原发性腹膜后肿瘤的外科手术策略

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤外科手术的最佳策略.方法 回顾性分析1994年1月-2009年5月经手术治疗的原发性腹膜后肿瘤78例临床资料.结果 恶性肿瘤38例,肿瘤最大径3～25 cm,平均9.94 cm;良性肿瘤40例,肿瘤最大径7～42 cm,平均18.36 cm.完整切除59例,姑息性切除15例,探查活检4例;完整切除组中联合脏器切除18例(30.51%),联合切除的器官依次为结肠、小肠、肾脏、胰腺和脾脏;血管重建3例.无围手术期死亡.恶性肿瘤完整切除者1,3,5年的生存率分别为88.04%,73.68%,42.10%,姑息性切除者1,3,5年的生存率分别为66.67%,33.33%,0,差异均具有统计学意义(均P ＜0.01).术后复发再手术15例.结论 完备的术前准备、恰当的手术入路和受累器官的联合切除是手术治疗腹膜后肿瘤的关键,复发后积极再手术仍可提高生存率.     

腹膜后肿瘤手术治疗的经验

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤手术切除的方法 ,以提高肿瘤切除率。方法　结合 1990～ 1999年收治的 197例原发性腹膜后肿瘤 ,就其手术处理与经验教训进行讨论。结果　第 1次手术肿瘤全切除 15 4例 ,占 78% ,其中良性肿瘤全切除率为 93% ,恶性肿瘤全切除率为 6 7% ,术后 1～ 2年生存率分别为 70 .2 %和 6 3.3% ,而姑息切除和探查活检者均在 1年内死亡。术后复发再次手术 9例 ,其中 7例均作全切除术。联合脏器切除 17例 ,第 1次手术 11例 ,第 2次手术 6例 ,再手术完整切除率 75 .6 %。结论　术野开阔 ,层次清晰 ,是腹膜后肿瘤手术应具备的基本条件。原则上应作肿瘤完整切除 ,肿瘤与受累脏器应联合切除。对术后复发的肿瘤 ,完整切除是提高生存率的关键。     

原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的手术经验

目的总结原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的外科手术经验。方法回顾性分析1998~2002年18例腹膜后巨大肿瘤手术治疗的临床资料。结果14例完整切除,1例大部切除,3例剖腹探查加活检术。14例恶性肿瘤中有10例完整切除,其中8例行联合脏器切除;4例良性肿瘤均完整切除,其中1例行联合脏器切除,无手术死亡。随访3年,18例中14例健在,死亡4例,肿瘤复发14例。结论准确的术前评估、恰当的手术径路、良好的手术技能是提高手术切除率的关键。     

原发性腹膜后肉瘤的外科治疗

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月收治的 63例原发性腹膜后肉瘤 (脂肪肉瘤和平滑肌肉瘤 )的治疗效果、预后因素等临床资料。结果　肿瘤全切除率为 88.2 % ,其中联合脏器切除为 2 1.6% ,无围手术期死亡。脂肪肉瘤的术后平均生存时间 3 6.5个月 ,平滑肌肉瘤为 2 7.6个月。高分化肿瘤术后平均生存时间 3 7.4个月 ,中低分化肿瘤仅 18.1个月 (P <0 .0 1)。 3 2例作再次手术 ,其中肿瘤完全切除率为 62 .5 % (2 0 /3 2 ) ,术后平均生存时间为 19.8个月 ,其中 2 8.1%术后病理类型发生变化。结论　手术切除整个肿瘤及侵及的周围脏器是治疗的最佳手段 ,对局部复发的肿瘤争取再次手术 ,肿瘤的分化程度及能否完整切除肿瘤是影响预后的主要因素。     

原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤（PRPI_S）的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2008年3月经手术治疗17例PRPLS患者的治疗效果。结果17例患者共进行手术30例次,其中13例次为首次手术,17例次为再次手术。肿瘤完整切除24例次（80．0％）,其中联合脏器切除12例次（40．0％）,肿瘤部分切除5例次（16．7％）,探查活检1例次（3．3％）。结论原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤无论是首发还是复发,手术切除都是标准的治疗手段,晚期肿瘤姑息切除亦能减轻邻近压迫症状,改善患者生存质量,延长生存时间。     

