广州市越秀区5 891名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况调查

目的 了解广州市越秀区小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为防治工作提供参考.方法 检查广州市越秀区5 891名7～12岁小学生的恒牙患龋情况.结果 5 891名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋率为7.28%,女性患龋率高于男性(P＜0.01),下颌患龋率高于上颌(P＜0.01),充填率为16.94%.结论 第一恒磨牙是小学生龋齿防治的重点,必须重视早期检查治疗.     

广东省青少年第一恒磨牙患龋情况分析

目的 调查分析广东省青少年第一恒磨牙患龋情况，为防治对策提供依据。方法 通过调阅了1995年广东省口腔流行病学调查中有关青少年第一恒磨牙健康状况的资料。结果 抽查地区为广州市城乡、珠海市城乡、韶关市城乡。调查人数6396人，调查牙数为25584颗，龋失补数8434颗，患龋率在18.86～56.99%之间，平均为32.79%，高于近年国内一些地区所报告的患龋率。结论 我省青少年的第一恒磨牙健康状况令人忧虑。     

乳牙龋预测恒牙龋队列对照研究

本研究目的即为判断乳牙龋是否能预测恒牙龋及其准确率。材料和方法504个来自北京郊区3～5岁的儿童参加了1992年7月～10月的第一次口腔检查。他们的年龄、性别及社会经济水平(socio-eco-nomicstatus熏SES)分布均衡,饮水中平均氟浓度低于0.226ppm。2000年12月这群儿童中的362人(11～13岁)参加了第二次口腔检查,失访率为28%。两次口腔检查的环境一样,两名检查者在北京WHO合作培训中心受过培训,标准一致性试验Kappa值为0.86和0.88。结果和讨论本研究结果乳牙患龋率为83%,龋均dmft为6.1±4.7,dmfs为12.5±12.4,恒牙患龋率为41%,DMFT及DMFS…     

新疆乌鲁木齐市7~9岁维吾尔族儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况调查

目的：了解新疆乌鲁木齐市7~9岁维吾尔族儿童第一恒磨牙患龋状况,为新疆维吾尔族儿童口腔卫生保健提供参考。方法：参照第3次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案,按照世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》,由2名口腔科医师对新疆乌鲁木齐市1600名7~9岁维吾尔族儿童第一磨牙患龋情况进行检查并记录,采用SPSS16.0软件包进行数据分析,对检查结果进行χ²检验与t检验。结果：新疆维吾尔族儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率为26.50%,龋均0.44,其中女孩患龋率为30.00%,恒牙龋均0.47,男孩患龋率为22.98%,恒牙龋均0.41,女孩患龋率高于男孩(P<0.05)。随着年龄增长,维吾尔族儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率逐渐升高,9岁儿童患龋率显著高于7岁和8岁儿童(P<0.05)。结论：新疆乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族小学生的第一恒磨牙患龋情况较为严重,应加强对维吾尔族儿童口腔卫生保健的早期健康宣传与指导。     

重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况及相关因素分析

目的 调查分析重庆市城乡10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况并分析相关因素,为儿童龋病防治工作提供依据,并为实施有针对性的口腔健康教育提供建议。方法 2018年3—5月间,采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市3个区及3个县共18所学校5 057名儿童进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为39.2%,龋失补牙数为0.84±1.20;龋齿充填率为3.4%,窝沟封闭率为6.1%。第一恒磨牙患龋率在男女之间、城乡之间、独生子女和非独生之女之间、少数民族和汉族之间的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）,窝沟封闭率在城乡之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：每天刷牙次数、吃甜点次数、睡前吃甜点/喝牛奶、是否独生子女、父母学历是龋病发生的独立影响因素。结论 重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率高,窝沟封闭率及龋齿充填率较低,城乡差异较大,儿童口腔健康知识匮乏,存在不良口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯,要加强儿童口腔健康教育,将口腔健康宣教落实到学校,提高在校儿童口腔保健知识水平,缩小城乡差异。     

四川省6岁儿童乳恒牙患龋状况及相关性研究

目的了解四川省6岁儿童患龋情况,探讨乳磨牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋之间的相关性。方法参照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案,在四川省3个城市、3个农村随机抽样选取调查点,共调查714名6岁儿童的患龋情况,并分析乳磨牙患龋情况与第一恒磨牙患龋情况之间的相关性。结果四川省6岁儿童乳牙患龋率为74.37%,龋均为3.94±3.93,龋齿充填率为4.96%。乳牙患龋率和龋均在男性和女性、城市和农村儿童间无统计学差异（P>0.05）,城市乳牙龋齿充填率高于农村（P<0.05）。已萌的第一恒磨牙中有2.98%患龋,充填率为7.69%。乳磨牙患龋是第一恒磨牙患龋的危险因素[P=0.001,r=0.175,OR=5.756,95%CI（1.733,19.121）],乳磨牙与第一恒磨牙的龋均呈弱相关（P<0.001,r=0.194）。结论四川省6岁儿童乳牙患龋情况较重,乳磨牙龋坏可作为临床及预防工作中预测第一恒磨牙龋坏的因素之一。     

