肝硬化child分级与血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽水平相关性研究

本文对136例肝硬化患者的 child 分级及其血清 PⅢP 水平进行检测分析,结果发现 child A、B、C 各级病人之间 SPⅢP 水平存在着显著性差异,且肝功能状态越差,其血清 PP 水平越高:而同一病人在不同时期肝功能 child 分级不同状态下,其 SPⅢP 水平随着 child 分级评分升高而升高。我们认为:血清 PⅢP 水平在一定程度上可以反映肝硬化患者的综合肝功能状态并对评估其预后有一定的临床意义.     

病毒因素及其防治在慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化中的地位

自然史研究证明慢性乙型肝炎（chronic hepatitis B,CHB）肝硬化的发生和发展与HBV复制密切相关。临床研究已证实核苷类似物特别是拉米夫定抑制CHB失代偿性肝硬化是安全有效的,表现在近期可阻断病毒复制所诱导的炎症反应,远期则可减少疾病发作及失代偿。临床治疗的过程需要3～6个月,这提示应在病程早期开始应用核苷类似物治疗。通过抗病毒治疗会使部分患者疾病好转或恢复,生活质量乃至存活率提高而无须进行原位肝移植。对于必须进行肝移植者,可显著降低移植后HBV再感染率。随着阿德福韦、恩替卡韦、替比夫定、替诺福韦及恩曲他滨等核苷类似物的出现,相关治疗的选择逐渐增多,联合治疗的选择也相应增多,但选用时应充分考虑疾病进展、病毒载量、经济条件及长期用药的可持续性（耐药后的处理）等多种影响因素。     

Serum hyaluronan and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in primary biliary cirrhosis: relation to clinical symptoms, liver histopathology and outcome.

Hyaluronan (HA) and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), two biochemical connective tissue markers, were determined in 76 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The HA and PIIINP concentrations were significantly increased compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Both HA and PIIINP levels correlated significantly with conventional liver-function tests. All patients with stage IV PBC showed increased concentrations of both these variables. However, HA was a better marker with regard to prediction of development of cirrhosis as well as prediction of symptoms. Furthermore, HA also showed a negative correlation with time of survival (P less than 0.05). The present data indicate that HA is a more sensitive marker of liver damage in PBC than PIIINP.     

Serum carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen to amino terminal propeptide of type III procollagen ratio is a better indicator than each single propeptide and 7S domain type IV collagen for progressive fibrogenesis in chronic viral liver diseases

Twenty chronic viral hepatitis patients, mainly with hepatitis B related with progression to liver cirrhosis were included for an assay of serum collagen markers: PICP (carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), PIIINP (amino terminal propeptide of type III procollagen), and 7S-IV (7S-domain type IV collagen). PICP is increased in 20% of chronic hepatitis patients with a mean of 190.3 ng/ml, which is not different from that of the follow-up concentration in liver cirrhosis, where 35% of cases were abnormal with a mean of 220.5 ng/ml. The serum level and percent of abnormality of PIIICP in chronic hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis are 23.5 ng/ml vs 14.8 ng/ml and 90% vs 100%, respectively (P>0.05). PICP/PIIINP is significantly higher during liver cirrhosis (15.11 vs 10.08,P<0.05). PICP during chronic hepatitis is not related to serum biochemical changes, while PICP during liver cirrhosis and PIIINP are correlated with hepatic enzymes. 7S-IV in chronic hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis is 14.0 ng/ml vs 10.9 ng/ml, respectively; both were positively correlated with hepatic enzymes. These results suggest that PICP/PIIINP is a better indicator of hepatic fibrogenesis than either PICP or PIIINP alone in viral hepatitis. A ratio of more than 12 is suggestive of liver cirrhosis.     

