乙型肝炎病毒基因组转基因小鼠模型的制备与鉴定

目的 建立一种新的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因组高效复制与表达转基因小鼠模型,以用于抗HBV药物筛选和乙型肝炎发病机制的研究。方法 以加长的ayw亚型HBV全基因组作为目的基因,采用显微注射技术,转导于小鼠受精卵细胞雄原核,然后将受精卵细胞移植于受体假孕母鼠输卵管内,发育产生子代小鼠。鼠尾组织聚合酶链反应(PCR)筛选、Southern印迹鉴定后,再用酶链免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗原及e抗原,Southern印迹检测血清HBV DNA。结果 实验获子代小鼠61只,鼠尾组织经PCR筛选、Southern印迹鉴定18只阳性,血清乙型肝炎表面抗原及e抗原、HBV DNA呈阳性反应7只。结论 1.3倍加长的HBV全基因组转基因小鼠具有较高的复制、表达效率。     

Preliminary study on the production of transgenic mice harboring hepatitis B virus X gene

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｅｓｐｉｔｅｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｉｎｇｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｌｉｎｋｉｎｇｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢＶｉｒｕｓ（ＨＢＶ）ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｅｐａｔｏ...     

高表达乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠的制备

目的 制备高表达乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）转基因小鼠,为乙型肝炎研究提供较理想动物模型。方法 构建、筛选高表达ＨＢＶ质粒载体。用显微注射法导入昆明鼠受精卵雄性原核,用ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、放射免疫、免疫组织化学等方法分析ＨＢＶ基因在小鼠体内的整合、表达情况。结果 显微注射１４５６枚卵,产仔１１８只,整合阳性２５只,１１只血清ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ、ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性,其中２只血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ含量高于１０００ｎｇ／ｍｌ,且子代鼠中达到９００ｎｇ／ｍｌ。肝组织免疫组化分析发现有ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ表达,未见明显病理学改变。结论 已初步获得高表达ＨＢＶ转基因小鼠。     

乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠免疫耐受状态及血液生物化学指标的研究

目的 了解HBV转基因鼠HBV基因的复制表达和免疫耐受状态,为探讨乙型肝炎发病机制和抗HBV新药评价提供可靠的参考依据.方法 选取遗传背景相同的SPE级HBsAg阴性非转基因鼠和转基因鼠.化学发光法检测HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV DNA,ELISA检测前S1、HBcAg,肝组织行病理学检查,免疫组织化学染色检测不同时期转基因鼠肝HBsAg表达,流式细胞仪检测小鼠淋巴细胞增殖情况,酶联免疫斑点检测(ELISPOT)分泌IFNγ的T淋巴细胞斑点数,双色免疫荧光法检测脾细胞悬液和脾树突状细胞(DC)中Toll样受体(TLR)2和TLR9的表达.数据行t检验和F检验.结果 HBV转基因鼠可复制表达HBsAg、前S1、HBeAg、HBcAg和HBVDNA,而抗-HBs、抗-HBc、抗-HBe均阴性;肝组织无明显病理改变,肝细胞中HBsAg在胞质表达,HBcAg在胞核表达.HBsAg刺激后,HBV转基因鼠T淋巴细胞增殖能力为(697.6±67.3)cpm,显著低于非转基因鼠的(1315.5±191.6)cpm.经HBsAg刺激后,HBV转基因鼠脾细胞分泌IFNγ的T淋巴细胞斑点数为8.25±1.10,低于非转基因鼠的28.50±4.21(F=155.967,P=0.000).HBV转基因DC表达CD11c+、TLR2和TLR9与非转基因鼠比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).在18日龄胎鼠和1日龄仔鼠肝组织观察到HBsAg表达.结论 HBV转基因鼠有HBV相关抗原表达,并对HBV相关抗原存在免疫耐受,其先天和获得性免疫功能均正常,类似于人类慢性HBV无症状携带者.HBV转基因鼠是比较理想的动物模型.     