唐山市7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋状况及相关性研究

目的 了解唐山市7~9岁儿童患龋情况,探讨第一恒磨牙患龋与乳牙患龋之间的相关性。方法 参照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》和《第三次全国口腔健康调查方案》,采用分层整群随机的抽样方法,在唐山市51所小学中随机选取10所小学作为调查点,对被调查的1 794名7~9岁学生进行患龋情况检查。结果 第一恒磨牙患龋率为47.49%（852/1 794）,龋均为1.30±1.59,龋面均为1.96±3.40,龋齿充填率为2.35%（20/852）。第一恒磨牙患龋率和龋均在不同性别及年龄组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）,龋面均仅在年龄组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。乳牙患龋率为83.11%（1 491/1 794）,龋均为4.82±3.55,龋面均为6.51±5.61,充填率为12.41%（185/1 491）。乳牙患龋是第一恒磨牙患龋的危险因素[r=0.277,OR=5.736,P=0.00,95%CI（4.175,7.881）],乳牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋呈显著相关（r=0.274,P<0.001）。结论 唐山市7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况严重,乳牙龋可作为临床及预防工作中预测第一恒磨牙龋坏的危险因素。     

重庆市10～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况及相关因素分析

目的 调查分析重庆市城乡10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况并分析相关因素,为儿童龋病防治工作提供依据,并为实施有针对性的口腔健康教育提供建议。方法 2018年3—5月间,采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市3个区及3个县共18所学校5 057名儿童进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为39.2%,龋失补牙数为0.84±1.20;龋齿充填率为3.4%,窝沟封闭率为6.1%。第一恒磨牙患龋率在男女之间、城乡之间、独生子女和非独生之女之间、少数民族和汉族之间的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）,窝沟封闭率在城乡之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：每天刷牙次数、吃甜点次数、睡前吃甜点/喝牛奶、是否独生子女、父母学历是龋病发生的独立影响因素。结论 重庆市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率高,窝沟封闭率及龋齿充填率较低,城乡差异较大,儿童口腔健康知识匮乏,存在不良口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯,要加强儿童口腔健康教育,将口腔健康宣教落实到学校,提高在校儿童口腔保健知识水平,缩小城乡差异。     

不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的：通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定，分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法：随机抽取成都市6－7岁儿童169名，其中无龋儿童（dmft=0)84名，龋敏感儿童（dmft≥85)85名，采用KaVo DIAGNOdent激光光脱硫测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝，颊沟的脱矿程度，将所得数据进行统计分析。结果：龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿（P＜0．01），两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异（P＞0．05），双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位（P＜0．001）。结论：激光荧光法是一种有价格的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关，应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙，特别是双下颌第一磨牙及早采防龋措施。     

不同龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙早期脱矿定量分析

目的 :通过对混合牙列上下颌第一恒磨牙龋易感部位脱矿程度的定量测定 ,分析乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期脱矿之间有无相关性。方法 :随机抽取成都市 6～ 7岁儿童 169名 ,其中无龋儿童 (dmft=0 ) 84名 ,龋敏感儿童 (dmft≥ 5 ) 85名 ,采用KaVoDIAGNOdent激光荧光脱矿测定仪测定样本双侧上颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、舌沟以及双侧下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝、颊沟的脱矿程度 ,将所得数据进行统计分析。结果 :龋敏感儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿明显大于无龋儿童第一恒磨牙的早期脱矿 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,两组儿童左右侧第一恒磨牙相同点位脱矿程度无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,双下颌第一恒磨牙中央窝的脱矿测定值明显高于其它各点位 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :激光荧光法是一种有价值的定量诊断早期龋的方法。乳牙列龋病情况与第一恒磨牙早期龋之间有显著正相关 ,应对乳牙龋敏感儿童的年轻恒牙 ,特别是双下颌第一恒磨牙及早采取防龋措施     

Development of caries in permanent first molars adjacent to primary second molars with interproximal caries: four-year prospective radiographic study

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of the primary second molars' distal surface caries on the incidence of the permanent first molars' mesial surface caries in 613 paired tooth surfaces of children ages 6 to 8 years at baseline examination. METHODS: Proximal caries and its progression were diagnosed by bite-wing radiographs taken at a 1-year interval over a period of 4 years. The permanent first molars' mesial surfaces and primary second molars' distal surfaces were examined. Recorded were: (1) sound surfaces; (2) carious lesions on the enamel's external and internal half and on the dentin's external, middle, and internal third; (3) filled, extracted, and exfoliated teeth. The logistic model for panel data was employed to estimate the effect of proximal caries of the primary second molars' distal surfaces on the incidence of the permanent first molars' mesial surface caries. The 95% confidence interval probability was used. Sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive and negative predictive rates were computed. RESULTS: The results showed that the presence of proximal caries on each primary second molars' distal surfaces significantly affected the development of proximal caries on the corresponding permanent first molar's mesial surfaces. Age was estimated to exert a positive and highly significant impact, while gender had no effect. The odds ratio values ranged from 4.86 to 63.43. The values of sensitivity and specificity ranged from 45% to 97% and 80% to 89%, respectively, while the positive and negative rates ranged from 40% to 56% and 90% to 99%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal caries present on the primary second molars' distal surfaces increases the risk of developing caries on the permanent first molars' mesial surfaces. This risk, however, is different among the paired surfaces studied.     

