不同检测系统血小板测定结果的可比性研究

目的探讨7个血液分析检测系统血小板测定结果的可比性。方法以可溯源的B ayer120全自动血液分析仪及其配套的校准物、试剂和质控物为目标检测系统,与其它6个检测系统(Cou lter、CD 3500、B ayer60、3台CD 1700血液分析仪及其配套的校准物、试剂和质控物)为待评检测系统。在21个工作日内分别测定3种水平的四川通广全血质控物各10次、7次、7次和不同浓度新鲜全血样本55份。通过医学决定水平和相应回归方程计算目标检测系统与待评系统之间的相对偏差(%SE),以美国临床实验室修正法规(CL IA′88)规定的室间质量评价允许误差(T±25%)范围的1/2(T±12.5%)为标准,判断不同检测系统之间的可比性。结果3种水平的四川通广全血质控物和新鲜血标本经随机区组设计资料的方差分析各组间的总体差异均有显著性(P<0.001),各水平质控物的变异系数(CV%)和总CV值均小于CL IA′88允许误差范围的1/3(T±8.3%)。新鲜全血样本各系统间测定结果的信度系数a为0.996 4,各检测系统间相关系数均大于0.975;临床可接受性能评价均为部分或全部超过CL IA′88允许范围的1/2。结论各检测系统血小板测定的精密度符合临床要求,各检测系统间均存在不可比性,应采取改进措施,以保证检验结果具有可比性。     

不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的可比性分析

目的评价不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的一致性、可比性。方法按照NCCLS EP9-A2文件要求,以Sysmex XE-2100（1）血细胞分析仪为参考仪器,其他3台仪器Sysmex XE-2100（2）、迈瑞BC-5380（1）、迈瑞BC-5380（2）仪器为比对仪器,用新鲜全血对WBC、RBC、Hb、Hct、PLT5个参数进行检测,计算偏差及相关系数,判断偏差是否在临床可接受范围内。结果与Sysmex XE-2100（1）比较,其他3台仪器的检测结果与其有良好的相关性（r〉0．975）,偏差均在临床可接受范围内。除迈瑞BC-5380（1）的PLT及迈瑞BC-5380（2）的Hct、PLT偏差超出了可接受范围,经调整,偏差在可接受范围内。结论该实验室4台血细胞分析仪的检测结果准确,具有一致性、可比性。     

两台日立生化分析仪测定结果可比性研究

目的对同一生化实验室两台日立生化分析仪进行方法学对比及偏差评估,探讨不同仪器间测定结果是否具有可比性。方法以可溯源的日立7180生化分析仪,上海复星长征医学科学有限公司生产的试剂、校准品和质控品组成的检测系统作为目标检测系统（X）,7170S为待评系统（Y）,在8个工作日内分别测定正常、病理水平质控物各8次和新鲜血清样本40份。计算目标检测系统与待评系统的相对偏差（SE％）,以美国临床实验室修正法规规定的室间质量评价允许误差范围的1／2为标准,判断不同检测系统之间的可比性。结果两检测系统测定结果之间的系统误差或均值处的SE％均在临床可接受范围内。结论两检测系统各测定结果具有可比性,可满足临床需要。     

不同血细胞分析仪测定结果可比性分析

目的 通过该实验室不同血细胞分析仪新鲜全血样本检测结果的分析比较,了解不同仪器对同一样本检测结果的可比性.方法 按EP9-A文件要求,以Beckman Coulter LH-750型血细胞分析仪为比对仪器,以Sysmex XE-2100型及XS-800i型血细胞分析仪为实验仪器,采集患者新鲜全血样本对WBC,RBC,HB,PLT四参数进行检测,计算相关参数与回归方程,计算比对仪器与实验仪器间的相对偏差(SE%),以美国临床实验室修正法规(CLIA'88)规定的室间质量评价允许误差范围的1/2为标准,判断不同仪器间测定结果的可比性.结果 新鲜全血样本各检测仪器间测定结果的相关系数均r＞0.975,部分检测系统的HB,PLT在低值医学决定水平处相对偏差超过可接受范围,仪器调整后,检测结果相对偏差在允许范围内.结论 同一实验室不同血细胞分析仪需定期进行比对,保证同一样本检测结果在同一实验室具有可比性.     

不同血细胞分析仪血小板测定结果的可比性研究

目的为了提高不同血细胞分析仪间血小板测定结果的可比性。方法以校正合格的Beckman Culter GEN-S血细胞分析仪为参考仪器,利用参考仪器测定血小板数为109×109/L、160×109/L、245×109/L、307×109/L3、43×109/L的新鲜全血为定标质控全血,分别对从bott Cell Dyn 3700SL血细胞分析仪进行校正,并比较两台仪器测定患者样本的结果。结果使用血小板数为109×109/L1、60×109/L2、45×109/L3、07×109/L的定标质控全血,对CD 3700SL血细胞分析仪进行校正,两台仪器检测患者样本的结果差异无显著性(P>0.05),并且相关性良好。结论使用参考仪器测定血小板数为109~307×109/L的新鲜定标质控全血,对其他血细胞分析仪进行校正,可以明显提高不同血细胞检测系统间血小板测定结果的可比性。     

