乙型慢性活动性肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群白细胞介素一2受体的初探

应用间接免疫荧光法，放射免疫分析法，微量细胞培养法及斑点杂交技术，检测了２７例乙型慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ一Ｂ）患者及７例正常对照者ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８及Ｂ细胞膜上白细胞介素一２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ，ＣＤ２５抗原为其β链），各亚群细胞培养上清及病人同期血清中可溶性白细胞介素一２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ），ＣＤ＋４细胞培养上清中ＩＬ一２活性。结果：ＣＡＨ－Ｂ病人外周血ＣＤ２５抗原阳性的ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８细胞及Ｂ细胞较正常对照者减少，且ＣＤ２５抗原阳性的ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８细胞减少较Ｂ细胞明显；ＣＤ＋细胞培养上清中ＩＬ一２活性较正常人降低，并与病情的轻重、ＣＤ＋４细胞ｍＩＬ一２Ｒ的表达呈正相关；ＣＡＨ－Ｂ病人血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高，但培养上清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ与正常对照无显著性差异。结果提示：ＣＡＨ一Ｂ病人外周血ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８及Ｂ细胞ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ表达均减弱；ＣＡＨ－Ｂ病人体内Ｔ细胞免疫应答功能受损可能较Ｂ细胞受损明显；ＣＡＨ－Ｂ病人体内ＩＬ一２产生水平低下与病情轻重有某种关联；ＣＡＨ一Ｂ患者血清中增高的ｓＩＬ一２Ｒ可能来自肝内浸润的免疫活性细胞ｍＩＬ－２Ｒβ链脱落。     

胸腺肽α1治疗重症肝炎的免疫调节研究

为了解日达仙的免疫调节作用,选取１８例下肝炎病人用日达仙（Ｔα１）治疗,并在治疗前后检测内毒素（ＬＳＰ）、肝瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、白细胞介素２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）、白细胞介素４（ＩＬ－４）、白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）、及Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ８＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋）。结果治疗前ＬＳＰ、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＩＬ－６、ＣＤ８＾＋均增高９Ｐ〈０．０１）,而ＩＬ－４及ＣＤ４＾＋降低。经Ｔα１治疗后ＬＳＰ、ＴＦ、ＩＬ－２     

LAK细胞治疗慢性乙,丙型肝炎疗效及免疫机制研究

报道应用自体ＬＡＫ细胞回输治疗１１０例慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）和２０例慢性丙型肝炎（丙肝）的结果。疗程结束时慢性乙肝治疗组ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转率、抗－ＨＢｅ阳转率和ＨＢｖＤＮＡ阴转率分别为４６，４％、３５．５％和４８．２％，与对照组相比明显提高（Ｐ均〈０．００５）；２ｏ例慢性丙肝经治疗后抗－ＨＣＶ阴转２例（１０％），ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转４例（２０％），而对照组维持不变。进而对ＬＡＫ治疗的免疫机制进行探讨，结果发现ＬＡＫ治疗后ＣＡＨ患者ＣＤ＋４阳性率、ＣＤ＋４／ｃＤ＋８比值均增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），外周血单个核细胞膜白细胞介素－２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ）和血清中可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平也明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

抗－HCV阳性原发性肝癌患者LAK活性、IL－2及SIL－2R水平观察

抗－ＨＣＶ阳性原发性肝癌患者ＬＡＫ活性、ＩＬ－２及ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平观察张方信，邓芝云，梁守德，于兰我们对６２例抗ＨＣＶ阴、阳性ＰＨＣ病人的ＬＡＫ活性、白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）及可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平进行观察，旨在研究ＨＣＶ在ＰＨＣ...     

IL-2、IL-6及其受体与多发性骨髓瘤的研究

采用固相放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）和双抗体夹心酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,对多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ）患者进行血清白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）,白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）,白细胞介素８受体（ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ）检测,并进行长期随访。结果ＭＭ患者血清ＩＬ０２、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＩＬ－６、ｓＨ－６Ｒ水平明显升高,ＩＬ－２与２微球蛋白＊β２－ＭＧ）呈负相关,ＩＬ－６,ｗＩＬ－８Ｒ与β－ＭＧ呈正相关,初诊时血清ｓＩ     

