镇海区乡村热水供应点的现状与管理对策

我区的乡镇农村，热水供应服务行业越来越常见。由于其价格低、便民，又确实迎合了农村消费者的生活需求，受到了农村消费者的欢迎。然而，这些热水供应点在便民的同时，又存在了诸多的卫生、安全问题。为此，我区卫生监督所会同区有关部门，于今年上半年对全区的热水供应点进行了专项调查与整治，将热水供应行业纳入了规范化管理。     

浅谈医院利用中央空调节能改造技术回收余热

医院主要是使用中央空调进行供冷,热水供应主要是使用锅炉的燃煤、燃油、燃气和电.随着全球能源价格急剧上升,大大增加了医院运行成本,余热回收技术是改造中央空调利用回收热生产热水供应,是一项节能新型技术,在我国得到广泛应用.     

太阳能-水源热泵热水系统在医院洗浴热水中的应用

近年来,各地以各种形式支持节能减排,水源热泵系统作为一种新型能源,也逐渐成为节能的主流冷热源,水源热泵热水系统代替锅炉制热水也逐渐被热水用户接受。结合空调系统设计,某工程洗浴热水系统采用太阳能间接加热热水系统,并以水源热泵机组作为辅助热源。这种热水设备可以减轻热水制备对于日趋紧张的燃料供应的依赖和节能减排压力,降低热水制备的成本。     

浅谈医院热水系统经济运行

医院患者住院热水洗澡供应方法现有多样,如用液化气热水器、电热水器、太阳能热水、锅炉供热水、热泵热水机组,经记录实际运行方案比较,目前来看,热泵热水方案在南方来讲,是最方便最经济的方案.     

太阳能在卫生单位的有效利用

当今世界，全球气候变化、环境恶化、资源紧缺已成为世界性难题。党中央、国务院高度重视节能降耗、污染减排工作。本文就太阳能热水系统和电加热设备替代蒸汽锅炉实现节能减排，解决热水供应、食堂供餐、灭菌消毒等医疗卫生单位后勤保障问题，值得借鉴。     

新型、高效供暖系统职业病危害因素控制效果评价

运用评价指数对某小区采用的区域集中供热锅炉为热源的分户计量供暖和热水供应系统的职业病危害因素控制效果评价。     

卢湾区学校饮水器卫生学调查

随着人们卫生意识的增强和生活质量的提高 ,对生活饮用水的卫生要求也越来越高。学校供应学生的饮水正逐步由桶装净水取代沙滤水 ,针对饮水器供应的净水卫生状况 ,我们进行了专项调查。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　随机抽取上海市卢湾区供应桶装净水的 12所学校的饮水器。1.2　方法　每所学校抽查饮水器 1台 ,对该台饮水器冷、热水龙头做环节采样 ,并对通过冷、热水龙头的净水采样 5 0 0ｍｌ,做微生物检验。2　结果2 .1　环节采样检测情况　对饮水器冷、热水龙头做环节采样 ,送实验室 2 4份样品 ,微生物检验结果均合格。2 .2　水样检测情况　桶…     

饮用水管道系统中金属元素对嗜肺军团杆菌生长的影响

饮用水管道中含有多种金属元素,而嗜肺军团杆菌经常存在于饮用水管道尤其是热水供应管道中。本文研究饮用水管道中的金属环境及其对嗜肺军团杆菌生长的影响。     

再造生产流程降低医院服务成本

福建省肿瘤医院几年来通过深入调研、不断创新和稳步推进，后勤改革取得一定成绩自2003年开始医院通过再造生产流程，对热源供应采用“电锅炉替代油锅炉”、“太阳能中央热水系统”和“空气源热泵热水系统”技改方案；对到年限的公务车拍卖、公务车定额包干等进行改革，从而降低了成本，使医疗服务效益最大化．     

冬季养生护双脚

常言道:人老腿先老,腿老从足始。脚底部的血管离心脏最远,血液供应少,足部常因经脉阻滞,肌肤失养,出现皱裂、冻疮等病症,因此,注意脚的保养十分重要。 1.热水浸泡法 天天洗脚,胜过吃药养成每晚睡前洗脚的好习惯。用40℃—42℃度热水,以浸过脚脖处为宜,浸泡20至30     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.