原发性腹膜后神经鞘瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊治与预后.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2009年12月北京大学第一医院诊治的47例原发性腹膜后良、恶性神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料.结果 良性神经鞘瘤36例,中位年龄41岁,体检发现25例,有症状者11例;恶性神经鞘瘤11例,中位年龄38岁,体检发现5例,有症状者6例.术前CT和MRI诊断阳性率分别为36.2%(17/47)和58.3%(7/12).免疫组化染色良性组S-100阳性率100%;恶性组S-100阳性者率81.8%(9/11).47例患者均行手术治疗,良性组手术切除率100%,恶性组手术切除率90.9%(10/11),两组均无围手术期死亡患者,术后并发症5例(10.6%).良、恶性神经鞘瘤术后5年生存率分别为100%与45.5%.良性组术后复发2例;恶性组术后复发4例,远处转移3例.结论 腹膜后神经鞘瘤确诊依靠病理及免疫组化检查,手术完整切除是治疗主要方法.良性神经鞘瘤预后良好,恶性神经鞘瘤易转移和复发.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary retroperitoneal neurilemoma (schwannoma). Methods Clinical data of 47 patients of primary retroperitoneal schwannoma admitted and surgically treated from January 1995 to December 2009 were retrospectivelly reviewed. Results As diagnosed by pathology there were 36 cases of Benign schwannoma,with a median age at onset of 41 years, among those 11 patients were symptomatic, and 25 were asymptomatic. There were 11 malignant 11 cases, the median age was 38 years, among those 6 patients were symptomatic, and 5 were asymptomatic. The positive diagnostic rate of preoperative CT and MRI were 36. 2％ ( 17/47 ) and 58. 3％ ( 7/12 ) respectively. Immunohistochemically positive rates of S-100 were 100％ and 81.8％ (9/11) in benign and malignant group respectively. All cases underwent surgical treatment. Surgical resection rates for benign and malignant groups were 100％ and 90. 9％ (10/11)respectively. There was no perioperative death, Overall 5-year survival rates were 100％ and 45.5％ for benign and malignant tumors groups respectively. In benign group 2 cases recurred, in malignant group 4 cases recurred, and 3 had distant metastasis. Conclusions Primary retroperitoneal schwannomas are less common. It is difficult to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgery is the most effective therapy.Prognosis is good for benign and poor for malignant retroperitoneal neurilemomas.     

原发性腹膜后肉瘤的外科治疗68例临床报告

目的探讨原发性腹膜后肉瘤的诊断与治疗。方法对2000年1月至2010年1月经手术治疗的68例原发性腹膜后肉瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果原发性腹膜后肉瘤病理类型多样,本组68例中恶性纤维组织瘤9例,脂肪肉瘤33例,平滑肌肉瘤9例,未分化肉瘤7例,滑膜肉瘤4例,恶性外周神经鞘瘤6例。其中术后局部复发43例,5年存活率广泛切除为29%,局部切除的为43%。结论原发性腹膜后肉瘤的临床表现多为无症状性包块,组织学类型复杂,以脂肪肉瘤多见,预后与手术的彻底性和病理类型相关。     

Surgical management of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma

Background:

Local recurrence after surgical resection is the main cause of disease‐related mortality in patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). This study analysed predictors of local recurrence and disease‐specific survival.

Methods:

A prospective database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent surgery for primary RPS between 1990 and 2009. Patient demographics, operative outcomes and tumour variables were correlated with local recurrence and disease‐specific survival. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate predictors for local recurrence and disease‐free survival.

Results:

Macroscopic clearance was achieved in 170 of 200 patients. The median weight of tumours was 4·0 kg and median maximum diameter 27 cm. Resection of adjacent organs was required in 126 patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 3·0 per cent. Seventy‐five patients developed local recurrence during follow‐up. At 5 years the local recurrence‐free survival rate was 54·6 per cent and the disease‐specific survival rate 68·6 per cent. Inability to obtain macroscopic clearance at resection and high‐grade tumours were significant predictors for local recurrence and disease‐specific survival.

Conclusion:

Complete macroscopic excision should be the goal of surgical resection. Ability to resect a RPS completely and tumour grade are the most important predictors of local recurrence and overall survival. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 对59例经手术治疗原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 手术和病理检查确诊的原发性腹膜后肿瘤59例，恶性肿瘤为4l例，完全切除l5例(36．6％)，大部切除8例(19．5％)，手术探查活检l8例(43．9％)，完全切除组3年和5年生存率分别为53．3％和26．7％，部分切除及探查活检组3年和5年生存率分别为l9．2％和7．7％；良性肿瘤为l8例，完全切除l4例(77．8％)，大部切除3例(16．7％)，手术探查活检l例(5．6％)，完全切除组3年和5年生存率分别为92．9％和85．7％，部分切除及探查活检组3年和5年生存率分别为75．0％和50．0％。结论 手术切除是治疗原发性腹膜后肿瘤的主要措施，早期诊断和完全手术切除是提高治疗效果的关键。     

原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的手术治疗(附58例报告)

