冷循环射频消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗不宜手术切除的肝癌的临床意义

目的探讨冷循环射频消融(RFA)联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)治疗不宜手术切除的肝癌的重要性。方法 80例中晚期肝癌患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为射频治疗组(40例)和联合治疗组(40例)。射频治疗组患者只进行RFA治疗;联合治疗组则采用TACE和RFA联合治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果射频治疗组治疗3个月、6个月、1年的复发率明显高于联合治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);射频治疗组患者生存期为3~51个月,平均生存期(25±9)个月;联合治疗组患者生存期3~85个月,平均生存期(40±15)个月,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TACE和RFA联合治疗对于不宜手术切除的肝癌患者疾病治疗更具优势,在改善患者的远期生存情况方面具有更好的治疗效果,适合医生在临床上优先选择使用。     

TACE联合CT引导射频消融治疗原发性中小肝癌30例

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性中小肝癌的临床应用价值.方法 对30例原发性中小肝癌患者行TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗.结果 30例患者共38枚病灶,行TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗,2枚病灶局部复发,成功率94.7％.术后随访12～48个月,患者生存良好,无严重并发症发生.结论 TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗中小肝癌是一种安全、微创、有效的方法,值得推广应用.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合超声引导下射频消融治疗大肝癌的疗效分析

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合超声引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌的临床疗效。方法选择2009年2月-2012年6月该院收治的大肝癌患者共120例,按不同治疗方法分为TACE治疗组42例、RFA治疗组40例及TACE联合RFA治疗（联合组）38例,比较三组患者治疗效果。结果三组患者治疗后AFP值均较治疗前有所降低,但联合组的肿瘤灭活率达81．9％,明显较TACE组50％及RFA组52．5％高,差异有统计有学意义（P〈0．05）,局部复发率三组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。TACE组及RFA组的平均生存时间均明显低于联合组的28．5个月,差异有统计有学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肝动脉栓塞化疗联合超声引导下射频消融治疗大肝癌较单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗及单纯射频消融治疗更能增加肿瘤灭活率,延长患者生存时间,值得临床推广应用。     

原发性肝癌的综合介入治疗

近几年来,在针对中晚期原发性肝癌的微创介入治疗的组合方法中,射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)与肝动脉栓塞化疗(trans-anerial chemotherapy embolization, TACE)的组合模式较好.     

射频消融联合经肝动脉栓塞化疗对肝癌术后复发患者生存率的影响

目的探讨射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)+经肝动脉栓塞化疗(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合治疗较单纯RFA或单纯TACE对肝癌术后复发患者预后生存率的影响。方法原发性肝癌术后有肝内复发而无肝外转移病例83例,按临床给予的治疗方案分为RFA组(A组),TACE组(B组),RFA+TACE联合组(C组),观察各组生存差异。结果 C组中位生存时间最长,(24.0±4.93)个月,B组次之,A组最短。累积生存率曲线显示C组生存率最高。A、B、C三组的0.5、1年生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2年生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.041,P=0.030,均<0.05)。结论 RFA+TACE联合治疗较单纯RFA或TACE可以增加肝癌复发患者的2年生存时间,对肝癌术后复发患者是较好的选择。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞同期联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)同期联合射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的安全性与有效性.方法 13例原发性肝癌患者,共有17个肿瘤病灶,均于TACE术后3-20 d内,同期联合CT导引下RFA治疗,以增强MR随访复查,观察肿瘤的消融率以及复发情况.结果 13例患者均耐受TACE同期联合RFA治疗,术后1个月肿瘤完全消融率为88.2％(15/17),随访2-14个月,1例术后7个月出现新发病灶,1例术后12个月出现局部病灶进展,余9例患者病灶稳定,肿瘤局部控制率为81.8％(9/11),1年内的肿瘤复发率为18.2％(2/11),13例患者中1例因上消化道出血死亡,1例改用外科手术切除后失访,余均存活,总生存率84.6％ (11/13).结论 采用TACE同期联合RFA治疗,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

多点射频消融治疗巨块型肝癌并发症的观察及护理

射频消融(RFA)是肝癌微创治疗的代表性治疗方式,也是应用最广泛的热消融手段,该技术具有创伤性小、疗效确切、不良反应小等优势。目前RFA联合肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗大肝癌得到肯定疗效,让中晚期肝癌治疗有了新的突破。由于需要多点RFA,治疗范围和时间需要增加,并发症也相应增加,对术后护理提出了新的要求。我科于2010年10月-2011     

TACE联合单针道适形RFA在大肝癌治疗中的临床研究

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合单针道适形射频消融(RFA)治疗大肝癌的特点及疗效.方法 对21例TACE治疗效果欠佳的大肝癌患者采用CT引导下经皮RFA治疗.结果 RFA术后4～6周通过MRI或超声造影结合AFP检测综合评价疗效,有效率(71.43%,15/21),疗效满意率(23.81%,5/21).结论 在大肝癌治疗中先行TACE再行RFA的序贯联合治疗具有优势互补的协同作用,单针道适形RFA更具有微创意义.     

CT和MRI对射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞肝癌疗效评价的对比研究

目的比较CT和MRI对射频消融(RFA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗肝细胞肝癌疗效评价的应用价值。方法选取对2008年8月至2012年1月63例RFA联合TACE治疗肝细胞肝癌的影像资料,并将CT和MRI的诊断结果进行比较。结果 CT诊断阳性率为78%(49/63),MRI诊断阳性率为95%(60/63),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在评价RFA联合TACE治疗肝细胞肝癌疗效及随访中,MRI是一种有效的检查方法。     

射频消融联合肝动脉导管化疗栓塞治疗肝癌疗效分析

目的评价射频消融（RFA）联合肝动脉导管化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗肝癌的疗效。方法应用WE7568-2射频仪和12电极射频针经皮穿刺热消融治疗30例大肝癌患者43个病灶。RFA前后联合TACE治疗，随访观察治疗效果、并发症和患者生存情况。结果RFA操作均顺利完成。并发症6．67％（2／30），包括腹腔出血1例，血气胸1例。TACE无并发症。随访6—36个月，随访率96．7％，患者血清AFP下降85．7％，缓解率93．3％（28／30），6个月、1年、3年生存率分别为100％（30／30）、80．O％（24／30）和41．7％（10／24）。结论RFA联合TACE能发挥互补增益作用，是治疗肝癌的一种有效方案。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.