前列腺病变的DNA图像分析研究

为评价ＤＮＡ图像分析技术在前列腺癌（ＰＣ）诊断中的应用价值，应用ＤＮＡ图像分析系统，对２０例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）、４５例ＰＣ进行测量和研究，观察ＤＮＡ定量分析结果与前列腺病变的组织学分级的关系。结果：２０例ＢＰＨ中无１例非整倍体出现（特异性为１００％），４５例ＰＣ中有３６例非整倍体（敏感性为８０％），ＤＮＡ定量分析的各项指标值与肿瘤的组织学分级呈正相关性。结论：ＤＮＡ图像分析技术在前列腺病变的诊断中具有辅助诊断意义。     

Stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma

Summary Stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma is defined as prostatic malignancy that cannot be identified by rectal examination and is identified only when an operative procedure is carried out for presumably benign prostatic outflow obstruction. With questions being raised as to the potential impact of transrectal prostatic ultrasonography on the detection of prostatic malignancy that is undefined by rectal examination, it is reasonable to ask whether stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma involves the same biologic hazard as clinically palpable prostatic malignancy or a lower risk. To address this question, several questions are posed.     

Flow cytometry in urologic oncology

Flow cytometers have proved to be useful research tools in cellular biology. By using these devices, rapid and objective measurements of a variety of cellular parameters can be made on a cell-by-cell basis. The application of flow cytometers to the study of urologic neoplasms is at present very preliminary. The available literature on the flow cytometric study of urologic tumors is presented and discussed.     

补体依赖-流式细胞术-淋巴细胞毒交叉配型实验方法的研究

目的提高识别介导肾移植术后严重排斥反应的抗供者HLA抗原IgG类抗体的准确性,建立补体依赖-流式细胞术-淋巴细胞毒交叉配型(Flow-CDC)实验方法。方法62例等待肾移植受者的血清,分别与33份供者淋巴细胞进行100次经典补体依赖微量淋巴细胞毒交叉配型(NIH-CDC)及Flow-CDC实验,依照受者移植前PRA分为PRA阴性组(25例)和PRA阳性组(75例),比较方法学差异;并观察5例PRA阳性受者的NIH-CDC、Flow-CDC及临床肾移植效果。结果PRA阴性组NIH-CDC与Flow-CDC均为阴性;PRA阳性组中,NIH-CDC阳性24例(32.0%),Flow-CDC阳性31例(41.3%),2种CDC方法阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.14,P=0.016)。100例CDC中,NIH-CDC与Flow-CDC结果吻合率93%,相关系数0.80。4例接受NIH-CDC和Flow-CDC均阴性的供肾PRA阳性患者,术后未发生排斥,近期效果良好;另1例PRA阳性患者接受了NIH-CDC阴性Flow-CDC阳性肾移植,术后发生加速排斥反应而丧失移植肾。结论Flow-CDC能特异性识别针对供者H...     

Double primary prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Two cases of double primary prostatic adenocarcinoma are described. A periurethral papillary adenocarcinoma coexisted with the common acinar type of cancer, which tends to arise deep in the corpus of the gland. We are of the opinion that the patterns observed in these tumors are not mere variations of one neoplasm, but rather two dissimilar growths of diverse cell origin, varried histology, and possibly also of disparate biologic potential.     

Squamous metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma

Two patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma are reported whose metastases harbored large foci of squamous cell carcinoma. The prostatic origin of such areas was proven by immunoperoxidase staining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as well as the identification of transition zones between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The possible role of estrogen therapy in inducing the squamous change is discussed.     

Penile metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma

Prostatic carcinoma metastasizing to the penis is rare. A case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastases to the penile shaft and glans penis is presented.     

Subdural metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes and bones, with occasional visceral deposits; lesions in the brain are rare. Although leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to prostatic tumor has been reported, discrete cranial dural metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma have not been described previously. The case of a patient having a unique adenocarcinoma of the prostate with bone, lymph node, and subdural metastatic lesions is presented.     

Chylous ascites from prostatic adenocarcinoma

Chylous ascites secondary to malignancy is usually associated with lymphoproliferative disorders such as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Other neoplasms include carcinoma of the pancreas, stomach, breast, ovary, carcinoid, kidney, and prostate. Chylous ascites secondary to carcinoma of the prostate is, however, extremely rare. The prognosis in these patients is usually poor and most patients die within a few months after diagnosis.     

前列腺特异性膜抗原和前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌组织中的表达

目的：观察并比较前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在不同前列腺为组织中的表达差异；比较组织PSMA与PSA对前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：采用ABC三步法免疫组织化学染色方法，用PSMA和PSA单克隆抗体对70例前列腺癌（PCA）、21例前列腺上皮内瘤（PIN）、20例前列腺良性增生（BPH）组织进行染色。结果：PSMA在前列腺癌组织中明显高表达，PSA则在前列腺良性增生组织中高表达；组织PSMA对前列腺癌的阳性检出率明显高于PSA。结论：PSMA是较PSA更具特异性的前列腺癌瘤标，可望取代PSA成为诊断前列腺癌的新型瘤标，并在前列腺癌免疫治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Flow cytometry in feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma

A case of feminizing adrenal cortical neoplasm is presented in which automated flow cytometry determination of deoxyribonucleic acid content was used to confirm malignancy.     

