一株碱性低温脂肪酶产生菌发酵条件的优化

通过单因素实验,对SYBC Wu-3菌摇床发酵产脂肪酶的培养基组成和培养条件进行优化,得出较佳的产酶培养基组成配方为:蛋白胨5 g/L,酵母膏 6 g/L,NaH2PO4 3 g/L; 油脂250 mL/L,乳化剂OP 25 mL/L.最优发酵条件为250 mL的摇瓶装液量50 mL,培养温度30 ℃,发酵时间72 h.经过优化后发酵液脂肪酶酶活力最高可达到10.68 U/mL,较优化前提高了2.8倍.     

黄孢原毛平革菌合成锰过氧化物酶的工艺

研究了多种营养条件及培养条件对黄孢原毛平革菌 (Phanerochaetechrysosporium )WX2 13合成锰过氧化物酶的影响 .当培养基中葡萄糖质量浓度为 10 g/L ,酒石酸铵质量浓度为0 .2 g/L,吐温 80质量浓度为 1g/L ,MnSO4 ·H2 O为 0 .14g/L ,采用苯二甲酸缓冲液 ,最终pH 4 .5 ,2 5 0mL的三角瓶装液量 90mL ,接种量为 1.2× 10 6mL- 1时所获酶活较高 .经条件优化后锰过氧化物酶的活力达到 5 5 9U/L ,比未优化前提高了 36% .加入染料培养 ,发现该酶对所选用的偶氮染料、三苯甲烷类染料、杂环类染料均有较好的脱色效果     

圆弧青霉PG37碱性脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件

研究了圆弧青霉PG3 7碱性脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件 ,优化了PG3 7的摇瓶最适产酶条件 .其中 ,发酵培养基的组成为 (g/dL) :豆饼粉 3 .0 ,玉米浆 3 .0 ,磷酸氢二钾 1 .0 ,硫酸镁 0 .1 ,大豆磷脂0 .5,柠檬酸钠 0 .0 5,花生油 0 .2 ;发酵培养基起始 pH 7.5,发酵温度 (2 9± 1 )℃ ,摇床转速 2 50r/min ,发酵周期 96h ,发酵期间于 3 6,54,72h分别流加 0 .4 g/dL花生油 .在此条件下 ,PG3 7的脂肪酶产率为 2 0 60 μmol/ (min·mL) .PG3 7在 2 5L的实验室小罐中的产酶水平为 1 90 0 μmol/ (min·mL) .     

益生菌Lactobacillus salivarius的培养条件

Lactobacillus salivarius是来自人体肠道的一株重要的益生菌。作者对其培养条件进行了研究。确定了最佳培养温度为37℃和培养基起始pH值为6.4。当在改良的MRS培养基中添加质量浓度为10 g/L碳酸钙,并经过一次中间补糖(8 g/L)培养,菌体干重达7.12 g/L活菌数为3.89×108cfu/mL。     

富组蛋白1对人表皮细胞株HaCaT增殖和迁移功能的影响

目的 了解富组蛋白1( Hst1)对人表皮细胞株HaCaT增殖、迁移功能的影响. 方法 (1)常规培养HaCaT细胞,按照随机数字表法(分组方法下同)分为对照组与100、30、3μg/mL Hst1组以及10 ng/mL重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)组、30 μg/mL Hst1+ 10 ng/mL rhEGF组,每组样本数为27.对照组不添加刺激因素,后5组分别加入相应浓度Hst1和(或)rhEGF,培养24、48、72 h采用细胞计数法检测各组细胞增殖水平.(2)将HaCaT细胞分为对照组与100、30、3μg/mL Hst1组,每组样本数为27.对照组不添加刺激因素,后3组分别加入相应浓度Hst1,培养24、48、72 h采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞周期,计算增殖指数(PI).(3)将HaCaT细胞分为对照组、30 μg/mL Hst1组、10 ng/mL rhEGF组、30 μg/mL Hst1+10 ng/mL rhEGF组、15 μg/mL Hst1+5 ng/mL rhEGF组、15 iμg/mL Hst1+ 10 ng/mL rhEGF组,每组样本数为10.对照组不添加刺激因素,后5组分别加入相应浓度的Hst1和(或)rhEGF培养.将各组细胞分为2份,一份用丝裂霉素C处理2h,另一份不作处理,均行划痕实验,划痕后0(即刻)、16、24 h观测细胞迁移情况并计算划痕愈合面积百分比.对数据行方差分析、LSD-t检验或Dunnettt检验. 结果 (1)培养24 h,10 ng/mL rhEGF组、30 μg/mLHst1+ 10 ng/mL rhEGF组细胞数显著高于对照组(t值分别为3.813、5.410,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与培养48 h时30、3 μg/mL Hst1组比较除外,其余各Hst1和(或)rhEGF处理组培养48、72 h细胞数均显著高于对照组(t值为7.754～24.979,P值均小于0.01).培养72 h,100 μg/mL Hst1组细胞数为(19.21±0.59)×104个,明显高于30 μg/mL Hst1组的(16.19±0.53) ×104个及3 μg/mL Hst1组的(15.38±0.13)×104个(t值分别为11.391、19.017,P值均小于0.01);30.μg/mLHst1+ 10 ng/mLrhEGF组细胞数高于30、3μg/mL Hst1组及10 ng/mL rhEGF组(t值为4.579 ～34.884,P＜0.05或P ＜0.01).各组细胞数均随培养时间的延长而增加.(2)与对照组培养24、48 h比较,100、30 μg/mL Hst1组G0/G1期细胞百分比降低,S期细胞百分比提高(30 μg/mL Hst1组与对照组培养24 h比较除外),PI值显著提高(t值为4.752 ～16.104,P值均小于0.01).3μg/mL Hst1组仅在培养48 h时PI值较对照组显著增加(t=4.609,P＜0.01).培养72 h,仅100 μg/mL Hst1组PI值显著高于对照组(t =8.005,P＜0.01).各Hst1处理组组间比较,各时相点随Hst1浓度降低,G0/G1期细胞百分比呈升高趋势,S期细胞百分比及PI值均呈下降趋势.各Hst1处理组组内比较,随着培养时间的延长,G0/G1期细胞百分比先降低后增加,S期细胞百分比、PI值均先增加后降低.(3)未用丝裂霉素C处理:划痕后16h,30 μg/mL Hst1组划痕愈合面积百分比为(75.9±3.9)％,显著高于对照组、10 ng/mL rhEGF组[(53.0±3.5)％、(61.7±2.5)％,t值分别为12.241、7.598,P值均小于0.01],低于30 μg/mL Hst1+10 ng/mL rhEGF组、15 μg/mL Hst1+5 ng/mL rhEGF组、15 μg/mLHst1+ 10 ng/mL rhEGF组[(95.0±4.1)％、(97.0±3.7)％、(80.5±5.9)％,t值为-11.324～-2.502,P＜0.05或P＜0.01].丝裂霉素C处理:划痕后16h,30 μg/mL Hst1组划痕愈合面积百分比为(54.1±4.5)％,高于对照组[(35.8±5.7)％,t =7.790,P＜0 01],但较未用丝裂霉素C处理时明显下降(t=- 10.863,P＜0.01);与其他Hst1和rhEGF联合处理组相近(t值为0.061 ～2.030,P值均大于0.05).未用丝裂霉素C处理时及丝裂霉素C处理后各组内划痕后24 h与16 h划痕愈合面积百分比相近(F值为0.856～3.062,P值均大于0.05). 结论 Hst1能促进HaCaT细胞增殖和迁移,与rhEGF联合应用时对细胞增殖有协同促进作用,但对细胞迁移无明显协同作用.     

