Hybrid hamstring graft tibial fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Tibial fixation of the anterior cruciate ligament hamstring tendon graft is commonly considered more problematic than femoral fixation. When interference screws are used for tibial hamstring tendon graft fixation, graft sometimes looses its tension, so a hybrid fixation (more than one method of fixation) must be applied. Biomechanical studies show that an implementation of interference screws combined with different indirect distal hamstring tendon fixation techniques can withstand much higher tearing forces when compared with one type of fixation. We made a technique of hybrid tibial fixation of the hamstring graft using round interference screws and an additional bi-cortical 4.5-mm diameter screw with a modified head that allows control over the initial tension of the graft.     

Minimal tibial tunnel enlargement after anatomic rectangular tunnel anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the tibial tunnel enlargement after the anatomical rectangular tunnel (ART) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) graft and to elucidate the correlation between the enlargement and length of the tendinous portion inside the tibial tunnel. In addition, we aimed to analyze the correlation between patient characteristics and tibial tunnel enlargement.MethodsThis study included 50 patients who underwent ART ACLR. Lateral radiographs at the time of surgery and at 2 years were compared to evaluate the tibial tunnel enlargement. Subsequently, correlations between the tunnel enlargement and (1) length of tendinous portion inside the tibial tunnel or (2) characteristics of the patients, including anterior knee laxity measured by KT-1000 arthrometer, age, sex, height, body weight, and Tegner activity level scale, were analyzed.ResultsThe tibial tunnel was enlarged by 2.6 ± 4.2% 2 years postoperatively. The length of the tendinous portion inside the tibial tunnel was 7.8 ± 4.9 mm. There was no significant correlation between tunnel enlargement and length of tendinous portion inside the tunnel. None of the patient characteristics were detected as a risk factor for tibial tunnel enlargement.Conclusions(1) The postoperative tibial tunnel enlargement was minimum after ART ACLR with a BTB graft. (2) There was no correlation between tibial tunnel enlargement and length of tendinous portion of BTB graft inside the tunnel. (3) None of the patient characteristics were detected as a risk factor of the tibial tunnel enlargement.     

Positioning of the tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Two mechanisms of unintentioanl anterior tibial tunnel axis shift can occur despite accurate placement of the guide wire within the proximal tibia. The first results from using a short-block reamer head joined to a shaft of smaller diameter. If the tibial tunnel is drilled obliquely, it is possible for the reamer head to displace anteriorly in the knee joint before completion of the posterior portion of the tibial tunnel. The second mechanism of anterior shift involves using two sequential drills to create the tibial tunnel. To delineate the causes of this unwanted shift, cadaveric studies and special roentgenographic studies were undertaken. Results demonstrated that the shift is related directly to the presence of high-density bone in the tibial plateau. In an effort to minimize this effect, various drill designs were tested, and it was determined that a drill-head length of 25 mm was most effective at reducing the shift without sacrificing the freedom of movement necessary to obtain precise endosteal placement of the femoral tunnel. Along with these experimental studies, a retrospective 7-year review of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failures was performed to assess the clinical significance of inadvertent anterior positioning of the tibial tunnel.     

Ideal tibial tunnel length for endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

A successful single-incision endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft requires attention to many technical details. The emphasis of placing the femoral bone plug flush with the opening of the femoral tunnel results in distal shift of the graft. Longer tibial tunnels are required to prevent excessive graft extrusion. The purpose of this study is to compare four direct and indirect measurement methods of tibial tunnel preparation to determine which method can be used to create consistently reproducible tibial tunnels that prevent excessive extrusion or recession of the graft within the tunnel. Tunnels placed at the empiric angles of 40 degrees, 50 degrees, and 60 degrees to the tibial plateau resulted in the incidence of acceptable tibial tunnel lengths of 44%, 83%, and 39%, respectively. Tunnels placed at an angle determined by the formula "N + 7" where 7 degrees is added to the patellar tendon length (N) resulted in acceptable tunnels 89% of the time. Direct measurement methods using the formulas "graft - 50 mm" and "N + 2 mm" resulted in acceptable tibial tunnels of 44% and 100%, respectively. We recommend using the "N + 7" in conjunction with the "N + 2 mm" formula to obtain the advantages of both indirect and direct measurement methods.Arthroscopy 1998 Jan-Feb;14(1):9-14     

