卵巢早衰病因及诊治的研究进展

卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)是指初潮以后到40岁之前发生的低雌激素和高促性腺激素状态.近年来,临床上POF的发病率有逐年上升趋势,流行病学调查显示,POF发生率为1%[1],30岁之前的妇女人群发生率约0.1%[2].由于POF导致生育力丧失及低雌激素状态,成为影响妇女生殖健康和社会稳定不可忽视的因素,对POF的病因学及诊治的研究日益受到重视,现综述如下.     

卵巢早衰与促性腺激素受体基因突变的关系

卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)一般被定义为40岁之前绝经,同时伴有高促性腺激素(FSH>40IU/L)和低性腺激素血症.POF的发病率约占妇女群体的1%,在原发性闭经患者中发生率为10%～28%,在继发性闭经患者中发生率为4%～18%[1,2].卵巢早衰对妇女身心健康有着严重影响,患者提早出现围绝经期综合征相关症状,低雌激素水平可导致骨质疏松及生育力的减退.工作单位:湖南省株州市一医院妇产科.     

卵巢早衰的中西医治疗进展

卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)系多种病因所致的卵巢功能衰竭,是指月经初潮年龄正常或青春期延迟,第二性征发育正常的女性在40岁以前出现持续性闭经和性器官萎缩,并伴有血促性腺素升高,卵泡刺激素(FSH>40IU/L)和(或)黄体生成素(LH>30IU/L),而雌激素降低(E2<25pg/ml)的综合征.本病以闭经和不孕为主要临床表现[1],常伴有围绝经期综合征的症状,如潮热、多汗、面部潮红、情绪不稳定、性欲低下、阴道干涩等,影响患者的生活质量.据文献报道,POF在40岁之前的发病率为1%,30岁之前为1‰,原发性闭经患者中POF患病率为10%～28%,继发性闭经患者中POF发生率为4%～18%[2].其发病率有呈逐年上升的趋势,但病因复杂,发病机理不明,目前治疗仍十分棘手且疗效不佳.POF治疗是目前的难点,热点话题,然而"治病求本,从因论治",临床疗效的提高与明确发病原因是密不可分的,现将近年POF病因及治疗研究进展归纳如下.     

卵巢早衰的中医药研究概述

卵巢早衰(Premature Ovarian Failure,POF)发病率占妇女总人群的1%～3%[1],是指月经初潮年龄正常或青春期延迟、第二性征发育正常的女性,在40岁之前出现持续性闭经和性器官萎缩,并伴有卵巢分泌雌激素水平减少和血清中垂体促性腺激素水平增高.     

卵巢早衰研究进展

卵巢早衰(POF)是指妇女在初潮以后到40岁以前由于卵巢功能衰退而引起月经失调、性欲减退、性功能降低、不孕、围绝经期综合征等一系列症状的疾病。其特征是患者的卵巢内无卵母细胞或虽有原始卵泡,但对促性腺激素无反应,表现为低雌激素(E₂)<25ng/L和高促性腺激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)>40U/L或黄体生成素(LLH)>30 U/L]状态。中医学认为本病属“血枯”、“血隔”、“闭经”、“不孕症”等范畴。流行病学调查显示,POF发生率为1%^[1],占继发性闭经原因的2%～10%^[2]。     

四物合五子汤联合西药人工周期治疗卵巢早衰40例疗效观察

正卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)是指40岁以下的女性,表现为雌激素水平低下,促性腺激素水平升高(40IU/L),以闭经、不孕,兼见面色潮红,烘热汗出,情绪波动,白带减少,性欲低下,阴部干燥,生殖器及第二性征逐渐退化为主要临床表现的围绝经期症状[1]。据报道,该病在世界不同人群中的发病率为1~3%[2-3]。随着现代生活及工作压力的增加,该病的发生率逐年升高,并且出现低龄化和高度     

卵巢早衰的病因与治疗

卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)是指月经初潮年龄正常或青春期延迟,第二性征发育正常的妇女在40岁以前由于卵巢功能衰退而持续性停经,并伴有血促性腺激素升高,FSH＞40IU/L和/或LH＞30IU/L,雌二醇减少(E2＜91.75pmol/L,至少持续六个月).     

干细胞移植在卵巢早衰中的应用

<正>卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)是指卵巢功能衰竭所导致的40岁之前即闭经的现象。卵巢早衰的常见临床特点为继发性闭经,伴有不孕和低雌激素。POF在临床上并不少见,其中原发闭经者中占10%~28%,继发闭经者中占4%~18%[1]。POF患者雌激素水平低下,可出现情绪不稳定、心情烦躁、月经失调、性欲减退等相关症状[2]。POF病因复杂,涉及心理、遗传、免疫、酶代谢、感染、环境及医源性因素等方面,但大多数POF病因为特发性[3-4]。其发病机制尚不明确,仍无根本有效的治疗方法。干细胞移植是目前     

卵巢早衰的病因和临床表现

卵巢早衰(POF)指妇女在青春期发育后至40岁之前出现以闭经、不育、血雌激素水平低下,促性腺激素浓度过高为特征的一组疾病.往往伴围绝经期表现.文献报道发病率为1～3%,近年来逐渐为大家所关注.本文就病因和临床表现综述如下.……     

卵巢早衰

自1967年M oraes-R uehsen与Jones首次提出卵巢早衰(P rem ature ovarian fa ilure,POF)的定义——在青春期之后、40岁之前发生的非生理性的月经停止,伴有潮热、原发或继发不孕、全身和生殖器萎缩[1],虽然对POF的研究不断进展,国内外对POF的定义仍未统一,各个定义一致之处在于40岁之前闭经、伴有FSH升高和E下降,不一致之处在于是否包括原发闭经及染色体、基因异常等性发育问题。对POF的认识也有了许多转变,有学者提出POF不再是不可逆的病理过程,而是可以保留残存的卵巢功能,是暂时的或一过性的[2]。目前认为卵巢早衰是一种多病因…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.