慢型克山病患者血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基末端肽浓度的变化

目的　探讨慢型克山病患者血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基末端肽 (PⅠCP)浓度的变化。方法　用ELISA方法测定了观察对象的血清PⅠCP的浓度。结果　黑龙江省慢型克山病患者血清PⅠCP浓度 (56.42± 8.10 ) μg/L显著高于病区正常人 (49.2 1± 4.98) μg/L(P <0 .0 1) ;病区正常人的血清PⅠCP浓度显著高于非病区正常人(40 .85± 6.75) μg/L(P <0 .0 0 1)。四川省病区正常儿童血清PⅠCP(52 .53± 12 .91) μg/L高于非病区正常儿童(45.91± 6.0 2 ) μg/L ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　慢型克山病患者机体胶原合成活跃 ,血清PⅠCP有可能成为监测慢型克山病的一个指标 ;病区正常人机体胶原代谢异常及其意义值得进一步研究     

Neuropsychiatric dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

Aim: The aim of this study is to clarify the cerebral functions in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) as well as those with liver cirrhosis (LC). Methods: We studied 58 patients with CH (20 in fibrosis stage F1, 20 in F2, 18 in F3), 77 with LC (46 rated as Child–Pugh class A, 24 as B, 7 as C), and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). Computer‐aided quantitative neuropsychiatric function test systems, including eight neuropsychiatric tests were performed. Results: Subjects with results over the cut‐off value for healthy subjects ranged from 11.1–28.6% in CH and 19.5–36.4% in LC. The percentages with abnormality in at least one test in CH and LC were 72.4% and 80.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the HV group (35.0%) (P = 0.003, P = 0.0003, respectively). Among CH subjects, those with three or more abnormal results in the F1, F2 and F3 subgroups were 15.0%, 20.0% and 38.9%, respectively. Among LC subjects, those with three or more abnormal results in the Child–Pugh class A, B and C subgroups comprised 30.4%, 50.0% and 57.1%, respectively. The rate in the CH F3 subgroup (P = 0.011) and in all three LC subgroups (P = 0.023, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively) were significantly higher than that in the HV group. Conclusion: The percentage of patients with neuropsychiatric function impairment was high in both LC and CH, especially in stage F3. Neuropsychiatric dysfunction may initiate in CH in a considerable number of patients.     

血清HGVRNA阳性病毒性肝炎94例研究

目的分析血清HGVRNA阳性病毒性肝炎的临床特点。方法全部病例入院后即检测血清AB，C，D，E型肝炎病毒标志及肝功能试验，抗-HGV采用ELISA法，HGVRNA采用RT-PCR法，均由302医院免疫室统一检测．结果在94例血清HGVRNA阳性患者中，单纯HGV感染（单纯感染组）18例，HGV合并其他肝炎病毒感染（合并感染组）76例，单纯感染组中以急性肝炎为主（61．1％），合并感染组以HBV＋HGV感染最多，占引例（5．3％）．51例中，以慢性肝炎（41．2％）及肝硬变（37．2％）为主，单纯HGV感染临床可表现为急、慢性肝炎及重型肝炎，其中，急性肝炎临床特点为：消化道症状较轻：半数以上有轻-中度黄疸，也可有重度黄疸者；ALT轻度增高；全部病例恢复顺利，合并感染组病情恢复也较顺利．11例重型肝炎，生存率45．4％．HGV与HBV合并感染者中，住院期间，HBsAg阴转率24．0％，HBeAg阴转率62．5％，HBVDNA阴转率55．6％结论单纯HGV感染以急性肝炎为主，亦可见于慢性肝炎及重型肝炎，合并感染级以慢性肝炎及肝硬变为主，并分析各自临床特点HGV与HBV合并感染时，对HBV可能有抑制作用.     

Determination of procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis

Our objective was to clarify the relationship between the serum levels of procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) and the extent of skin sclerosis or pulmonary fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Thirty-eight SSc patients and 36 control subjects were examined for serum PICP levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SSc patients were divided into two subgroups according to the grade of skin sclerosis. Mean PICP level in the SSc patients was significantly higher than that in the normal controls. In 53% of the SSc patients, the serum PICP levels were elevated more than 3 SD above the mean control value. The SSc patients with elevated serum PICP levels showed a high incidence of pulmonary fibrosis of diffuse skin sclerosis compared to those with normal PICP levels. Moreover, in 17 patients with pulmonary fibrosis there was an increase in the percentage of patients with elevated PICP levels in the group with diffuse SSc compared to that in the limited SSc group. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between PICP levels and partial pressure of arterial oxygen levels (r=−0.744). We conclude that serum PICP levels may be a useful parameter for the evaluation of skin sclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis of SSc patients.     