红曲霉发酵产胞外多糖工艺的优化

研究了碳源、氮源和无机盐对红曲霉Y 7产多糖的影响 ,优化并确定了产胞外多糖的培养基组成 :麦芽糖 6 0 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 .5g/L ,磷酸二氢钾 4 g/L ,硫酸镁 0 .5 g/L ,氯化钙 0 .6 g/L .研究了油脂对胞外多糖的影响 ,并确定棕榈油的添加量为 0 .2 g/dL .在 5 0 0mL的三角瓶装培养基 75mL ,接种量 15 % ,种子液种龄 2 4h ,培养温度 33℃ ,摇床转速 2 2 0r/min ,培养 96h .在上述条件下生物量干重为 1.4 2 g/dL ,发酵液胞外多糖产量可达 3.2 4 g/L ,比初始条件高出 2 .5倍 .     

聚唾液酸的摇瓶工艺

研究了突变株JYL 11(Escherichiacoli)的摇瓶发酵工艺条件:在山梨醇40g/L,K2HPO420g/L,NH4Cl4g/L,MgSO40.9g/L,蛋白胨1.5g/L,起始pH值7.8,装液量35mL(250mL的三角瓶中),转速250r/min,培养温度37℃,接种量为4%(体积分数)的条件下,聚唾液酸产量达到3.5mg/mL,比优化前提高了1.0mg/mL,提高幅度为40%.     

隐甲藻(Crypthecodium cohnii)悬浮培养生产DHA

研究了培养温度、初始 pH、碳源及氮源等对隐甲藻 (CrypthecodiniumcohniiATCC3 0 5 5 6)悬浮培养生产DHA影响 .通过正交试验得到的优化培养基组成为 (g/L) :葡萄糖 2 0 ,甘油 2 0 ,蛋白胨 5 ,KNO3 5 ,NaCl6,MgSO41 .6,KH2 PO41 .0 ,VH 0 .0 0 6,VB12 0 .0 0 1 ,另外添加 1mL/L橄榄油 ,6mL/L丙酮酸 .优化培养条件为 :5 %接种量 ,初始 pH 7.0 .黑暗条件培养 ,装液量为 5 0 0mL三角瓶装 5 0mL培养基 ,3 0℃培养 3 2h后转到 2 0℃培养直至收获 .在优化培养基配方和培养条件下 ,隐甲藻悬浮培养 64h后 ,生物量和DHA产量分别为 1 0 .78g/L和 1 .2 1 g/L .     

非水相酶法合成葡萄糖月桂酸单酯

为制备葡萄糖月桂酸单酯,引入了苯基硼酸以增加葡剂中的溶解度并改善反应的专一性.通过考察各参数(溶剂类型、酸醇摩尔比、酶添加量、分子筛添加量及温度等)对转化率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:葡萄糖浓度50 mmol/L,葡萄糖和苯基硼酸摩尔比为1∶2,反应溶剂为叔丁醇,酸醇摩尔比为3∶1,脂肪酶添加量为20 g/L,分子筛添加量为100 g/L,反应温度为50℃,反应时间24 h,反应体积为10 mL,葡萄糖月桂酸单酯转化率为90.1%.     

生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌NUF-035的筛选及摇瓶发酵条件

从肺炎患羊的肺叶中取得微生物 ,经菌落分离、镜检、生化反应鉴定 ,分离出兽疫链球菌 .通过正交实验确定摇瓶培养最优培养基为 :葡萄糖 6 0 g/L ,蛋白胨 10g/L ,酵母抽提物 10 g/L ,K2 HPO4 2 .0 g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 5 .0 g/L ,MgSO4 · 7H2 O 0 .5 g/L .筛选出Streptococcuszooepi demicucNUF 0 35菌株 ,该菌产生的粗品透明质酸的相对分子质量为 2 .11× 10 6 ,产量达 1.88g/L.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.