原发性腹膜后肿瘤（primary retroperitoneal tumor，PRT）是指原发于腹膜后间隙，而非腹膜后器官的肿瘤。该病发病率低，国外报道仅占全身肿瘤的0．07％～0．2％。由于其部位特殊、手术难度大、术后复发率高，尤其是巨大PRT，给临床治疗带来较大的困难。今对我院1986年1月～2004年10月手术治疗巨大PRT58例（肿瘤直径〉8cm）进行总结分析。     

Surgical management of retroperitoneal tumours: A 12-year review

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients who had undergone resection of retroperitoneal tumours. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 44 patients with preoperative diagnoses of retroperitoneal tumours, who had resections carried out between April 1996 and June 2008 at our institution. Results: Forty-four patients at our hospital underwent resection with curative intent for retroperitoneal tumours. Eight patients developed recurrences, and reoperations were carried out in these patients. Merely 23.1% of the patients underwent fine-needle aspiration, and of those patients, just 15.4% received the correct diagnosis for their retroperitoneal tumour. Liposarcoma was the most common tumour (31.1%). The overall mean largest diameter of the retroperitoneal tumours was 13.4 ± 8.8 cm, and the median largest diameter was 11.0 cm (range: 2–43 cm). No significant difference was found between the mean largest diameters of benign and malignant tumours (P = 0.08). Simultaneous surgical resection of adjacent organs was required in 46.1% of the patients. The overall survival at 5 years for patients with liposarcomas, other malignancies and benign tumours was 20%, 50% and 100%, respectively. The disease-free survival at 5 years for patients with liposarcomas was zero (P = 0.013), whereas, for other retroperitoneal malignancies and benign tumours, the disease free survival at 5 years was 38% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical management of retroperitoneal tumours often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Long-term survival rates for patients with liposarcomas are relatively poor, and recurrences after surgical resection are common.     

老年人原发性腹膜后肿瘤的外科处理

目的 评价老年人原发性腹膜后肿瘤外科处理的可行性和结果.方法 对1988年1月至2013年11月间手术治疗的38例老年人（中位年龄65.6岁;范围62～79岁）腹膜后肿瘤患者的肿瘤组织学类型、手术特点和结果进行分析.结果 常见临床症状和体征为腹痛和腹胀、腹部包块、下肢疼痛和麻木、下肢水肿、便秘和尿频.部分患者无症状.CT和MRI检查准确率均为100％.本组患者共有并存疾病46例次,包括高血压、缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿和心律失常等.38例共行手术45例次（包括7例局部复发再手术）,其中肿瘤完全切除29例次（64.4％）,联合受累邻近脏器和（或）血管整块切除8例次（17.8％）,部分切除3例次（6.7％）,因无法切除而仅行活检5例次（11.1％）.良性肿瘤18例,恶性肿瘤20例.术中和术后并发症发生率分别为11.1％（5/45）和26.7％ （12/45）.术后早期（＜30 d）主要并发症为腹腔出血1例、淋巴漏1例、胰漏1例、腹腔感染1例、肺部感染2例、胸腔积液1例、胃瘫1例、心律失常1例、切口感染2例、切口裂开1例.并发症均获治愈.围手术期无死亡病例.结论 高龄不是原发性腹膜后肿瘤的绝对禁忌证,恰当的术前评估、缜密的手术预案、细致的手术技术和精细的围手术期管理对保证老年人原发性腹膜后肿瘤切除的可行性和安全性是必须的.     

Surgical excision of primary cardiac tumours in infancy

Six cases of primary cardiac tumour have been operated upon in a 7 year period from 1 June 1979 until 1 June 1986. All patients were under 6 months of age at the time of operation and two of the patients were in their first week of life. The principal indication for surgery was obstruction mainly at the right or left ventricular outflow tract level. More recently echo evaluation alone has been adequate to define the problem prior to surgery. Surgical excision has been performed without mortality or significant complications. In most cases resection has been complete, although in one case residual tumour has been left because of attachment of the tumour to vital structures. Follow-up of this case has not resulted in further surgery being required because of regrowth of the tumour. In one case, with co-existent congenital heart disease, the tumour was brought to notice after palliative systemic to pulmonary artery shunt had been performed. From the cardiac view point gratifying results have been obtained both in the short and long term following surgical resection. However, for patients with rhabdomyoma, later development of symptomatic tuberosclerosis should be anticipated in 50% of cases.     