苦参素对慢性病毒性肝炎及肝硬化患者血清胆碱酯酶影响的初步观察

观察苦参素对慢性病毒性肝炎及肝炎后肝硬化患者血清胆碱酯酶的影响。 4 8例患者分成慢性肝炎组(36例 )和肝硬化组 (12例 ) ,检测苦参素治疗前、后患者血清中胆碱酯酶及肝功能生化指标。苦参素治疗后患者血清胆碱酯酶明显下降 ,但疗程大于 3个月后 ,胆碱酯酶可稳定于一个较低的水平 ;患者均未出现明显的副反应 ;停药后胆碱酯酶能较快地恢复原水平。苦参素能明显降低患者血清中胆碱酯酶水平 ,而且这种作用为可逆性 ,可能不会引起明显的不良反应。     

Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis in alcoholic patients: histological evidence for hepatitis C virus responsibility

ABSTRACT— Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been proposed to be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic alcoholism. The demonstration of a different liver histological pattern in anti-HCV positive patients might provide additional evidence. We studied 164 patients with chronic alcoholism, and histologically proven cirrhosis. For all of them, serum samples were collected at the time of a liver biopsy and stored at –80°C. Testing for anti-HCV antibodies was done using the Ortho Diagnostic Systems Anti-HCV ELISA test. Only reproducible results were considered positive. A semi-quantitative assessment of seven histological parameters was made independently on liver biopsy samples. In the study group, 29 patients (18%) had anti-HCV antibodies. When compared with anti-HCV negative patients, both groups had similar ALT and AST seric activities. Anti-HCV positive patients had a greater score of mononuclear cells infiltrate (0.71±0.57 vs 0.41 ±0.52; p<0.05) and a lesser score of alcoholic hepatitis (0.19 ±0.57 vs 0.74 ±0.74; p<0.005). The scores for steatosis, perisinusoidal and perinodular fibrosis, and hepatocellular necrosis were similar in the two groups. In anti-HCV positive patients, with a clearly positive recombinant immunobinding assay (RIBA, Chiron-Ortho Diagnostic Systems), a greater score for hepatic necrosis and a lesser one for fibrosis were demonstrated. Among the seven patients with active cirrhosis, six were anti-HCV positive. Therefore, HCV is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of liver damage in a few patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, especially, those with active cirrhosis.     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清网膜素、视黄醇结合蛋白4和Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽水平及意义分析*

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者血清网膜素、视黄醇结合蛋白-4(RBP4)和Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)水平变化及其临床意义。方法 2019年6月～2021年12月我院诊治的T2DM合并NAFLD患者102例(轻度39例,中度34例,重度29例)和T2DM患者98例,使用超声检查行脂肪肝分度,采用ELISA法检测血清网膜素、RBP4和PINP水平,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估各指标诊断NAFLD严重程度的效能。结果 T2DM合并NAFLD患者血清网膜素和PINP水平分别为(45.4±12.4)ng/mL和(29.6±6.2)ng/mL,显著低于T2DM患者【分别为(68.3±15.6)ng/mL和(35.8±7.3)ng/mL,P＜0.05】,而血清RBP4水平为(26.6±5.1)mg/L,显著高于T2DM患者【(20.1±4.6)mg/L,P＜0.05】;重度NAFLD患者血清网膜素和PINP水平分别为(40.7±4.9)ng/mL和(25.8±3.7)ng/mL,显著低于中度患者【分别为(45.2±5.6)ng/mL和(29.9±4.0)ng/mL,P＜0.05】或轻度患者【分别为(49.1±6.2)ng/mL和(32.2±3.3)ng/mL,P＜0.05】,而血清RBP4水平为(30.3±3.0)mg/L,显著高于中度患者【(26.5±2.8)mg/L,P＜0.05】或轻度患者【(23.9±3.1)mg/L,P＜0.05】;联合血清网膜素、RBP4和PINP诊断T2DM合并重度NAFLD的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.856,其灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为86.2%、79.5%和81.4%,显著高于三项指标单独评估(其AUC分别为0.744、0.752和0.704,P＜0.05)。结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者血清网膜素和PINP水平显著降低,而RBP4水平显著升高,利用这些指标的变化规律可能能帮助临床判断合并脂肪肝的程度,值得进一步研究。     