Activated Ki-ras oncogene in human prostatic adenocarcinoma

The role of cellular oncogenes in the development of human prostate cancer has not been extensively studied. A search for activated oncogenes was undertaken by testing DNA isolated from prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues for transforming activity in a 3T3 transfection assay. A transforming sequence homologous to Ki-ras was detected in one of the samples. DNA from the other cancers was negative in the transformation assay, suggesting that the activation of oncogenes, at least those detectable by the 3T3 transfection assay, is not a frequent event in prostate cancer. Amplification of genomic oncogene sequences in prostatic tissues was also examined, but amplification of Ki-ras, Ha-ras, c-myc, N-myc, c-sis, or c-fos was not detectable in any of the samples.     

Ectopic ACTH production in disseminated prostatic adenocarcinoma

The second fully documented case of ACTH-producing prostatic adenocarcinoma with elevated plasma and tissue levels of ACTH is presented. The distinguishing characteristics of ACTH-producing extrapituitary neoplasms and the various modes of therapy are discussed.     

Mitotic activity and prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma

Mitotic figures were quantitated by two different methods (number of mitotic figures in 10 high power fields, MI; number of mitotic figures/mm² of neoplastic epithelium, M/V) in a series of 303 prostatic adenocarcinomas, and the results were related to clinical and histological features as well as to prognosis. Gleason score and mitotic indices were significantly interrelated. Invasive T3–4 tumors showed higher mitosis counts than did the local ones, and metastasis at the time of diagnosis was related to mitotic indices as well. Progression and progression-free survival were related significantly to Gleason score and mitoric indices. In univariate survival analysis, T-category, M-category, Gleason score, MI, and M/V were significant prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of survival were M-category, T-category, Gleason score, patient age, and the M/V index. If the Gleason score was not included, M/V included all the available prognostic information in T1–2M0 carcinomas. The results show that, in addition to the conventional Gleason grading system, mitotic indices are useful prognostic parameters while evaluating the long-term prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma.     

Radical prostatectomy in stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma

A total of 76 patients (18 with stage A1 and 58 with stage A2 cancer) underwent radical perineal prostatectomy. No perioperative deaths occurred and no patient suffered rectal injury or was incontinent postoperatively. Five patients (3 with stage A1 and 2 with stage A2 disease) had negative surgical specimens, while 6 (4 with stage A1 and 2 with stage A2 cancer) had a single microscopic focus in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Outcome was assessed by first evidence of disease recurrence as a function of the Gleason sum and the local anatomical extent of disease. Of 41 patients 4 (9.7 per cent) with organ-confined disease failed at 2.5, 2.6, 4.3 and 11.9 years. None of 11 patients with specimen-confined disease failed, and 6 of 24 (25 per cent) with positive margins failed at 0.9, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 and 8.0 years. Radiation after an operation for margin-positive disease did not seem to alter the incidence of failure. The distribution frequency of the Gleason sum was noted to shift to a higher total sum as the extent of local disease increased. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the failure rate of patients with organ-confined and organ-nonconfined disease with a Gleason sum of 7 or less versus greater than 7 demonstrated an advantage for those with a sum of 7 or less (p less than or equal to 0.018).     

血管生长素在前列腺癌和前列腺良性增生组织中的表达

目的研究血管生长素（angiogenin，ANG）在前列腺癌和前列腺良性增生组织中的表达及其与前列腺癌生物学行为的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法对68例前列腺癌组织和38例前列腺良性增生组织标本ANG蛋白的表达进行检测，并对不同的年龄组、病理分级、临床分期之间的表达差异通过统计学分析进行比较。结果免疫组化实验显示阳性染色为棕黄色和深棕色颗粒。ANG在前列腺癌组织中表达显著高于前列腺良性增生组织（P〈0.01）。ANG表达随前列腺癌患者临床分期的升高而上调（P〈0.05）;随着肿瘤组织Gleason病理分级的增加而呈升高趋势（P〈0.05）;而在不同年龄组前列腺癌患者之间ANG表达无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论前列腺癌组织中ANG的表达在判断前列腺癌侵袭性、估计其预后中有一定意义。     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra

Three cases of papillary carcinoma of the prostate (also called endometrial adenocarcinoma of the prostate; endometrioid carcinoma) were studied for prostate-specific antigen in order to determine their origin and histogenesis. All 3 cases were prostate-specific antigen positive. Two patients were treated with hormonal therapy, 1 with radiotherapy.