Surgical management of primary and recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma

BACKGROUND: Surgery plays a dominant role in the initial and subsequent treatment of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS). This study was a review of outcomes of patients treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital. METHODS: Records of all patients who had surgery for RPLS since 1990 were reviewed, with particular attention to local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Patients with primary RPLS and those with recurrent RPLS, who had palliative surgery after a variable number of operations performed elsewhere, were considered separately. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients had surgery for primary RPLS, over half of whom underwent resection of a contiguous organ to achieve clearance. Follow-up of at least 12 months was available for 58 patients. Thirty-four patients had no evidence of recurrence after median follow-up of 26 (range 12-151) months. Low-grade tumour and macroscopic clearance of tumour were significantly associated with a reduced risk of local recurrence and improved survival. Forty-seven patients had palliative surgery for recurrent RPLS. Median survival from time of last operation to death was 27 (range 0-79) months. Follow-up was to a median of 68 (range 14-261) months. CONCLUSION: Patients with low-grade RPLS that has been completely resected at the initial operation have the most favourable prognosis. Palliative resection is worthwhile to treat troublesome symptoms of recurrence.     

84例原发性腹膜后肉瘤患者外科处理分析

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后肉瘤的临床处理 ,分析影响其预后因素。方法　收集 84例原发性腹膜后肉瘤患者的临床资料 ,回顾性分析其预后情况。用Kaplan -Meier法估计生存曲线 ,对可能影响患者长期存活的临床 ,病理 ,治疗方法各因素行单因素分析。结果　分级对 5年生存率有显著性影响 (P <0 .0 1)。完全切除率为 5 9.6%,完全切除后 5年生存率和 5年无瘤生存率分别是 48.1%和 3 8.8%,部分切除或活检患者 5年生存率和 5年无瘤生存率均为 0 ,两者存在高度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　肿瘤分级和手术切除是否完全是影响腹膜后软组织肉瘤预后的重要因素。对复发病例仍应积极手术治疗。限制肿瘤的假囊不应认为是安全边缘。     

Surgical treatment of primary and metastatic sternal tumours

BACKGROUND: Primary and metastatic malignancies of the sternum are uncommon. Surgery that is the best treatment for the majority of primary sternal tumors, and arguably for metastatic lesions, has improved permitting us to perform wide resection and simultaneous reconstruction safely. METHODS: From January 1988 to December 1998 we treated 13 patients, 4 with primary chondrosarcoma and 9 with sternal metastasis, 5 breast cancer, 3 kidney cancer and 1 thyroid cancer. In 3 patients total sternectomy was performed and in 10 a partial sternectomy associated with resection of the anterior segment of the ribs in 7 cases and resection of the clavicle in 5 patients. Bone reconstruction was done in the majority of cases (5) with Marlex mesh with methylmethacrylate and in 3 cases rib grafts were used to strengthen a Vicryl mesh. The major pectoralis muscle was the most frequently used soft tissue, 9 of 12. RESULTS: Our postoperative mortality was 15%, 2 cases. The median overall survival was 48 months. All the primary tumours were alive after a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 4-84 months).While survival of the sternal metastasis was 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection and reconstruction of sternal lesions represent a basic step in the treatment of the primary tumors with encouraging survival results while in the metastatic lesions surgery can be a part of a multimodality approach with unsatisfactory results.     

Clinicopathological features of retroperitoneal tumours

The clinicopathological features of 49 neoplasms in the retroperitoneum, but not arising directly from a major retroperitoneal organ, are described. Abdominal pain and a mass, urinary tract symptoms and evidence of pressure on venous channels or nerves were common modes of presentation. In 6 cases the neoplasms were found incidentally and in 4 patients removal of the retroperitoneal mass was an elective procedure during the treatment of metastatic testicular germ cell tumour. Histopathological diagnosis revealed 4 major tumour types: germ cell neoplasms, non-germ cell metastatic carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma and lymphoma. The differential diagnoses are discussed. A knowledge of the neoplasms to be expected in this site may indicate which pre-operative investigations should be undertaken.     

Primary retroperitoneal tumours and cysts

The authors give a summarizing report on retroperitoneal tumours and cysts. They review the origin and classification of tumours and cysts, their diagnostic and differential diagnostic possibilities as well as the therapeutic measures. Finally, their own 3 cases are reported.     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤42例的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤（PRT）的诊断、治疗以及复发性腹膜后肿瘤的预防、治疗要点。方法 对1990－2000年手术且病理证实的42例原发性腹膜后肿瘤进行回顾性分析。结果 42例中良性19例，恶性23例。19例良性肿瘤完整切除15例，合并脏器切除3例，肿瘤部分切除1例，复发后再手术完整切除。23例恶性肿瘤完整切除9例，合并脏器切除11例，部分切除及探查活检3例。复发后再次及多次手术5例。全组无手术死亡。结论 影像学检查是判断手术切除范围的重要依据。施行肿瘤全切除术是治疗PRT的关键。对于复发性腹膜后肿瘤，外科手术切除仍是主要治疗手段。对多次复发的肿瘤不应放弃手术机会。