Muscle and tendon morphology after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft

BACKGROUND: The autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft is the first choice of many orthopaedic surgeons when reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament. The effect that graft harvest has on muscle and tendon morphology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe these effects more completely. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were acquired from eight patients before the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft and then again postoperatively after they had returned to sports. Muscle and tendon morphology was described by determining the volume and peak cross-sectional area of each structure on digitally reconstructed images. The effects that the procedure had on muscle and tendon length were evaluated separately and then together as a muscle-tendon complex. RESULTS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft resulted in a marked decrease in volume, cross-sectional area, and length of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles. Tendon regeneration occurred in varying degrees in nearly all subjects. The morphology of the biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles suggested that they had been compensating for the reduced semitendinosus and gracilis muscle function. Although semitendinosus and gracilis muscle retraction occurred following tendon stripping, nearly all of the subjects displayed evidence of at least partial tendon regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft had a marked impact on semitendinosus and gracilis muscle morphology. However, this altered muscle morphology did not appear to have a clinically important impact on short-term outcomes. The biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles appear to compensate for reduced semitendinosus and gracilis function. Tendon regeneration is observed in most people, but it is often incomplete at six months.     

Morphometric changes in tibial tunnel after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by autogenous bone-patella tendon-bone graft]

The author evaluated morphometric changes in the tibial tunnel of 24 patients, aged 18-46 years, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. The evaluation comprised the width and shape of the tunnel, the age of the patient and clinical outcome within 6 to 16 months post surgery. Morphometric analysis was based on radiograms done in antero-posterior and lateral view. Clinical evaluation was based on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC). The shape of the bone tunnel was evaluated according to Peyrache et al. Statistical analysis was performed by using Wilcoxon paired ranked test, Mann-Whitney test and t-Student test. The results show that the width of the tibial tunnel after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenic bone-patellar tendon-bone graft increased in a statistically significant way, but it didn't affect the functional result of the operation. Change dynamics is greatest during the first 6 months post surgery, and the range of changes may be age-dependent.     

Definitive landmarks for reproducible tibial tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The purpose of this prospective study was to define constant anatomic intraarticular and extraarticular landmarks that can be used as definative reference points to reproducibly create a tibial tunnel for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction that (1) results in an impingement-free graft in full extension without an intercondylar roofplasty; (2) positions the tibial tunnel's intraarticular orafice sagittally central in the original ACL insertion without visually guessing; (3) positions the tibial tunnel such that the sagittal tunnel-plateau angle is parallel with the sagittal intercondylar roof-plateau angle in full extension to minimize shear seen by the graft at the tibial tunnel inlet, and by doing so; (4) maximizes tunnel length to avoid patellar tendon graft-tunnel length mismatch allowing for endosteal interference screw fixation on both sides of the joint. Anatomic dissections in 50 knees showed the ACL sagittal central insertion point on the intercondylar floor averages 7 mm (range 7 to 8 mm) sagittally anterior to the anterior margin of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with the knee flexed 90° such that the PCL may be used as a reliable reference landmark for locating the ACL sagittal central insertion. This constant relationship was found to be independent of knee size. Extraarticularly, beginning the tibial tunnel sagittally 1 cm above the superior (sartorial) border of the pes anserinus insertion and coronally 1.5 cm posteromedial from the medial margin of the tibial tubercle along the superior surface of the pes, directed toward the sagittal central ACL insertion, led to a sagittal tunnel-plateau angle that averaged 68°(range 64° to 72°) with a corresponding tunnel length that averaged 58 mm (range 50 to 65 mm) in 23 knees. This data correlated well with data obtained clinically in a series of 50 consecutive ACL reconstructions using intraarticular PCL and extraarticular pes anserine-medial tibial tubercle referenced tibial tunnels in which postoperative full extension lateral radiographs confirmed a sagittal tunnel-plateau angle parallel or near parallel with the intercondylar roofplateau angle in all cases averaging 68° ± 3.8°. Tibial tunnel length averaged 60 mm (range 52 to 66 mm) and in no case was there a patellar tendon autograft-tunnel length mismatch.     