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by APOBEC3G in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To investigate the effect of APOBEC3G mediated antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cell cultures and replication competent HBV vector-based mouse model. METHODS: The mammalian hepatoma cells Huh7 and HepG2 were cotransfected with various amounts of CMV-driven expression vector encoding APOBEC3G and replication competent 1.3 fold over-length HBV. Levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the media of the transfected cells were determined by ELISA. The expression of HBcAg in transfected cells was detected by western blot. HBV DNA and RNA from intracellular core particles were examined by Northern and Southern blot analyses. To assess activity of the APOBEC3G in vivo, an HBV vector-based model was used in which APOBEC3G and the HBV vector were co-delivered via high-volume tail vein injection. Levels of HBsAg and HBV DNA in the sera of mice as well as HBV core-associated RNA in the liver of mice were determined by ELISA and quantitative PCR analysis respectively. RESULTS: There was a dose dependent decrease in the levels of intracellular core-associated HBV DNA and extracellular production of HBsAg and HBeAg. The levels of intracellular core-associated viral RNA also decreased, but the expression of HBcAg in transfected cells showed almost no change. Consistent with In vitro results, levels of HBsAg in the sera of mice were dramatically decreased. More than 1.5 log 10 decrease in levels of serum HBV DNA and liver HBV RNA were observed in the APOBEC3G-treated groups compared with the control groups. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that APOBEC3G could suppress HBV replication and antigen expression both in vivo and in vitro, promising an advance in treatment of HBV infection.     

HBV感染性克隆长度对其复制能力的影响

目的比较不同长度HBV感染性克隆复制能力的差异,为HBV复制相关研究提供依据。方法采用分子克隆的方法体外分别扩增HBV基因组的相应片段,并进行连接,分别构建含1.1、1.2、1.3倍HBV基因组的可复制性克隆。体外转染Huh7细胞系评价抗原分泌和病毒复制情况,使用高压水注射建立急性感染小鼠模型评价病毒分泌情况以及抗原在小鼠肝脏内的表达情况。结果所构建的克隆体外转染Huh-7细胞后均可分泌高浓度的HBsAg,而1.3倍HBV基因组的可复制性克隆HBeAg的分泌能力明显强于其他克隆,转录水平也最高。高压尾静脉注射小鼠后肝组织内均可检测到HBcAg的分布,血清中可以检测到HBV DNA并随时间发生动态变化。其蛋白表达水平和病毒分泌能力均以1.3倍HBV基因组的可复制性克隆较高。结论所构建的克隆在体外及体内均可进行复制,其中含HBV全基因组1.3倍体的可复制性克隆的复制能力最强,可以较好反映来源病毒株的天然复制能力。     

调控型表达丙型肝炎病毒NS3／4A蛋白酶转基因小鼠的建立

目的建立调控因素存在下表达丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的转基因小鼠。方法采用分子克隆技术构建可受Tet-On调控系统和Cre-LoxP基因敲除系统双重调控表达HCV NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的真核表达质粒PBI-Ⅲ/LoxP-Luc-PolyA-LoxP-NS3/4A。该重组质粒线性化后,经显微注射制备转基因小鼠。首建鼠及经PCR检测阳性的子代鼠与C57BL/6小鼠交配传代。选择部分F2鼠与已经稳定建系的转基因小鼠Lap杂交,利用在体生物发光成像系统（BLI）检测肝脏稳定表达荧光素酶（Luc）报告基因的经盐酸强力霉素（Dox）诱导的双转基因子代鼠,并选择性针对稳定表达系传代扩群。结果酶切鉴定和测序分析显示重组载体构建成功。经PCR检测得到6只转基因首建鼠,其中3只可繁殖传代并持续检测到阳性子代鼠。BLI结果显示,由其中1只首建鼠传代而来的不同F2鼠与Lap鼠杂交得到的部分双转基因鼠肝脏部位发光信号强烈,表明这些小鼠肝细胞内报告基因Luc特异高效表达。结论建立了转基因小鼠NS3/4A,并筛选到调控因素存在时转入外源基因特异稳定表达的转基因小鼠,为进一步建立严格调控型表达NS3/4A蛋白酶的小鼠模型奠定基础。     

