去细胞异体神经桥接面神经缺损的实验研究

目的为修复面神经缺损寻找一种理想的材料。方法40只大鼠随机分成去细胞异体神经移植组和自体胫神经移植组，制成面神经缺损模型，分别以去细胞异体神经和自体神经移植修复。术后5个月分别行神经电生理、再生神经及下唇肌肉免疫组化等检测．结果两组的运动功能恢复、再生神经形态及数量、神经肌肉接头重建等相似（P〉0．05）结论去细胞异体神经有可能用于修复面神经缺损。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进肌皮瓣神经恢复的实验研究

目的研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对肌皮瓣营养神经再恢复的作用. 方法 30只Wistar大白鼠,随机分为bFGF实验组、等渗盐水对照组、bFGF全身用药组.建立腓肠肌皮瓣模型,保留动静脉带,离断支配神经,再将神经断端行端端吻合.实验组术后从肌皮瓣基底留置硅管注射200 U/ml的bFGF,0.1 ml,1次/d,连续2周,同时等渗盐水组从硅管内注入0.1 ml等渗盐水,bFGF全身用药组从健侧肌肉内注射等量的bFGF 200 U/ml,12周后行腓肠肌皮瓣及再生神经的组织学检查及肌皮瓣肌肉、皮肤内神经组化染色检查. 结果实验组肌肉及皮肤组织内神经末梢灰度、数密度、面密度各项与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而等渗盐水组与全身用药组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 bFGF持续局部用药明显促进周围神经再生、肌皮瓣肌肉营养及皮肤感觉功能的恢复.     

大鼠坐骨神经缺损后组织工程人工神经对外周靶器官及脊髓神经元的保护作用

目的 研究嗅球成鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cell,OEC)-雪旺细胞(Schwann cell,SC)-细胞外基质成分(extracellular matrix,ECM)-聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(DLlactide-co-glycolide acid),PLGA]桥接体对大鼠坐骨神经缺损后外周靶器官及脊髓神经元的保护作用.方法 建立SD大鼠右侧坐骨神经15 mm缺损模型后,用OEC、SC、ECM以及自行制备的PLGA导管,构成OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA桥接体进行修复,同时设OEC-ECM-PLGA组、SC-ECM-PLGA组、ECM-PLGA组、PLGA组和自体神经移植对照组.在术后1,3,6,9周行腓肠肌湿重恢复率及运动终板检测,并于术后9周行CM-Dil和霍乱毒素B亚单位-辣根过氧化物酶(CB-HRP)逆行示踪检测.结果 术后各组动物术侧腓肠肌湿莺和运动终板数量下降,3周后除ECM-PLGA组和PLGA组外,腓肠肌湿重和运动终板数量逐渐增加.9周时OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA组腓肠肌湿重、运动终板数量及运动终板长轴长度与自体神经移植组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).9周时CM-DiI和CB-HRP逆行示踪结果显示,OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA组标记的脊髓前角运动神经元数量与自体神经移植组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA桥接体对大鼠坐骨神经缺损后的外周靶器官及脊髓神经元具有一定的保护作用.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗喉返神经损伤实验研究

目的通过建立喉返神经损伤(recurrent laryngeal nerve injury)动物模型,探讨自体骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植对喉返神经损伤的治疗效果。方法随机数字表法将40只SD大鼠分成两组,每组20只。对全部大鼠手术复制喉返神经损伤动物模型。一组大鼠骨髓,培养、分化骨髓间充质干细胞后,自体进行干细胞移植为实验组。另一组为生理盐水注射对照组。建立模型3 d后,将BMSC诱导后的类神经细胞0.2 ml注射移植至大鼠左侧喉返神经损伤处,于移植后7、14、21、28、60 d,观察喉返神经电生理指标。结果实验组和对照组喉返神经损伤后均有不同程度的失神经和神经再生现象。移植14 d后实验组与对照组喉返神经电生理检测的潜伏期和波幅平均值分别为(1.78±0.41)ms与(2.36±0.16)ms(t=5.72、P<0.01)和(0.69±0.09)mV与(0.46±0.07)mV(t=8.18、P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。60 d后实验组与对照组喉返神经电生理检测的潜伏期和波幅分别为(0.93±0.03)ms与(1.16±0.18)ms(t=5.50,P<0.01)和(1.33±0.18)mV与(1.04±0.20)mV(t=4.64、P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对喉返神经损伤有促修复作用,治疗效果明显。     

许旺细胞植入去细胞异体神经修复大鼠面神经缺损

目的 观察体外分离、培养的许旺细胞对去细胞异体神经修复面神经长距离缺损的促进作用. 方法 30只大鼠随机分成A组、B组和c组(每组10只),制成而神经缺损12 mm模型,分别以去细胞异体神经联合许旺细胞、去细胞异体神经和自体神经移植修复.术后5个月分别行神经电生理、再生神经形态及数量等检测. 结果 A组神经肌肉动作电位的波幅恢复率(术侧/健侧)为(35.8±2.5)%,潜伏期恢复率(健侧/术侧)为(65.8±2.9)%;神经移植段再生轴突数为(1 570±188)个,髓鞘厚度为(0.383±0.031)μm.A组的各项指标优于B组(P<0.05),与C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 许旺细胞植入去细胞异体神经可促进面神经长距离缺损的修复.     