Is determination of serum N-terminal procollagen type III peptide (sPIIIP) a marker of hepatic fibrosis?

Serum N-terminal procollagen type III peptide (sPIIIP) levels were evaluated in 58 patients affected by chronic liver disease, in order to assess the usefulness of sPIIIP as a marker of hepatic fibrosis. In 45 patients sPIIIP was also correlated to liver histology; biopsies were scored by two of the authors, without knowledge of diagnosis. Compared to normal controls, sPIIIP concentration was found to be significantly elevated in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and in cirrhosis, but not in fatty liver. Patients affected by chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) had values of sPIIIP higher than normal in four of 11 cases considered. A close correlation was found between sPIIIP values and histological parameters of inflammation, necrosis, and degeneration, while the relationship between sPIIIP levels and fibrosis was weaker. These data suggest that sPIIIP determination may reflect the extent of inflammatory changes in the liver; but it cannot be considered a reliable index of hepatic fibrosis.     

肝硬变时细胞外基质代谢的血清学研究

目的研究肝纤维化时细胞外基质代谢的血清学变化规律,以及抗肝纤维化治疗的重要性．方法实验对象２６９例分为３个观察组,即正常对照组（ｎ＝３０）ＣｈｉｌｄＡ组（ｎ＝１０３）及ＣｈｉｌｄＢ＋Ｃ组（ｎ＝１６６）．对每例观察对象作血清透明质酸（ＨＡ）,Ⅲ型前胶原肽（ＰⅢＰ）,Ⅳ型前胶原肽（ＰⅣＰ）．层粘蛋白（ＬＮ）水平测定和肝功能有关指标,如ＡＳＴ,ＡＬＴ,甘胆酸（ＣＧ）和吲哚氰绿（ＩＣＧ）潴留率等检测．结果和正常组比较,ＣｈｉｌｄＡ组及ＣｈｉｌｄＢ＋Ｃ组ＨＡ,ＰⅢＰ,ＰⅣＰ,ＬＮ以及ＡＬＴ,ＡＳＴ,ＣＧ,ＩＣＧ潴留率均值呈异常升高（Ｐ＜００１）,但ＣｈｉｌｄＡ组及ＣｈｉｌｄＢ＋Ｃ组间无统计学差异．进一步研究还发现ＰⅢＰ,ＰⅣＰ,ＨＡ以及ＬＮ等血清浓度和ＣＧ,ＩＣＧ潴留率,ＡＳＴ,ＡＬＴ间呈密切正相关,经保肝、利胆等治疗,在血清ＡＳＴ,ＡＬＴ,ＣＧ及ＩＣＧ潴留率好转后ＨＡ,ＰⅢＰ,ＰⅣＰ,ＬＮ的血清水平也呈同向变化．结论部分肝硬变患者,肝纤维化的形成仍很活跃,积极有效的保肝,利胆,抗纤维化治疗十分必要     

Elevated carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen in alcoholic cirrhosis: relation to liver and kidney function and bone metabolism