慢乙肝患者血清及肝组织HBVDNA表达及基因芯片检测研究

用点样仪将 PCR扩增的 HBVDNA探针制成基因芯片 ,对 15例慢性乙型肝炎 (下称慢乙肝 )患者的血清及肝活检组织 ,分别用基因芯片、原位分子杂交法、免疫组织化学法、雅培试剂检测 HBVDNA、HBc Ag、HBs Ag、HBe Ag。结果 15例患者的血清 HBs Ag、HBe Ag及基因芯片检测均阳性。15例肝组织标本中 ,免疫组化法HBc Ag阳性 15例 ,HBVDNA原位分子杂交法阳性 14例 ,基因芯片检测阳性 14例。认为肝炎基因诊断可同时检测乙肝患者血清及肝组织中的 HBVDNA。     

B基因型乙型肝炎病毒感染性克隆的构建及其复制能力评价

目的 构建在亚太地区广泛流行的B基因型HBV可复制性克降,为该基因型相关研究奠定基础.方法 采用分子克隆的方法在体外分别扩增HBV基因组的相应片段,并进行连接,构建含1.3倍HBV基因组的可复制性克隆.体外转染Huh7细胞系以评价其抗原分泌和病毒复制的情况,使用高压尾静脉注射建立急性感染小鼠模型以评价体内病毒分泌情况以及肝内抗原表达的情况.结果 所构建的克隆体外转染Huh7细胞后可分泌高浓度的HBsAg和HBeAg,并可以检测到明显的转录子和复制中间体.高压尾静脉注射小鼠后肝组织内可检测到HBcAg表达,血清中可以检测到HBV DNA,其水平随时间发生动态变化.结论 所构建的克隆在体外及体内均可进行复制,具有良好的复制能力.     

Expression and replication of hepatitis B virus genome in transgenic mice.

We produced transgenic mice by microinjecting a partial tandem duplication of the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 mice. One of eight transgenic mice was a high producer for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum. The HBV genomes were transmitted to the next generation and these F1 mice also produced HBsAg and HBeAg. mRNAs of 3.5, 2.1, and 0.8 kilobases were detected in the livers and the kidneys of these mice. In addition, a 0.8-kilobase RNA was detected in the testis. Single-stranded and partially double-stranded HBV DNAs were shown to be produced in the cytoplasm of the liver and kidneys. These HBV DNAs were associated with the core particles, indistinguishable from nucleocapsid produced in an infected human liver. Viral genome DNA was detected in the serum. These results demonstrate that the HBV genome integrated into the mouse chromosome acted as a template for viral gene expression, allowing viral replication. Thus, these transgenic mice should be useful for detailed studies of the replication and expression of HBV and for pathological studies of hepatitis, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.     

乙型肝炎患者血清中HBcAg与HBV复制指标的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者血清ＨＢｃＡｇ与ＨＢＶ复制指标的关系及临床意义．方法对３１１例乙型肝炎患者进行了ＨＢｃＡｇ检测，并同时进行酶联法乙肝五项、地高辛法ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检测，其中２３７例进行乙肝ＤＮＡ聚合酶（ＤＮＡＰ）检测．结果ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性组的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率（７７６％），明显高于ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性组（３５５％，Ｐ＜００１）；在ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性组中，抗ＨＢｅ阳性者仍能检出２９９％（４４／１４７）ＨＢＶＤＮＡ者阳性；ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＨＢｃＡｇ均阳性者其ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＤＮＡＰ的检出率高达８５９％；其他依次为ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗ＨＢｅ和ＨＢｃＡｇ均阳性者７１４％，抗ＨＢｅ，ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性者６９２％，ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性，ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性者６８４％，抗ＨＢｅ阳性，ＨＢｃＡｇ阴性者２７６％．结论血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，ＤＮＡＰ，ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢｃＡｇ均是反映乙肝病毒复制的敏感指标，抗ＨＢｅ的出现并不表示病毒复制停止，应参考其他病毒复制指标情况．各种指标的不同组合可以清楚地反映出患者体内病毒复制状况．     