The effect of isometric graft posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on anterior tibial translation

Eight fresh-frozen cadaver knees were studied to evaluate whether an isometrically placed posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft restores normal posterior tibial translation without overconstraining anterior tibial translation. Each knee was tested with a three-axis load cell in the intact state, after PCL sectioning, and after PCL reconstruction. After PCL reconstruction, posterior tibial displacement was restored to values observed in the intact state for all flexion angles except 60 degrees and 90 degrees. Anterior tibial translation was not significantly changed for any of the three states. These results indicate isometric reconstruction of the PCL significantly reduces posterior tibial translation without overconstraining anterior tibial translation.     

Trantibial anterior cruciate ligament double bundle reconstruction technique: two tibial bundle in one tibial tunnel

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of two functional bundles that behave independently throughout the range of knee motion. Many two-bundle reconstruction techniques have been introduced to restore the function of the two bundles of the ACL. Generally, two femoral and two tibial tunnels are made during the surgery for a two-bundle ACL reconstruction. However, the procedure is technically demanding and time consuming. This paper describes one-tibial-two-femoral ACL double bundle reconstruction technique with a sextuple-stranded hamstring autograft. The anteromedial femoral tunnel is made using transtibial drilling technique and posterolateral femoral tunnel is made using outside-in technique. The two bundles in a single tibial tunnel are separated using biodegradable interference screw. Stable and adequate femoral fixation of the two bundles with a transtibial fixation and bioabsorbable screw can be obtained. This technique is relatively simple, and replicates the anatomy and differential behavior of the two native bundles of ACL more effectively.     

The effect of bone tunnel dilation versus extraction drilling on the initial fixation strength of press-fit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Introduction Serial dilation of the bone tunnel has been reported to create a tighter graft-tunnel fit. It was hypothesized that a serial dilation of the femoral bone tunnel would increase the initial fixation strength in press-fit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. Materials and methods Initial fixation strength of the femoral press-fit fixation technique was investigated in 72 porcine specimens in an ex vivo study by varying the femoral tunnel preparation technique. Extraction-drilling, tunnel dilation by 1 mm and dilation by 2.5 mm were assessed. Initial fixation strength of press-fit fixated patellar tendon–bone grafts was tested within each preparation group conducting a single cycle (and cyclic) load to failure protocol. The resulting tunnel diameter and the porcine femoral bone mineral density were determined using microradiographs and peripheral quantitative CT scans, respectively. Results Dilating a previously extraction-drilled femoral bone tunnel by 1 mm significantly enhances initial press-fit fixation strength in both single cycle and cyclic load to failure testing when compared to extraction-drilling and tunnel dilation by 2.5 mm. Due to an initial spring-back effect the resulting diameter of the femoral tunnel was underestimated by 3.3% with drilling and 6.7 and 12.2% with dilation by 1 and 2.5 mm, respectively. Volumetric trabecular bone mineral density at the site corresponding to the area of tunnel placement averaged 318 mg/cm3. Conclusion Dilating a femoral tunnel that is underdrilled by 1 mm appears to be a reasonable technical procedure in order to enhance initial fixation strength of press-fit ACL graft fixation.     

胫骨平台后倾角对前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性的影响

目的 评估胫骨平台后倾角与前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性的关系.方法 选取2010年10月至2011年6月收治的年龄45岁以下单侧前十字韧带完全断裂行前十字韧带重建的40例患者进行回顾性研究.男28例,女12例;年龄14～44岁,中位年龄22岁.随访时间24-37个月,平均27.5个月.依据术前MRI测量的胫骨内侧和外侧平台后倾角分别将患者分为三组:后倾角＜3°组,后倾角3°～5°组,后倾角≥5°组.以末次随访时KT-1000侧侧差值评估膝关节的前向稳定性,＞5 mm为移植物失效,计算失效率,比较三组移植物失效率的差异.采用Pearson相关检验确定胫骨平台后倾角与KT-1000侧侧差值的相关性,利用受试者工作特征曲线和逻辑斯蒂回归计算内侧和外侧平台后倾角致移植物失效的阈值及其敏感度、特异度.结果 术前MRI测量内侧后倾角4.6°±2.8°,外侧后倾角4.2°±3.4°.内、外侧后倾角≥5°组的移植物失效率均高于后倾角＜3°组,差异有统计学意义.内侧、外侧平台后倾角均与KT-1000侧侧差值呈线性相关(r=0.43,P=0.01;r=0.36,P=0.02).内侧或外侧平台后倾角每增加1°,移植物失效的风险分别增加1.76倍和1.68倍.当内侧平台后倾角＞5.6°或外侧平台后倾角＞3.8°时,移植物失效的风险显著增加.结论 胫骨平台后倾角与前十字韧带重建术后膝关节前向稳定性呈正相关.增大的平台后倾角是术后移植物失效的高危因素,内侧和外侧阈值分别为5.6°和3.8°.     