BACKGROUND: The carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) has been put forward as a marker of bone resorption. Patients with alcoholic liver disease may have osteodystrophy. AIMS: To assess circulating and regional concentrations of ICTP in relation to liver dysfunction, bone metabolism, and fibrosis. METHODS: In 15 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 20 controls, hepatic venous, renal venous, and femoral arterial concentrations of ICTP, and bone mass and metabolism were measured. RESULTS: Circulating ICTP was higher in patients with cirrhosis than in controls. No overall significant hepatic disposal or production was found in the patient or control groups but slightly increased production was found in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Significant renal extraction was observed in the controls, whereas only a borderline significant extraction was observed in the patients. Measurements of bone mass and metabolism indicated only a mild degree of osteodystrophy in the patients with cirrhosis. ICTP correlated significantly in the cirrhotic patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction and fibrosis, but not with measurements of bone mass or metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: ICTP is highly elevated in patients with cirrhosis, with no detectable hepatic net production or disposal. No relation between ICTP and markers of bone metabolism was identified, but there was a relation to indicators of liver dysfunction and fibrosis. As the cirrhotic patients conceivably only had mild osteopenia, the elevated ICTP in cirrhosis may therefore primarily reflect liver failure and hepatic fibrosis.     

Expression of type I interferon receptor in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis C patients

To assess whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be substituted for liver tissue in monitoring the hepatic expression of interferon receptors (IFNAR1 and/or IFNAR2) in chronic hepatitis C, we quantified the mRNA of both subunits, using the competitive polymerase chain reaction, in the liver specimens from 37 chronic hepatitis C patients and in PBMCs from 29 of 37 patients. PBMCs from 10 healthy subjects were also quantified for both subunits. Hepatic expression of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 were more frequent than PBMCs: IFNAR1, 23/27 (85%) vs 7/19 (37%), P = 0.0021, IFNAR2, 34/37 (92%) vs 19/29 (66%), P = 0.0182. Neither subunits was detected in PBMCs from control subjects. The expression level of IFNAR2 in the liver was related to that in PBMCs (r = 0.613, P = 0.0052). These results suggest that hepatitis C virus infection may up-regulate the expression of the type I interferon receptor and that the measurement of IFNAR2 expression in PBMCs may be useful for monitoring its expression in liver.     

酒精性肝硬化与乙型肝炎肝硬化并发糖代谢异常男性患者的临床特征对比分析

目的探讨并发糖代谢异常的男性酒精性肝硬化(ALC)与乙型肝炎肝硬化(HBC)患者的临床特征。方法收集2008年1月-2013年9月于广州市番禺区中心医院住院的肝硬化患者287例,包含ALC患者74例,均为男性,其中并发糖代谢异常者54例;HBC患者213例,其中并发糖代谢异常者97例(男69例、女28例)。对并发糖代谢异常的ALC和HBC患者的临床资料进行分组对照研究,探讨患者临床表现和实验室检查指标、胰岛素抵抗指数、糖代谢异常发生率及其与Child-Pugh分级的关系。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,采用Spearman进行等级相关分析。结果 ALC男性患者糖代谢异常发生率(73.0%vs 32.4%)、肝源性糖尿病发生率(35.1%vs 14.6%)、空腹低血糖发生率(27.0%vs 10.3%)和糖耐量异常发生率(31.1%vs 14.1%)均高于HBC患者(χ2值分别为4.371、3.274、4.784、1.633,P值均0.05);Spearman相关性分析显示,ALC和HBC男性患者糖代谢异常发生率与Child-Pugh分级呈正相关(rs=0.41,P0.05);并发糖代谢异常的ALC患者,Child-Pugh A级所占比例高于并发糖代谢异常的HBC患者;Child-Pugh C级所占比例低于并发糖代谢异常的HBC患者,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为7.520、6.542,P值分别为0.001、0.003);并发糖代谢异常的ALC和HBC男性患者的面色晦暗、面部毛细血管扩张、蜘蛛痣、肝大、肝肾综合征、营养不良、腹水、黄疸、肝性脑病、自发性细菌性腹膜炎和上消化道出血的发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为3.785、2.651、1.974、3.316、3.771、5.843、7.251、5.214、4.726、2.966、6.312,P值均0.05);与并发糖代谢异常的男性HBC患者相比,并发糖代谢异常的男性ALC患者的AST、TBil、平均红细胞体积、GGT较高,白蛋白较低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.378、2.587、2.633、2.681、2.210,P值均0.05);并发糖代谢异常的ALC和HBC男性患者的空腹血糖水平、餐后2 h胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.378、1.976、1.991,P值均0.05)。结论男性ALC和HBC患者糖代谢异常发生率随肝功能恶化逐步升高,但二者均多以其各自病因肝硬化特征为主要表现,糖代谢异常表现不明显。对这两种不同病因肝硬化男性患者应及时进行相关检查,以明确是否存在糖代谢异常。     