基因重组HBV联合表达反义RNA和显性阴性突变体抗HBV作用及HBV包装细胞系的构建

目的探讨HBV作为基因治疗载体的可能性并检验其联合表达反义RNA和显性阴性突变体抗HBV的作用.方法在表达完整HBV颗粒的质粒上,经基因修饰后联合表达S区反义RNA和核心-p蛋白的融合蛋白,整合于具有HBV复制的2.2.15细胞,形成细胞克隆,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg,斑点杂交法检测细胞内HBV核壳中HBV DNA,PCR检测上清液中重组HBV颗粒.HBV全基因经删除包装信号ε区后,插入到G418抗性pCI-neo载体,转染HepG2细胞系,用G418筛选形成细胞克隆,检测表达HBsAg及HBcAg较多者作为HBV包装细胞系,进一步转染表达复制缺损型HBV的质粒,经两种抗生素同时筛选,PCR方法观察上清液中的病毒.结果2.2.15-pMEP4组、2.2.15-CP组、2.2.15-SAS组和2.2.15-CPAS组,对HBsAg平均抑制率分别为2.74%±3.83%、40.08%±2.05%(t=35.5,P＜0.01)、66.54%±4.45%(t=42.3,P＜0.01)和73.68%±5.07%(t=51.9,P＜0.01);对HBeAg平均抑制率分别为4.46%±4.25%、52.86%±1.32%(t=36.2,P＜0.01)、26.36%±1.69%(t=22.3,P＜0.01)和59.28%±2.10%(t=39.0,P＜0.01);对HBV复制的抑制率分别为0、82.0%、59.9%和96.6%.在各治疗组培养上清液中均能检测出重组HBV颗粒.证明包装细胞系具有HBsAg和HBcAg表达,pMEP-CPAS质粒转染G418抗性包装细胞系,在细胞培养上清液中检出重组HBV,未检出野生型HBV.结论在同一载体上联合表达S区反义RNA及核心蛋白与部分P蛋白的融合蛋白,具有较单一机制更强的抗HBV作用;经修饰后的HBV基因组在野生型HBV辅助下,仍能包装并分泌完整的HBV样颗粒.包装细胞系能为复制缺损型HBV提供包装,但效率较低.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织HBV cccDNA、总HBV DNA与血清HBV DNA的相关性及其与临床的关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织HBV共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA）、肝组织总HBV DNA（HBV tDNA）与血清HBV DNA之间的相关性及其与临床的关系。方法 78例慢性乙型肝炎患者入选本研究。肝组织β- globinDNA、HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测,平均每个肝细胞HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA含量（拷贝/cell）=HBV cccDNA（实测值）/β-globin DNA（实测值）和HBV tDNA（实测值）/β3-globin DNA（实测值）,肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA含量的计算单位定义为log₁₀拷贝/10⁶cell;采用实时荧光定量PCR、ELISA法检测血清HBVDNA和HBV标志物;采用免疫组织化学方法检测肝细胞中HBsAg和HBcAg的表达。统计分析采用pearson相关分析及t检验。结果 （1）肝组织HBV cccDNA与HBV tDNA定量呈正相关（r=0.696,P<0.001）;肝组织HBV cccDNA与血清HBV DNA定量呈正相关（r=0.304,P<0.01）;肝组织HBV tDNA与血清HBV DNA定量呈正相关（r=0.341,P<0.01）;（2）肝细胞内HBcAg定性检测阳性患者的血清HBV DNA定量明显高于阴性患者,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肝细胞内HBcAg定性检测阳性患者与阴性患者的肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA定量差异均无统计学意义和（P均>0.05）;（3）肝细胞内HBsAg定性检测阳性患者的血清HBV DNA定量明显高于阴性患者,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肝细胞内HBsAg定性检测阳性患者与阴性患者的肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA定量差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;（4）HBeAg（+）/抗-HBe（-）患者血清HBV DNA定量明显高于HBeAg（-）/抗-HBe（+）患者,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;HBeAg（+）/抗-HBe（-）患者肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA定量与HBeAg（-）/抗-HBe（+）患者比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;（5）肝组织HBV cccDNA、HBV tDNA以及血清HBV DNA三者与肝脏炎症活动度及纤维化程度均无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论 （1）血清HBV DNA定量结果并不一定能完全反映患者肝组织中HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA含量,尤其在血清HBV DNA<500拷贝/mL时,肝组织中仍存在HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA,且含量大小不等。（2）肝细胞内HBcAg定性检测阳性或者HBsAg定性检测阳性患者的血清HBV DNA定量均明显高于阴性患者;而两者的肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA定量均没有显著差异;（3）HBeAg（+）/抗-HBe（-）患者血清HBV DNA定量明显高于HBeAg（-）/抗-HBe（+）患者,而两者的肝组织HBV cccDNA和HBV tDNA均没有显著差异;（4）肝组织HBV cccDNA、HBV tDNA及血清HBV DNA与肝脏炎症活动度和纤维化程度均无显著相关性。     

Intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis B virus antigens in patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To study the intrahepatic expression of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) and hepatitis B core antigen(HBc Ag) in chronic hepatitis B patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 33 chronic hepatitis B patients(mean age of 40.3 ± 2.5 years), comprising of 14 HBe Ag positive and 19 HBe Ag negative patients; and 13 patients with hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma(mean age of 49.6 ± 4.7 years), were included in our study. Immunohistochemical staining for HBc Ag and HBs Ag was done using standard streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin-embedded liver biopsies. The HBc Agand HBs Ag staining distributions and patterns were described according to a modified classification system. RESULTS: Compared to the HBe Ag negative patients, the HBe Ag positive patients were younger, had higher mean HBV DNA and alanine transaminases levels. All the HBe Ag positive patients had intrahepatic HBc Ag staining; predominantly with "diffuse" distribution(79%) and "mixed cytoplasmic/nuclear " pattern(79%). In comparison, only 5% of the HBe Ag-negative patients had intrahepatic HBc Ag staining. However, the intrahepatic HBs Ag staining has wider distribution among the HBe Ag negative patients, namely; majority of the HBe Ag negative cases had "patchy" HBs Ag distribution compared to "rare" distribution among the HBe Ag positive cases. All but one patient with HCC were HBe Ag negative with either undetectable HBV DNA or very low level of viremia. Intrahepatic HBc Ag and HBs Ag were seen in 13(100%) and 10(77%) of the HCC patients respectively. Interestingly, among the 9 HCC patients on anti-viral therapy with suppressed HBV DNA, HBc Ag and HBs Ag were detected in tumor tissues but not the adjacent liver in 4(44%) and 1(11%) patient respectively. CONCLUSION: Isolated intrahepatic HBc Ag and HBs Ag can be present in tumors of patients with suppressed HBV DNA on antiviral therapy; that may predispose them to cancer development.     

