经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术联合部分脾栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血

近年来,采用的经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分脾栓塞术(PsE)治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,取得了较好的临床疗效. 一、资料与方法 1.病例来源:收集本院2007年4月-2008年5月行PTVE联合PSE治疗的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张出血的患者33例.     

复杂性先天性心脏病手术后乳糜胸的治疗体会

目的:探讨先天性心脏病手术后乳糜胸的原因及治疗。方法:回顾性分析总结我院2000年10月至2005年3月期间先天性心脏病手术后乳糜胸16例临床资料。结果:16例先心病手术后乳糜胸患者中15例为手术中不同程度的损伤胸导管或其分支所致,经持续胸腔引流、胃肠禁食、静脉内营养等保守治疗后,仅1例在术后10天内因胸腔引流量持续大于10 ml／kg·d,而再次手术结扎胸导管,其余15例均由保守法治疗治愈(93．7％)。结论:先天性心脏病手术后并发的乳糜胸经保守治疗多可痊愈。     

Superselective embolization of renal hemorrhage occurring after percutaneous coronary intervention

A 69-year-old female was hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and received full antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. The patient underwent angioplasty and stent implantation on right coronary and left circumflex arteries with good angiographic result. After the procedure, the patient developed hemorrhagic shock due to massive left renal hemorrhage. An emergent digital subtraction angiography showed bleeding from a left segmental renal artery. The hemorrhage was successfully managed with transcatheter superselective embolization. The patient was discharged after 22 days in good general condition with normal renal function. One-year follow-up was uneventful.     

Bilateral traumatic chylothorax treated by thoracic duct embolization: a rare treatment for an uncommon problem

Prolonged chylothorax is a rare, life-threatening, pleural effusion that may be encountered in the setting of trauma. Conservative treatment may be successful and is the traditional approach in cases of limited chyle output. Early surgical intervention is required in cases with large refractory chyle output, but may be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous thoracic duct embolization is an uncommon, minimally invasive, safe and effective treatment alternative. We report a case of successful thoracic duct embolization to treat large-volume chylothorax due to blunt trauma.     

Myocardial infarction due to intracoronary embolization of percutaneous coronary intervention packaging

Intracoronary device loss is occasionally encountered and removal is commonly performed at the time of the procedure. We report a case of removal of a retained coronary balloon protective plastic tubing inadvertently left in the coronary artery for a month and associated with myocardial infarction. Optical coherence tomography was used to visualize the foreign body prior to removal with a snare. To our knowledge this is the first report of a removal of disposable packaging equipment after prolonged intracoronary dwell time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

急诊PTVE-PSE治疗门静脉高压症导致的急性消化道大出血的效果观察

目的探讨经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分性脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)治疗门静脉高压症导致的急性消化道大出血的临床效果。方法回顾性分析门静脉高压症所致急性消化道大出血患者124例,其中行急诊PTVE术59例作为对照组,接受急诊PTVE术后进一步行PSE术的65例患者作为观察组。比较两组患者的术后门静脉压力变化情况、住院天数以及并发症发生情况。术后6、12、18个月定期随访了解两组患者的再出血发生情况以及1年病死率。结果两组患者手术前门静脉压无明显差异(t=0.195,P=0.846),对照组患者术后较术前门静脉压升高(t=-3.195,P=0.002),观察组患者术后较术前门静脉压明显下降(t=5.182,P0.01)。观察组术后住院天数明显多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.909,P=0.004);对照组患者术后并发症发生率明显高于观察组,特别是门静脉高压性胃肠道病(对照组13例,观察组4例)以及腹水(观察组23例,对照组6例)的发生例数,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=32.887,P0.01);观察组患者术后6、12、18个月的再出血发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.740,7.986,19.569;均P0.05);观察组患者随访1年病死率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.673,P=0.017)。结论 PTVE术序贯PSE术操作相对简单,术中创伤小,同时还能降低门静脉压力并使其保持在较低水平,降低患者术后再出血率,对门静脉高压导致的急性消化道大出血患者具有良好的治疗效果。     

Nontraumatic chylothorax

Nontraumatic chylothorax is an uncommon condition of thoracic or abdominal origin caused by multiple disorders, of which malignancy is by far the most frequent one. Because gross appearance of pleural fluid is frequently misleading, pleural fluid and serum lipid analysis is required for its diagnosis. In addition to the presence of chylomicrons, chylothoraces are usually characterized by all three of the following: (1) a triglyceride level of more than 110 mg/dL; (2) a ratio of pleural fluid to the serum triglyceride level of more than 1.0; and (3) a ratio of the pleural fluid to serum cholesterol level of less than 1.0. In patients with lymphoma-related chylothorax refractory to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has an acceptable complication rate and a 100% success rate in the prevention of recurrences. Pleuroperitoneal shunting is considered a safe and effective treatment in the management of persistent chylothorax in children in the absence of chylous ascites.     