HLA部分不相合异基因外周血干细胞移植造血重建

目的：了解ＨＬＡ部分不相合异基因外周血干细胞移植（ＡＬＬｏ－ＰＢＳＣＴ）后造血功能重建情况,及在发生严重移植物抗宿主病（ＧＶＨＤ）时对造血功能的影响。方法：对患者移植后的血象、骨髓象,生化指标进行动态观察并分析结果。结果：移植后,＋ １３ ｄ 白细胞达２．２×１０９／Ｌ;＋ ２０ ｄ 骨髓增生活跃;＋ ４６ ｄ ＡＢＯ 血型、ＭＮ 血型、ＨＬＡ表型、ＨＬＡ ＤＮＡ分型均转为供型者,显示移植物植入成功。＋ １０ ｄ 开始出现ＧＶＨＤ征象,＋ ２９ ｄ 达ＧＶＨＤⅢ度,经用马抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白（ＡＴＧ）、ＣＤ３ 单抗、ＣＤ２５单抗后,症状消失。同时造血功能明显受抑。结论：①ＡＬＬｏ－ＰＢＳＣＴ造血重建过程中,应用Ｇ－ＣＳＦ可促使移植干细胞加快分化、增殖。②发生严重ＧＶＨＤ后,用ＡＴＧ等药物抑制Ｔ细胞,同时减少Ｔ细胞分泌ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ等相关细胞因子,致造血功能受抑制。     

肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者血清IL-2、sIL-2R、IL-6、T细胞亚群的变化及相互关系

目的研究肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者ＩＬ－２、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＩＬ－６、Ｔ细胞亚群的变化和相互关系。方法分别采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法、ＡＢＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法和红细胞花环实验,对４６例肝炎肝硬化和肝癌进行了ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和Ｔ细胞亚群的测定,并与６６例健康献血员进行了对照。结果肝炎肝硬化（ＬＣ）、肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）患者血清ＩＬ－２、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８水平明显低于正常对照（ＮＣ）组（Ｐ＜００１）,而ＩＬ－６、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显升高,ＨＣＣ组的平均ＩＬ－６水平高出正常１０倍以上,较肝硬化组明显升高（Ｐ＜００１）。在肝炎肝硬化和肝癌患者均发现ＩＬ－２与ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值、ＩＬ－６与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ正相关,ＩＬ－６与ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值显著负相关,而与ＩＬ－２无相关关系。结论肝炎肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者存在免疫功能紊乱和低下、淋巴因子网络失衡,这与其病理生理机制有关,也为临床上ＬＣ、ＨＣＣ应用ＩＬ－２治疗提供了理论依据。ＩＬ－６的显著增高有助于ＨＣＣ的早期诊断     

HBV感染与肝癌患者血清可溶性IL—2受体及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

用ＥＬＩＳＡ及ＡＰＡＡＰ法分别检测了３９例乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者、１５例者ＨＢＶ感染的肝癌患者及２０例正常人的血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群结果显示,肝癌及ＨＢＶ感染者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。吕患者及ＨＢＶ感染者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８与对照相比均有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而肝癌与ＨＢＶ感染者相比无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示ＨＢＶ感染者及肝癌     

急性心肌梗塞病人血清sIL—2R水平,mIL—2R和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨急性心肌梗塞发病中免疫指标的变化。方法应用单克隆与多克隆双抗体夹心法检测６６例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）病人发病后第１周内血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的变化，同时检测外周血淋巴细胞膜白细胞介素－２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果ＡＭＩ病人血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显增高，ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ表达明显降低，与对照组比较差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。发病后第１ｄ至第７ｄ，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高和ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ表达降低一直比较明显。ＡＭＩ病人ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），以第１ｄ降低最明显，以后逐渐升高，ＣＤ８于第７ｄ恢复正常。４ｄ内死亡者和伴有室性心律失常（ＶＡ）者上述指标变化更明显。结论血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平、ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ表达和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化与ＡＭＩ病情和预后有密切关系。     

糖尿病合并肺部感染时免疫功能改变及防治感染的重要性

目的 从免疫功能变化探讨糖尿病患者肺部感染的防治。方法 动态观测糖尿病及其合并肺部感染患者治疗前后可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）、膜性白细胞介素－２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ）、自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４、ＣＨ５０等免疫指标的变化。结果 （１）糖尿病及其合并肺部感染组ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ显著高于正常对照（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＮＫ细胞活性、ＣＤ４     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.