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by oxymatrine in vivo

AIM To investigate the anti-HBV effect ofoxymatrine (oxy) in vivo.METHODS HBV transgenic mice were producedby micro-injection of a 4.2kb fragmentcontaining the complete HBV genomes.Expression level of HBsAg and HBcAg in thetransgenic mice liver was determined byimmunohistochemical assay,RESULTS Four groups (6 mice in each group)were injected intraperitoneally with oxy at thedosage of 100,200, and 300 mg/kg or with salineonce a day for 30 days. Both HBsAg and HBcAgwere positive in livers of all the six mice in thecontrol group (injected with saline), and werepositive in livers of two mice in 100 mg/kg groupand 300mg/kg group. In 200mg/kg group,HBsAg and HBcAg were negative in livers of allthe six mice. Based on the results, 200 mg/kg isthe ideal dosage to explore the effect of oxy atdifferent time points. According to the oxytreatment time, mice were divided into fourgroups: 10 d, 20 d, 30 d and 60 d (4 mice in eachgroup). Each mouse underwent liver biopsy twoweeks before the treatment of oxy. Down-regulation of HBsAg and HBcAg appeared aftertreatment of oxymatrine for 10 d and 20 d, Dane-like particles disappeared after the treatment ofoxy for 20d under electron microscopy,however, the expression level of HBsAg andHBcAg returned to normal 60 d later after oxytreatment.CONCLUSION oxymatrine can reduce thecontents of HBsAg and HBcAg in transgenic miceliver, longer treatment time and larger dosagedo not yield better effects.     

Genome‐free hepatitis B virion levels in patient sera as a potential marker to monitor response to antiviral therapy

Complete virions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contain a DNA genome that is enclosed in a capsid composed of the HBV core antigen (HBcAg), which is in turn surrounded by a lipid envelope studded with viral surface antigens (HBsAg). In addition, HBV‐infected cells release subviral particles composed of HBsAg only (HBsAg ‘spheres’ and ‘filaments’) or HBsAg enveloping HBcAg but devoid of viral DNA (‘empty virions’). The hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a soluble antigen related to HBcAg, is also secreted in some HBV‐infected patients. The goals of this study were to explore the levels of empty virions in HBV‐infected patients before and during therapy with the nucleotide analog tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) that inhibits HBV DNA synthesis and the relationships of empty virions to complete virions, HBsAg and HBeAg. HBV DNA, HBcAg and HBsAg levels were determined in serum samples from 21 patients chronically infected with HBV and enrolled in clinical TDF studies. Serum levels of empty virions were found to exceed levels of DNA‐containing virions, often by ≥100‐fold. Levels of both empty and complete virions varied and were related to the HBeAg status. When HBV DNA replication was suppressed by TDF, empty virion levels remained unchanged in most but were decreased (to the limit of detection) in some patients who also experienced significant decrease or loss of serum HBsAg. In conclusion, empty virions are present in the serum of chronic hepatitis B patients at high levels and may be useful in monitoring response to antiviral therapy.     

Detection of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBV DNA in ovarian tissues from patients with HBV infection

AIM: To investigate the presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBV DNA in ovarian tissues from patients with HBV infection. METHODS: HBsAg and HBcAg were examined in ovarian biopsy tissues from 26 patients with HBV infection by immunocytochemistry, and HBV DNA was detected in ovarian tissues by PCR. RESULTS: HBsAg and HBcAg were present with the same positive rate of 34.6% (9/26). The total positive rate was 46.2% (12/26). HBsAg and HBcAg were positive in 6 (23.1%) of the 26 patients. Brown positive particles were diffusely distributed in ovarian cells. The positive rate of HBV DNA was 58.3% (7/12). CONCLUSION: HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBV DNA can be detected in ovarian tissues from patients with HBV infection. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAg in ovarian tissues does not correlate with the HBV markers in serum.     