Diagnosis of pancreatic abscess via percutaneous aspiration

The pre-operative diagnosis of a pancreatic abscess was not considered in a comprehensive review in 1972. However, advances in technology (Ultrasound-US, Computed Tomography-CT) has allowed guided percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) of suspected pancreatic lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and diagnostic ability of PNA to differentiate acute pancreatic inflammatory masses from pancreatic abscess (PA). Thirteen patients underwent PNA after US or CT revealed an acute pancreatic inflammatory mass (12/13 cystic). One patient underwent a second aspiration. Clinical features T°-101.3°F mean (13/13), leukocytosis 14,400 cu/mm (11/13). Aspirated material was gram-stained and examined for bacteria and leukocytes and cultured. Results: PNA was accomplished successfully in all patients. Aspirate revealed bacteria in nine and pancreatic abscess was confirmed at surgery (8) or post-mortem exam (1). Four of five patients in whom no bacteria were visualized had medical resolution, the fifth had continued T° and underwent a second aspiration which diagnosed a PA. PA contained moderate to large number of PML via aspiration. Conclusions: PNA provides a potentially important and safe diagnostic adjunct to earlier accurate differential diagnosis of pancreatic inflammatory masses from pancreatic abscess.     

Selective coronary artery fistula embolization with hystoacryl during percutaneous coronary angioplasty

The percutaneous approach to coronary artery fistula (CAF) is diverse; coils, detachable balloons and double-umbrella devices can be used. Selective embolization with hystoacryl is a novel technique that has been successfully used in patients with intracerebral arteriovenous fistulae. Hystoacryl is a resin, which on contact with the bloodstream immediately solidifies, causing complete luminal obliteration of the fistulous pathway. In the present report, we describe two cases of CAF draining into the pulmonary artery. These two cases were successfully treated with hystoacryl embolization of the fistulous pathway, during the same procedure of coronary angioplasty for localized atherosclerotic lesions in major epicardial vessels.     

Comparison of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization and unilateral portal vein ligation

AIM: To compare the effect of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE) and unilateral portal vein ligation (PVL) on hepatic hemodynamics and right hepatic lobe (RHL) atrophy.METHODS: Between March 2005 and March 2009, 13 cases were selected for PTPE (n = 9) and PVL (n = 4) in the RHL. The PTPE group included hilar bile duct carcinoma (n = 2), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 2), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2) and liver metastasis (n = 3). The PVL group included hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2) and liver metastasis (n = 2). In addition, observation of postoperative hepatic hemodynamics obtained from computed tomography and Doppler ultrasonography was compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Mean ages in the two groups were 58.9 ± 2.9 years (PVL group) vs 69.7 ± 3.2 years (PTPE group), which was a significant difference (P = 0.0002). Among the indicators of liver function, including serum albumin, serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelets and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Preoperative RHL volumes in the PTPE and PVL groups were estimated to be 804.9 ± 181.1 mL and 813.3 ± 129.7 mL, respectively, with volume rates of 68.9% ± 2.8% and 69.2% ± 4.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in RHL volumes (P = 0.83) and RHL volume rates (P = 0.94), respectively. At 1 mo after PTPE or PVL, postoperative RHL volumes in the PTPE and PVL groups were estimated to be 638.4 ± 153.6 mL and 749.8 ± 121.9 mL, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.14). Postoperative RHL volume rates in the PTPE and PVL groups were estimated to be 54.6% ± 4.2% and 63.7% ± 3.9%, respectively, which was a significant difference (P = 0.0056). At 1 mo after the operation, the liver volume atrophy rate was 14.3% ± 2.3% in the PTPE group and 5.4% ± 1.6% in the PVL group, which was a significant difference (P = 0.0061).CONCLUSION: PTPE is a more effective procedure than PVL because PTPE is able to occlude completely the portal branch throughout the right peripheral vein.     

Prediction of distal embolization during percutaneous coronary intervention in saphenous vein grafts

Distal protection devices have been proved to decrease distal embolization and improve outcome in unselected patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs). However, it remains uncertain whether distal protection is necessary in all patients. We investigated whether clinical or angiographic variables can predict distal embolization and, hence, need for a distal protection device. Fifty-eight consecutive SVGs that underwent PCI with a FilterWire distal protection device were studied. After the procedure, the FilterWire was fixed in formalin and photographed, and embolic debris area (square millimeters) was quantified by semi-automated edge-detection analysis. Debris area was correlated with 6 prespecified variables: clinical presentation, SVG age, reference lumen diameter, plaque volume, SVG degeneracy, and presence of a filling defect. Embolic debris was identified in 57 of 58 grafts (98%). Median debris area was 4.0 mm(2) (range 0.0 to 25.1). None of the prespecified variables predicted the occurrence of distal embolization or the amount of captured embolic debris. In conclusion, distal embolization during SVG PCI is universal. Embolic burden cannot be predicted by clinical or angiographic variables, and embolic protection should be used in all patients.     

Aortic catheterisation via percutaneous left ventricular puncture

When retrograde catheterisation and angiography of the ascending aorta from the brachial or femoral approach is not possible, this can be accomplished by direct percutaneous left ventricular puncture. The haemodynamic and angiographic information obtained was essential to surgical correction of aortic arch anomalies as illustrated in two patients.