 0.05 mg·ml^-1, 4 ml . h^-1, for the next 24 h after operation. Additional morphine 2.5–5 mg was administered i.v. or i.m. for the first 24 h postoperatively, and ketobemidone or morphine 5–10 mg orally or rectally from 24 h to 7 d postoperatively, on request. Paracetamol 1000 mg every 8 h was administered from 48 h to 7 days postoperatively. No significant differences were observed in request for additional opioids, or in pain scores at rest or during mobilisation of the operated limb, during or after cessation of the epidural regimen. These results do not suggest timing of analgesia with a conventional, continuous epidural regimen to be of major clinical importance in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.     

Caudal morphine for postoperative analgesia in children: a comparison with caudal bupivacaine and intravenous morphine

We compared the efficacy, duration, and side effects of preservative-free morphine injected into the caudal space in children, with caudal bupivacaine and with intravenous morphine administration for relief of postoperative pain. Forty-six children, ages 1-16 yr, were randomly assigned to receive intravenous morphine (control group), caudal bupivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg), or caudal morphine (0.5 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/kg). In half the patients given caudal morphine, the morphine was mixed with a dose of lidocaine adequate to produce sacral analgesia, to confirm correct caudal injection of the morphine. Caudal injections were performed at the end of surgery. Time until the first required postoperative intravenous morphine dose was recorded for each patient. The duration of analgesia was significantly greater with caudal morphine (median 12 hr, P less than 0.02) than with caudal bupivacaine (median 5 hr), and both were greater than with intravenous morphine in control patients (median 45 min). Urinary retention, pruritis, and nausea appeared with slightly greater frequency in the caudal morphine group, but no delayed respiratory depression occurred. Caudal morphine (0.5 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/kg) provided 8-24 hr of analgesia in children without a significantly greater incidence of side effects than caudal bupivacaine or intravenous morphine.     

Epidural clonidine enhances postoperative analgesia from a combined low-dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the value of adding clonidine to a low-dose epidural regimen for postoperative pain treatment was assessed. Twenty-four patients scheduled for hysterectomy during combined thoracic epidural (bupivacaine and morphine) and general anesthesia were studied. Postoperative analgesia consisted of epidural bupivacaine (5 mg/h) and morphine (0.1 mg/h) for 12 h. In addition, the patients randomly received clonidine (75 micrograms), followed by an infusion of 18.75 micrograms/h or saline solution (placebo) epidurally. Pain was evaluated at rest, during cough, and during mobilization every hour. Sensory level of analgesia was evaluated by pinprick. We found no significant difference in pain scores at rest between the clonidine and placebo groups but an enhanced analgesic effect by clonidine during cough and mobilization (P less than 0.05). Arterial blood pressure decreased significantly during clonidine infusion and remained lower than in the control group throughout the study. We conclude that a continuous low-dose epidural clonidine infusion enhances analgesia from a combined low-dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen after hysterectomy; however, the concomitant decrease in arterial blood pressure during epidural clonidine deserves further study before such a regimen can be recommended.     

A comparison of 0.2 and 0.5 mg intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement

The optimal dose of intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after major surgery is a matter of debate, with some uncertainty concerning the therapeutic potential and safety of intrathecal morphine in the dose range 0.3-1.0 mg. This randomised double-blind study compared the efficacy and side-effect profile of 0.2 mg and 0.5 mg intrathecal morphine in 70 patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. The primary endpoint was the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (tramadol) during the first 24 h postoperatively. Secondary endpoints included consumption of tramadol and the incidence of adverse effects. Fewer patients in the 0.5-mg group required rescue analgesia in the first 24 h than in the 0.2-mg group (16 (48%) vs 28 (85%), respectively; p = 0.003). Median (IQR [range]) tramadol consumption was lower in the 0.5-mg group than in the 0.2-mg group (0 (0-100 [0-350]) mg vs 100 (50-100 [0-350]) mg, respectively; p = 0.02). The incidence of adverse effects was similar in both groups. This study has demonstrated that 0.5 mg intrathecal morphine produces better analgesia than 0.2 mg after knee replacement without any increase in side-effects.     

Pre-emptive analgesia with epidural morphine or morphine and bupivacaine

Studies of preemptive analgesia in humans have shown conflicting results. The study design, patient population and the duration of assessment of postoperative pain are important in the evaluation of preemptive analgesia. We carried out a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study in 80 patients of physical status ASA 1-3 undergoing upper abdominal and thoracic surgery. Patients received two epidural injections, one 20 minutes before induction and the other at the end of surgery. Study solution was either morphine (50 micrograms/kg), with or without 0.1% bupivacaine in 10 ml of normal saline, or normal saline alone. The study groups (Pre M, Pre MB) were given either morphine or morphine-bupivacaine before induction and saline at the end of surgery. The control groups (Post M, Post MB) were given saline before induction and morphine or morphine-bupivacaine at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during coughing and deep breathing at six-hourly intervals for five days. Epidural morphine was given if the VAS exceeded 4. Pre MB compared to Post MB had a significantly increased interval between the analgesic top-ups (P < 0.01) and decreased total postoperative morphine requirements (P < 0.0001) and number of top-ups (P < 0.001). Pre M and Post M were comparable. Pre MB compared to Pre M had significantly decreased total postoperative morphine requirements (P < 0.0001) and number of top-ups (P < 0.0001). Epidural morphine plus bupivacaine is effective as a preemptive analgesic. Morphine plus bupivacaine has better efficacy than morphine given alone before the induction of anaesthesia.     

连续腰丛神经阻滞联合夜间单次加强用于病人髋关节置换术后镇痛的效果

目的 评价连续腰丛神经阻滞联合夜间单次加强用于病人髋关节置换术后镇痛的效果.方法 择期拟行髋关节置换术病人60例,性别不限,年龄51 ～ 75岁,体重47 ～ 77 kg,身高150～181 cm,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为术后病人自控静脉镇痛组(PCIA组)和连续腰丛神经阻滞联合夜间单次加强术后镇痛组(CLPB组),每组30例.所有病人行腰麻,手术结束前30 min,PCIA组病人上臂头静脉接病人自控静脉镇痛泵,药物配方:吗啡100mg+生理盐水稀释至100 ml,参数:首剂量0,持续量0,单次追加量2 mg,锁定时间5 min;CLPB组病人腰丛给予0.125％罗哌卡因30 ml后接镇痛泵,药物配方为0.125％盐酸罗哌卡因,持续量8 ml/h,单次追加量4 ml,锁定时间30 min,术后每晚8时追加0.25％罗哌卡因30 ml.记录术后6、12、18、24、30、36、42和48 h时病人静息及活动时VAS评分,观察恶心呕吐、瘙痒和尿潴留等不良反应的发生情况,随访总体满意情况,记录夜间由于疼痛导致睡眠中断次数和髋关节最大屈曲和外展活动度.结果 与PCIA组比较,CLPB组病人运动时VAS评分、术后恶心呕吐、瘙痒、尿潴留严重程度和夜间由于疼痛导致睡眠中断次数降低,病人总体满意度、髋关节最大屈曲和外展活动度升高(P＜0.05).结论 与术后病人自控静脉镇痛相比,连续腰丛神经阻滞联合夜间单次加强用于病人髋关节置换术后镇痛效果好,且并发症少.