The influence of femoral tunnel length on graft rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

For ACL reconstruction, the minimum length of the femoral tunnel and the flexor tendon graft length needed within the tunnel for proper integration have not been defined. The aim of this study was to assess whether a short tunnel is a risk factor for poor prognosis and re-rupture by comparing the outcomes of patients with short femoral tunnels to those of patients with longer tunnels.

Materials and methods

A retrospective observational study of 80 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using flexor tendons via the medial transportal or transtibial technique was performed. Patients were categorized according to the amount of graft within the tunnel: ≤1.5 versus >1.5 cm; ≤2 versus >2 cm; ≤2.5 versus >2.5 cm; and ≤1.5 versus >2.5 cm. Patients were evaluated 2 years after surgery by performing a physical examination (Lachman, pivot shift and anterior drawer tests), using a KT1000 arthrometer, calculating objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee scores, conducting the Lysholm score, and recording re-ruptures.

Results

Of the 80 operated patients, nine were lost to follow-up. Comparative assessment of the patients with different amounts of graft within the tunnel indicated no significant differences in the evaluated outcomes, except for positive Lachman test results, which were more frequent in patients with tunnels with ≤2 cm of graft than in those with tunnels with >2 cm of graft.

Conclusion

The amount of graft within the femoral tunnel does not appear to be a risk factor for clinical instability of the knee or re-rupture of the graft. Level of evidence: case series, level IV.

Level of evidence

Case series, level IV.

     

Technical Note: Double tibial tunnel using quadriceps tendon in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Summary: To avoid complications related to the use of patellar tendon and hamstring (semitendinosus and gracilis) tendon and to create a more anatomic reconstruction, we present a new technique based on the use of quadriceps tendon placed in a single half femoral tunnel and double tibial tunnels. The graft, harvested by a central longitudinal incision, possesses the following characteristics: (1) a bone plug 20 mm long and 10 mm in diameter; (2) a tendon component 7 to 8 cm long, 10 mm wide, and 8 mm thick; and (3) division of the tendon longitudinally into 2 bundles while maintaining the patellar insertion. Every bundle has a width and thickness of approximately 5 mm and 8 mm, respectively. The total length of the graft is 9 to 10 cm. A 10-mm half femoral tunnel is drilled through a low anteromedial portal with the knee flexed at 120°. A suture loop is left in place in the half tunnel. A double tibial tunnel is drilled in a convergent manner (from outside to inside) obtaining an osseous bridge between the 2 tunnels. Two suture loops are passed trough the tibial tunnels and retrieved in a plastic cannula (10 mm) positioned in the anteromedial portal to allow the passage of the 2 bundles in the tibial tunnels. The suture loop left in the half tunnel permits the transportation of the bone plug in the femoral tunnel. Fixation is achieved by an interference screw at the femoral side and by 2 absorbable interference screws (1 for each tunnel). The advantages of this technique are a more cross-sectional area (80 mm²), greater bone-tendon interface, and a more anatomic reconstruction. Theoretically, easier bone incorporation, decreased windshield wiper and bungee effect, fewer donor site problems, and less tunnel enlargement can also be possible.     