Alpha-interferon improves liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: clinical significance of the serum N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III

Our objective was to estimate the effect of interferon (IFN) on the evolution of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and the significance of the N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIIP) as a marker of fibrogenesis. One hundred seventeen patients, 72 male (61%) and 45 female (39%), with a mean age of 40.7 ± 11.9 years were treated with 2b-IFN, 3 to 5 MU, for 12 months: sustained responders (SR = 44), relapsers (RR = 35), and nonresponders (NR = 38). Liver biopsies were performed before treatment and 1 year after cessation of IFN for evaluation of the histological activity index (HAI). Serum PIIIP was obtained at the time of liver biopsy, at the beginning, during, and end of therapy and during the follow-up. The normal value in 29 healthy individuals was 0.37 ± 0.18 U/L. Staging was reduced in 58% of SR, 12.5% of RR, and 11.5% of NR. There was a correlation between PIIIP and the HAI before (n = 71, r _s = 0.41, P < 0.0004) and after IFN (n = 71, r _s = 0.58, P < 0.0001). The SR had a better improvement in grading (90.3%; P < 0.05) and staging (58%; P < 0.001). The correlation of the HAI parameters with the variation of PIIIP showed significance only for fibrosis (r _s = 0.36, P < 0.002) and portal inflammation (r _s = 0.35, P < 0.01). PIIIP normalized only in patients whose fibrosis improved (P < 0.01). At the end of therapy, PIIIP had a predictive value in the distinction of SR from RR (PPV, 64; PNV, 55.6). During the follow-up, PIIIP remained lower in SR compared with RR and NR (P < 0.002). The response to -IFN improved liver inflammation and fibrosis. Serum PIIIP is a useful noninvasive method to evaluate serially fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN.     

Bacteremia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

ABSTRACT— Infections are frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis, as their defenses against infectious agents are altered. But bacteremia occurring in cirrhotic patients has seldom been reported in the literature. From 1981 to 1986, we collected 197 cases with 228 episodes of bacteremia for this retrospective study. The incidence of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients was 8.8%; no significant difference was noted between cirrhotic patients with variant etiologies of HBV(+), HBV(–) and alcohol. But the incidence increased with the severity of the disease (1%, 4.8%, 17.1% in Child's A, B, C groups, respectively). Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms of bacteremia (75.6%). Among them, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aeromonas hydrophilia were the three most commonly detected microorganisms. Gram-positive bacterias were detected in 21.2% of patients with bacteremia, with predominance of the Streptococcus group and Staphylococcus aureus. In about 26.3% of cases the infectious sources were the same by bacteria cultures as from blood. The most common sources were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia and biliary tree infection. In cirrhotic patients with and without bacteremia, the mortality rate increased significantly in the bacteremia group (54.8% vs 23.2%, P<0.05). By Child's classification, the mortality of patients with classes B and C increased significantly after onset of bacteremia. There was no significant difference in mortality between bacteremic patients in the HBV(+), HBV(–) and alcohol groups. In conclusion, bacteremia is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis and a sign of a poor prognosis.     

病毒性肝炎患者血浆一氧化氮和内皮素水平及意义

各型病毒性肝炎及活动性肝硬化患者共２１３例,采用镉柱还原法及重氮化法检测ＮＯ＾－２／ＮＯ＾－３水平,放免法检测了ＥＴ－１水平。急性肝为,慢性活动型肝炎,肝炎肝硬化等各型肝病患者血清ＮＯ＾－２／ＮＯ＾－３及ＥＴ－１水平均有不同程度的升高,肝炎急性期ＮＯ就有明显升高,慢性肝病ＮＯ与ＥＴ随病情进展水平升高,二者水平良好的相关性。