乙型肝炎病毒S/C基因位点反义锁核酸在小鼠体内抗病毒疗效研究

目的 探讨针对HBV S/C双基因位点反义锁核酸对乙型肝炎转基因小鼠HBV复制和表达的影响.方法 将30只HBV转基因小鼠随机分为5组,每组6只.分别为5%葡萄糖液对照组、空脂质体对照组、单靶区S组,单靶区C组、双靶区SC组.反义锁核酸片段经尾静脉注入小鼠体内,采用时间分辨免疫荧光技术定量检测血清HBsAg;实时荧光聚合酶链反应定量检测血清HBV DNA含量;逆转录聚合酶链反应检测肝组织HBV C-mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学法检测肝细胞HBsAg、HBcAg的表达,自动牛物化学分析仪检测血清白蛋白、ALT、尿素氮、肌酐;小鼠肝,肾脏做常规病理切片,观察反义锁核酸对小鼠脏器的影响.应用SPSS12.0统计学软件分析.各组问比较采用重复测量方差分析的SNK检验和Kruskal Wallis H检验. 结果注射锁核酸后,对HBsAg的表达均显示有较强的抑制作用,单靶区S组,单靶区C组和双靶区SC组的平均抑制率分别为36.6%、31.5%和54.9%;对HBV DNA的复制也有抑制作用,平均抑制率分别为24.0%,21.1%和35.8%.注射后1、3、5 d,HBsAg的平均抑制率分别为14.4%、25.6%和31.3%;HBVDNA的平均抑制率分别为11.0%、19.2%和24.1%;血清中白蛋白、ALT、尿素氮、肌酐等指标,各组结果与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;小鼠肝细胞的HBsAg、HBcAg阳性细胞数均较对照组明显减少.小鼠肝,肾脏组织学表现未见异常. 结论 HBV S/C基因位点反义锁核酸对乙型肝炎病毒转基冈鼠HBV复制和表达有显著抑制作用,且双基因靶位优于单基因靶位.     

The use of the hydrodynamic HBV animal model to study HBV biology and anti-viral therapy.

A simple reproducible and versatile small animal model for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unavailable. We have generated a simple transient liver-targeted transgenic mouse. Hydrodynamics tail vein injection of a head-to-tail dimer of adw HBV genome (pHBVadwHTD) into immunocompetent mice generated HBsAg and HBeAg expression in both serum and hepatocytes, followed by seroconversion. The injection of pHBVadwHTD into SCID mice generated prolonged HBsAg and HBeAg antigenemia and HBV viremia. Our results demonstrate that hydrodynamic injection of naked DNA could support the generation of HBV particles. We used this model for the assessment of anti-viral agents. Administration of our human monoclonal antibodies, HBV-Ab17(XTL) and HBV-Ab19(XTL), as well as Lamivudine (3TC) treatment suppressed HBV viremia. The model presented herein supports long and stable expression of HBV and will enable determination of various biological questions related to HBV life cycle, mutants and could enhance the development of anti-viral reagents.     

Serological assessment of HBcAg and HBV DNA: its prognostic relevance in acute hepatitis B

Treatment of serum precipitates with sodium thiocyanate in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication results in liberation of circulating hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) which can be demonstrated radioimmunologically. Follow-up investigations were performed in 80 patients with acute hepatitis B. Sera were examined for HBcAg. HBV DNA and conventional HBV markers. At the time of admission to hospital 34 of 80 (42%) patients were HBeAg positive. Twenty-six (76%) of the 34 HBcAg positive patients were HBV DNA positive, and circulating HBcAg was detectable in 25 of 34 (73%) HBcAg positive cases. In patients with uncomplicated courses of acute hepatitis B the serological HBcAg assay and HBV DNA became negative 1 to 8 weeks before elimination of HBeAg and up to 12 weeks earlier than the sera became negative for HBsAg. Five patients (6%) showed transition to chronic hepatitis B with persistence of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and HBcAg in serum. One patient with acute hepatitis B and development of chronic hepatitis suffered from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and showed delayed formation of anti-HBc. In this case uncomplexed HBcAg was demonstrable during the acute phase of hepatitis B. With the appearance of anti-HBc HBcAg circulated in a complexed form. The data indicate that serological determinations of HBcAg and HBV DNA can serve as prognostic markers in the early phase of acute hepatitis B. The demonstration of uncomplexed HBcAg in serum of a patient with inadequate formation of anti-HBc supports the hypothesis that circulating HBcAg is usually complexed by specific antibodies.