The effect of soft-tissue graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on graft-tunnel motion under anterior tibial loading

Purpose: To compare the motion of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement graft within the femoral bone tunnel (graft-tunnel motion) when a soft-tissue graft is secured either by a titanium button and polyester tape (EndoButton fixation; Acufex, Smith & Nephew, Mansfield, MA) or by a biodegradable interference screw (Biointerference fixation; Endo-fix; Acufex, Smith & Nephew) An additional purpose was to evaluate the effect of the graft-tunnel motion on the kinematics of ACL-reconstructed knees and in situ force of the ACL replacement graft. Type of Study: Biomechanical experiment using an in vitro animal model. Methods: ACL reconstruction with a flexor tendon autograft was performed in 8 cadaveric knees of skeletally mature goats. The knee kinematics and the in situ force in the ACL replacement graft in response to anterior tibial loads were evaluated using the robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system. The longitudinal and transverse graft-tunnel motion during anterior tibial loading was determined based on radiographic measurements parallel and perpendicular to the femoral bone tunnel, respectively. Results: In response to an anterior tibial load of 100 N, the longitudinal graft-tunnel motion for EndoButton fixation and Biointerference fixation was 0.8 ± 0.4 mm and 0.2 ± 0.1 mm, respectively (P < .05), whereas the transverse graft-tunnel motion was 0.5 ± 0.2 mm and 0.1 ± 0.1 mm, respectively (P < .05). Furthermore, the anterior tibial translation for EndoButton fixation (5.3 ± 1.2 mm) was also significantly larger than that for Biointerference fixation (4.2 ± 0.9 mm) (P < .05). With both fixations, however, no significant difference between the in situ forces in the ACL replacement graft and that in the intact ACL could be detected. Conclusions: EndoButton fixation of a soft-tissue graft via an elastic material resulted in significantly larger graft-tunnel motion, and consequently, greater anterior knee laxity compared with more rigid fixation using an interference screw closer to the intra-articular entrance of the bone tunnel. In terms of force distribution, the ACL replacement graft in both fixations still functioned as a primary restraint to an anterior tibial load close to the intact ACL.     

胫骨骨道定位对前交叉韧带单束重建的影响

[目的]探讨胫骨骨隧道定位对前交叉韧带单束重建术后临床疗效的影响.[方法]将60例前交叉韧带断裂患者随机分为对照组和观察组.对照组胫骨骨隧道内口采用外侧半月板游离缘的切线与前后髁间突连线的交点定位;观察组选择原前内侧束和后外侧束中间位置定位.术后矢状位MRI测量胫骨骨道位置、胫骨纵向位移、后交叉韧带指数、膝关节功能评分进行分析评价.[结果]对照组和观察组胫骨骨道分别位于胫骨平台全长的前(38.67±4.23)％和(34.21±2.46)％.胫骨纵向位移为(11.14±2.64)mm和(14.34±2.23)mm,上倾角为(56.2±4.3)°和(44.6±5.2)°,后交叉韧带指数为(3.97±0.45)和(4.78±0.78);两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t检验,P＜0.05).术后1年,对照组与观察组IKDC膝关节主观评分分别为(79.63±4.67)分和(89.76±5.21)分;Lysholm评分分别为(85.61±4.92)分和(92.54±3.22)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t检验,P＜0.05).[结论]前交叉韧带单束重建能使患者的关节稳定性与功能均得到显著改善.膝关节MRI测量可较客观、准确地反映胫骨的骨道定位情况.理想的胫骨骨道在矢状位MRI上位于胫骨平台的前(34.21±2.46)％.     

前交叉韧带重建胫骨栓桩与挤压螺钉固定的比较

[目的]评估膝关节前交叉韧带损伤胫骨栓桩固定及可吸收挤压钉固定的疗效。[方法] 2011～2016年治疗膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者61例,股骨骨道均以Endobutton固定,其中胫骨骨道栓桩固定25例,胫骨骨道可吸收挤压钉固定36例,手术前后行Lachman试验、IKDC和Lysholm评分,以评估手术疗效。[结果] 61例患者均顺利接受手术,术中无血管神经损伤等严重并发症。术后栓桩组平均随访(13.62±1.23)个月,挤压钉组随访(14.72±1.16)个月。末次随访时栓柱钉组25例患者和挤压钉组36例患者均无明显疼痛、交锁和打软腿症状,前抽屉试验、轴移试验及Lachman试验均为阴性。两组的ROM均随时间延长有所增加,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),不同时间点两组间ROM的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6、12个月时两组的KT-1000值均较术前显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组术后6个月与12个月的KT-1000值差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。相同时间点两组间KT-1000值的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着时间延长,两组患者的Lysholm评分和IKDC 2000评分均显著增加,两组患者不同时间点的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但相同时间点两组间Lysholm评分和IKDC2000评分的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]前交叉韧带重建胫骨骨道可吸收挤压螺钉固定与皮质骨螺钉栓桩固定术后均取得较好疗效,两组相比较无明显差别,胫骨侧栓桩固定也是一种可靠的固定方法。     