两台血细胞分析仪检测结果间的比对分析

目的 通过对不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的比对,实现同一实验室不同仪器间检测结果的一致性和可比性.方法 将使用性能良好、规范化操作的雅培CD3700血细胞分析仪(2号机)作为参比仪器,另一台雅培CD3700血细胞分析仪(1号机)作为实验仪器,2台仪器进行性能评价,校准后每个项目按照美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)EP9-A2文件要求,使用40份不同浓度新鲜血标本进行比对,计算2台仪器间的相关性和相对偏倚,按照中国<医疗机构临床实验室管理办法>中对不同检测系统间比对的要求,判断在不同医学决定水平两个检测系统间检测结果的偏倚是否在可接受范围.结果 2台仪器间白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hbg)、血细胞比容(Hct)、血小板计数(Plt)相关性和相对偏差均在可接受范围内.结论 2台血细胞分析仪检测结果具有可比性,并且在医学决定水平范围内具有可比性.     

不同检测系统测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶结果的可比性研究

目的探讨不同检测系统丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)测定结果的可比性.方法分别在3个检测系统酶法测定ALT朗道质控物(水平2和水平3)各20次和新鲜血清标本45份.结果朗道质控物和新鲜血清标本ALT测定经随机区组设计资料的方差分析,各检测系统间的总体差异均有显著性(P＜0.001).各检测系统新鲜血清标本ALT测定可靠性系数α为0.9981,各系统间的相关系数均大于0.975.各检测系统测定ALT的精密度变异系数均小于6.7%,以可溯源的检测系统1为目标检测系统,临床接受性能评价中检测系统2未超过而检测系统3超过T±10%允许范围.结论3个检测系统测定ALT结果的精密度符合临床要求,临床接受性能评价中检测系统3无可比性,需采取纠正措施,实现可比性.     

不同检测系统测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶结果的可比性研究

目的探讨不同检测系统丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)测定结果的可比性。方法分别在3个检测系统酶法测定ALT朗道质控物(水平2和水平3)各20次和新鲜血清标本45份。结果朗道质控物和新鲜血清标本ALT测定经随机区组设计资料的方差分析,各检测系统间的总体差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。各检测系统新鲜血清标本ALT测定可靠性系数α为0.9981,各系统间的相关系数均大于0.975。各检测系统测定ALT的精密度变异系数均小于6.7%,以可溯源的检测系统1为目标检测系统,临床接受性能评价中检测系统2未超过而检测系统3超过T±10%允许范围。结论3个检测系统测定ALT结果的精密度符合临床要求,临床接受性能评价中检测系统3无可比性,需采取纠正措施,实现可比性。     

新鲜全血在血液分析仪比对试验中的价值

目的探讨新鲜全血在血液分析仪比对试验中的价值。方法中华医学会校准判断标准是比对仪器是否需要调整的依据,也是比对仪器用新鲜全血检测所得数据与其他仪器所测数据是否具有可比性的依据。取同血型的常规体检健康人的新鲜全血标本混合成5 mL混合全血,共7管,分别在比对仪器与其余各仪器上测定,以所测数据分析各仪器是否需要调整以及各仪器与比对仪器间各参数的差异百分率。根据校准判断标准决定是否对其余各仪器进行调整。每天取1份新鲜全血标本在各仪器上检测,计算差异百分率,点于L-J质控图上,以判断仪器间的误差是否在误差允许范围内。结果 4台仪器精密度良好。校准后比对仪器与其余仪器各评价项目白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血小板（PLT）及红细胞平均体积（MCV）的结果进行配对t检验和相关性比较,P均〉0.05,相关系数（r）〉0.95。因此,不同仪器同一检查项目的检测结果差异无统计学意义,并具有良好的相关性。结论应用新鲜全血对同一实验室不同血液分析系统进行调整是一种方便、可行的方法。通过每日计算差异百分率作L-J质控图,可及时发现仪器间的偶然误差与系统误差。     

不同检测系统抗链球菌溶血素"O"测定结果的可比性研究

目的:探讨不同检测系统抗链球菌溶血素“O”(ASO)测定结果的可比性。方法:在3个不同生化分析仪检测系统(大院岛津7200;二沙日立7170A;芳村日立7170A。)分别检测不同水平的质控物各20例和30例不同浓度的新鲜血清ASO,并对数据进行相关统计学分析。结果:经随机区组设计资料的方差分析,不同厂家、不同水平的质控物和不同浓度的患者新鲜血清的测定结果在各检测系统间差异均有显著性(P<0.001);各检测系统间的相关系数均大于0.975;可靠性分析信度系数α均接近1;以岛津7200作标准检测系统对其它检测系统作临床可接受性能评价,二沙日立7170A;芳村日立7170A临床不接受。结论:3个检测系统测定ASO结果精密度符合临床要求,但临床可接受性能评价存在不可比性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.