部分去龋法治疗恒磨牙深龋的疗效观察

目的:探讨部分去龋治疗恒磨牙深龋的临床疗效.方法:对102颗恒牙深龋进行部分去龋法结合树脂严密充填,随访6个月以上,评价其牙髓存留率及治疗主观感受.结果:随访到的97颗患牙中,90颗充填物完好,牙髓活力正常,治疗成功率为92.8％;79.9％的患者治疗感受为轻度不适或无反应.结论:部分去龋法治疗恒牙深龋,可以减少牙髓暴露的风险,减轻患者治疗时的不适,获得较好的充填治疗效果,值得临床推广.     

Influence of deciduous caries on the caries rate of permanent first molars

J Evid Base Dent Pract 2001;1:167-9     

Surface-specific caries incidence in permanent molars in Danish children

Clinical data on caries incidence rates based on a long follow-up period are scarce in the dental literature. The purpose of the present study was to describe caries incidence rates in first and second permanent molars in Danish children. The study was based on data reported to a central national registry maintained by the Danish National Board of Health. From this registry, records from more than 50,000 children born in 1980 and followed for 12 to 15 yr were used. Data on first and second molars were analyzed at both tooth and surface level using non-parametric methods for interval-censored data. Caries incidence rates rose slightly as a function of age for both first and second molars during the entire follow-up period. The observation made earlier by others, of a peak in caries incidence rates 2 to 4 yr after emergence, was not confirmed by the present study.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of approximal subsurface caries lesions in deciduous molars

The present study examines the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of early approximal subsurface enamel caries lesions and subjacent dentin reactions in deciduous molars. Twenty-three extracted primary molars were embedded in Technovit 9100 and serial sections were cut using a saw microtome. Forty approximal lesions were found and investigated using polarized light microscopy for the identification of the different zones of the caries lesion. These zones were then reconstructed three-dimensionally using computer-aided 3D reconstruction methods and the dimensions and volumes of the translucent zone, the body of the lesion, and the dentin lesion were calculated. The enamel demineralization index was defined as the ratio between the translucent zone and the body of the lesion, whereas the enamel–dentin demineralization index was defined as the volumetric ratio of the early dentin lesion to the body of the enamel lesion. The 3D reconstruction of the lesions showed extremely heterogeneous micromorphological features of zone profiles. In enamel lesions, the results demonstrated a decreasing enamel demineralization index with increasing size of the lesion, which indicates a high risk of further caries progression. The enamel–dentin demineralization index indicated, in 5 out of 17 dentin lesions, a high risk of further caries progression. Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and volumetric assessment of initial caries lesions in deciduous molars represents a valuable methodology in pathogenesis studies, which may lead to a better clinical understanding of caries progression. Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 10 September 1998     

The morphological study of experimental caries produced in rat molars

Since there is some disagreement over the validity of using the rat for various experiments of relevance to dental caries in the human. The process of carious formation in the lower first and second molars of the rat was observed histologically. 120 new born Wistar rats were divided into two groups, one on a carious diet and the other on a standard diet. Both control and experimental animals were killed at preselected intervals namely 1 week, 4 weeks and 7 weeks after weaning. The maxillary and mandibular tooth bearing segments were removed and fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium. After clinical examination and assessment of the caries status made with the aid of a binocular microscope, the material was sectioned without decalcification and prepared for light, electron, or microradiogram. From the results it was concluded that, 1. The caries process in the rat is extremely rapid much faster than in the human for example complete breakdown of the crown occurs within 28 days of weaning. 2. Frequently destruction of the dentin occurs before mineral loss is detectable in the enamel. 3. Rarely are any of the characteristic features of the early human caries lesion, such as the surface zone, body of the lesion, the dark zone and the translucent zone, to be found. 4. When a surface zone is visible, the dentine is usually in an advanced state of destruction. 5. The histopathology of rat caries does not therefore follow the same pattern as in the human. It is deduced that the reasons for these differences with the human lesion are due to. a) Rat molar enamel is extremely thin being only 100 microns in the thickest part of the fissure enamel whereas it is 2.5mm in the human. b) Rat molar enamel has a lower mineral density than the outer two thirds of human enamel, and is even lower (2.74) than the average value for the inner layer deciduous human enamel. (2.85-2.92) (Weidmann, et al., 1967) c) Rat enamel is extremely porous allowing easy diffusion of fluid and dyes. d) This porosity may be related to incomplete maturation of the enamel when the teeth erupt.     

The effectiveness of preventing caries in the first permanent molars

A total of 297 children aged 5-7 whose first permanent molars appeared in various periods were followed up. Local prevention of caries was carried out in these children with Soviet fluorine lacquer and sealing of fissures and anatomic hollows in molar masticatory surface. The efficacies of these two prevention methods proved to be different. In children whose first permanent molars appeared early or late fissure closing with vitacryl proved to be effective whereas in those whose molars appeared in time both methods were effective.