去细胞神经同种异体移植的运动功能恢复

目的 研究去细胞同种异体神经移植修复大型哺乳类动物粗大和长段周围神经缺损的效果。方法 15只犬分为去细胞神经同种异体移植组（实验组）6只、自体神经移植组（对照组Ⅰ）6只、新鲜神经同种异体移植组（对照组Ⅱ组）3只。右侧坐骨神经主干造成5cm长缺损，分别以上述三种神经移植物桥接修复，术后6个月进行步态分析。结果 实验组和对照组Ⅰ功能恢复一般情况相似，对照组Ⅱ无任何恢复；实验组和对照组Ⅰ的右后肢运动及步态周期非常相似，踝关节跖屈及背伸肌群的肌力均有一定程度的恢复，但不及正常犬。结论 化学去细胞神经同种异体移植修复犬坐骨神经长段缺损，在术后6个月近期运动功能恢复与自体神经移植相似。     

神经碎片联合NGF在自体神经外膜小间隙修复周围神经损伤

目的 研究神经碎片联合神经生长因子在自体神经外膜小间隙桥接法中修复周围神经损伤中的作用.方法 SD大鼠150只,体重200 ～ 250 g,随机分成5组,每组30只.对照组:传统端端吻合法缝合;单纯自体神经外膜小间隙组:自体神经外膜小间隙桥接法缝合;神经碎片组:小间隙中加入神经碎片;神经生长因子(Nerve Growth Factor NGF)组:小间隙中加入NGF;神经碎片联合NGF组:小间隙中加入神经碎片和NGF.术后4,6,8周,各组随机选取2只大鼠,观察肢体自主活动、足底溃疡愈合情况和神经断端吻合处形态.术后8周,各组随机抽取8只大鼠,进行组织学观察和神经电生理检测.结果 实验组大鼠开始自主活动,足底溃疡开始愈合时间早;实验组神经生长良好,小间隙外膜仍然保持完整,无神经瘤形成,无明显塌陷破裂,可见到均匀分布的再生神经纤维,神经纤维数目和神经传导速度有差异.结论 自体神经外膜小间隙桥接法修复周围神经损伤要优于传统神经外膜吻合法.在自体神经外膜小间隙加入神经碎片和NGF对周围神经的修复有显著促进作用,神经碎片与NGF的联合效果要明显优于单独使用.     

脑源性神经营养因子转基因细胞移植和甲基强的松龙对损伤脊髓caspase-3表达的影响

目的 探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后腺病毒介导的脑源性神经营养因子（AxCA-BDNF）体外转基因成肌细胞移植和静脉内注射大剂量甲基强的松龙（MP）对大鼠脊髓细胞caspase-3表达的影响。方法 将120只大鼠分为脊髓挫伤组（A组）、脊髓挫伤后AxCA-BDNF基因转染的成肌细胞移植组（B组）、脊髓挫伤后静脉内注射大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗组（C组）、AxCA-BDNF基因转染的成肌细胞移植和静脉内注射大剂量，甲基强的松龙治疗组（D组）。伤后1，3，7，14，28d，应用免疫组化法对脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡caspase-3蛋白表达的测定，并采用计算机图像分析技术进行定量分析。应用行为学和电生理检查方法观察大鼠运动功能恢复情况。结果A、B、C、D四组中均发现凋亡caspase-3蛋白阳性表达细胞；各组caspase-3免疫反应阳性细胞数依次为A〉B〉C〉D组（P〈0．05），与大鼠后肢功能恢复有平行的变化趋势。结论 体外转基因成肌细胞移植和大剂量甲基强的松龙能抑制脊髓损伤后的细胞凋亡。     

全置入式音频电刺激器对冻融肌移植体中神经再生的作用

目的：了解电场对神经在自体肌移植体中再生的作用,方法：在体自冻融骨骼肌移植体桥接免坐骨神经1．0cm缺损时应用全置入式音频电刺激器,分别在4,8,12周观察移植体外形及表面血管情况,神经组织学,神经电生理,神经免疫组织化学和透射电镜等指标。结果：持续性的音频电刺激早期即可促进神经轴突长入移植物（4周）,神经再生面积实验组优于对照组（P＜0．01）,并使移植物血管化加快,8周后则移植体及受区附近瘢痕形成增多,但12周时实验组移植体中轴突髓鞘化程度明显,图像分析神经再生面积大于对照组,结论：脉音频电场可促进神经在自体冻融肌移植体中的再生过程。     

神经断端肌内埋置恢复运动功能的实验观察(附临床1例报告)

作者从1981年5月至1983年9月进行了神经断端肌内埋置恢复运动功能的实验研究。实验用40只雌雄健康兔,分两组。将甲组左腓总神经从肌肉止点稍深处切断,分3束分别埋于伸趾长肌、胫前肌及腓骨长肌内。将乙组左腓总神经切除1.2cm长的一段,从右侧腓总神经切取1.4cm游离移植至左侧,埋置方法同甲组。实验结果发现,实验后两个月埋置神经断端肌肉运动开始恢复,至6个月肌力达到4级以上,电刺激可诱发肌肉收缩反应。肌电图检查显示混合性干扰电位。组织学检查可见新生的运动终板。临床应用1例,术后6个月复查肌力恢复是满意的。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.