Femoral and tibial tunnel position using a transtibial drilled anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique

This study evaluates the position of the femoral tunnel, which is achieved using a transtibial, single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction technique. The radiographs of 50 consecutive, primary single-bundle ACL reconstructed knees using this technique were reviewed. The angle between the femoral tunnel and the apex of the intercondylar notch was recorded. The average angle from the 12-o'clock vertical position to the femoral tunnel was 49 degrees (range, 39 degrees-59.2 degrees; SD = 3.9), corresponding to the 10:20 position on a clock face for a right knee. These results demonstrate that it is technically possible to create an obliquely oriented single-bundle femoral tunnel at approximately the 10:20 position through a tibial tunnel angled approximately 60 degrees from the proximal tibial joint surface. This correlates to a femoral tunnel approximately midway between the anteromedial and posterolateral bundle origins of the ACL.     

关节镜下多股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建前十字韧带的临床应用

目的探讨应用自体半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建前十字韧带(anteriorcruciateligament,ACL)的方法与疗效。方法对30例ACL损伤患者行关节镜下半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱ACL重建术。半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱均取自同侧,其中25例应用半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱进行重建;5例单纯应用半腱肌腱。将肌腱反复折叠为长约8.5cm的4～5股,在距两端2.5cm处分别用丝线编织捆绑缝合,用直径为7～8mm,长20～25mm的SoftSilk型挤压螺钉于屈膝20°～40°位固定,等长重建ACL。合并损伤于先期或同期治疗。结果术后随访7～30个月,平均15.9个月。所有患者术后4周膝关节均达正常活动范围。X线片显示24例内固定物位置良好,5例股骨侧和1例胫骨侧位置明显偏前。12例胫骨隧道和8例股骨隧道轻度扩大,无骨隧道明显扩大的病例。26例术后Lachman试验≤Ⅰ度,27例轴移试验阴性或Ⅰ度,Lysholm评分平均为87.5分,较术前平均54.5分显著增高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。Tegner运动评级平均为5.2级,较术前平均2.8级有所增高。结论关节镜下挤压螺钉固定自体多股半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱重建ACL是治疗急、慢性ACL损伤的较好的方法。     

前交叉韧带重建术胫骨端两种固定方法的比较

[目的]比较单独应用带鞘界面螺钉或联合运用带鞘界面螺钉与门型钉固定前交叉韧带胫骨骨道远端的临床效果。[方法]回顾性分析2014年1月~2016年8月71例接受前交叉韧带重建的患者。按胫骨固定方式分为两组,单螺钉组37例,采用单一带鞘界面螺钉固定胫骨侧;联合组34例,采用带鞘界面螺钉联合门型钉固定胫骨侧。比较两组围手术期、随访与影像资料。[结果]71例患者均成功接受手术,术中未出现神经和血管损伤。两组手术时间、住院时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单螺钉组的住院费用稍低于联合组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组患者的Lachman试验、轴移试验均转为阴性。所有患者随访12~24个月,平均(14.13±2.54)个月。末次随访时,两组共71例患者中,除带联合组3例患者仍有跪地疼痛外,其他患者均无明显交锁、疼痛打软腿等症状,所有患者生活均可自理。末次随访时两组患者的Lachman试验、轴移试验结果、伸屈ROM、IKDC2000评分和Lysholm评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后影像学检查示两组患者膝关节骨道位置良好。[结论]单纯使用界面螺钉固定与联合使用界面螺钉与门型钉在术后膝关节功能、膝关节稳定性方面效果相当,然而,联合使用界面螺钉与门型钉可能与术后跪地疼痛有关。