苜蓿浓缩叶蛋白脱色、脱腥工艺研究

通过试剂筛选，以无水乙醇为漫提剂，研究了不同条件对苜蓿浓缩叶蛋白脱色、脱腥的影响，通过正交试验得出了脱色的最佳工艺条件：液固体积质量比6mL：1g，浸提温度85℃；浸提时间4h；浸提级数3级。此工艺参数的确定为苜蓿叶蛋白的脱色、脱腥提供了新方法，提高了苜蓿浓缩叶蛋白在食品中应用的可行性。     

超声波辅助提取大黄蒽醌类成分

采用正交试验设计法，研究了超声波辅助提取大黄中蒽醌类成分的最佳工艺条件。试验表明：原料按料液比为1g：30mL，在体积分数90％的乙醇中浸润12h后，超声波辅助提取15min，连续提取2次，总蒽醌、游离蒽醌的提取率分别达91．91％和96．48％，明显优于常规煎煮法和乙醇回流法。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取β-胡萝卜素工艺

利用响应面分析法对微波辅助提取胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素工艺进行优化,在单因素试验基础上,选取微波萃取功率、提取时间、料液体积质量比为考察因素,采用响应面试验设计,利用SAS(9.0)软件进行优化组合,从而确定微波提取β-胡萝卜素的最佳工艺参数:微波功率394 W,时间6 min,液料体积质量比为43 mL/g,在此条件下,β-胡萝卜素的提取率为0.399 mg/g.     

牛蒡菊糖的提取及其分离纯化

以水提醇沉工艺,采用单因素实验和正交实验设计方法研究料液比、提取温度、提取时间以及提取次数对牛蒡菊糖提取率的影响,得到牛蒡菊糖提取的最佳因素组合：料液比1∶15（g∶mL）,提取温度80℃,提取时间90 min,提取2次,提取率为90.86%。比较不同的脱色、脱蛋白方法,得到纯度较高的均一多糖。     

山药粗多糖的提取工艺

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,研究了料液比、提取温度、时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响,极差分析及方差分析结果表明提取温度和料液比是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素,较优的工艺为料液比1 g：9 mL,温度50 ℃,时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数75%,在此工艺条件下,鲜山药粗多糖得率为0.2449%（以鲜山药质量计）.     

栽培管花肉苁蓉中苯乙醇苷的乙醇提取工艺

探索了用乙醇回流法从栽培管花肉苁蓉中提取苯乙醇苷类物质的工艺流程.通过单因素和响应面实验,对影响苯乙醇苷提取的因素进行了探讨和研究,运用响应面分析法确定了提取工艺的最优化条件：提取温度为60 ℃,料液比（g：mL）为1：12.8,提取时间为3.75 h,乙醇体积分数为68.2 %,提取次数2次.在此条件下苯乙醇苷的得率为5.76 %.     

金黄地鼠前列腺分泌蛋白对输卵管液糖蛋白的影响

目的：在整体水平探讨前列腺分泌蛋白对金黄地鼠输卵管液中糖蛋白的影响。方法：金黄地鼠雄鼠依据手术方式的不同分为3组，分别为假手术组（SH）、附属性腺全去组（TX）和腹前列腺组（VP）（仅存前列腺）。收集与各手术组交配后不同时间点（交配后0.5、2、4、6h）的输卵管液（每一时间点及每一组，n=3），输卵管液蛋白经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，考马斯亮蓝或阿仙蓝染色分析，应用蛋白电泳印迹后与系列某一种特异性糖基专一性结合凝集素反应，分析糖蛋白的变化。结果：不同组雄鼠交配及不同时间点收集输卵管液蛋白电泳谱类似，约15条主要条带。凝集素结合谱示，麦胚凝集素（WGA）结合的相对分子质量（Mr）为32000、35500、47000、52000糖蛋白见于6hVP组输卵管液，而6h TX组可见Mr为81000、128000条带；与豌豆凝集素（PSA）结合Mr为37500、32000糖蛋白仅见于6h VP组，而6h TX组缺乏；仅6hVP组可见与双花扁豆凝集素（DBA）结合Mr为52000、47000糖蛋白，而6h TX组缺乏。而0.5、2、4h时间点收集的输卵管液各凝集素结合谱相似。结论：前列腺分泌蛋白可影响修饰交配6h后的输卵管液中含乙酰氨基葡萄糖、N-乙酰半乳糖胺／半乳糖和甘露糖糖链的糖蛋白。这些糖蛋白可能在胚胎的发育过程中起作用。     

双频超声对海金沙中黄酮提取率影响的研究

采用双频超声技术提取海金沙黄酮，选择乙醇体积分数、溶剂体积、超声作用时间、浸泡时间等因素进行正交实验，得出影响总黄酮提取率的因素次序为：乙醇体积分数〉溶剂体积〉超声作用时间〉浸泡时间，双频超声提取最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数为70％，乙醇体积为40mL，超声作用时间为30min，浸泡时间为4h。在此条件下，总黄酮提取率为86．25％。在相同的条件下，与单频超声提取方法相比较，具有溶剂用量少，提取效率高，提取时间短等优点。     

超声波辅助提取烟叶中的茄尼醇

茄尼醇是一种重要的医药中间体。通过正交试验确定超声波辅助提取烟叶中的茄尼醇最优工艺条件为：以丙酮为提取溶剂，料液比1：17．5（g／mL），温度60℃，浸提2h，超声波功率160W，其中浸提时间是影响茄尼醇提取率的主要因素。     

超声波辅助提取苹果渣多酚工艺

研究了超声波辅助提取苹果渣中多酚的工艺,利用二次回归正交旋转组合设计考察了乙醇体积分数、料液质量体积比、提取温度、提取时间对苹果渣中多酚物质提取率的影响;试验结果表明,各因子对提取率的影响大小依次是提取温度＞料液质量体积比＞提取时间＞乙醇体积分数;最佳提取工艺条件是:乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1 g:20 mL、提取温度60℃、提取时间24min;此条件下苹果多酚的提取率为3.80 mg/g.     

啤酒酵母发酵产有机酸的初步研究

利用效液相色谱技术，对通风发酵过程中的啤酒酵母细胞的胞外、胞内6种有机酸含量的动态变化进行了定性定量跟踪检测，研究结果表明，通风培养的酿酒酵母代谢产酸时，细胞胞外、胞内有机酸的动态变化存在差异性，胞外有机酸含量远大于胞内含量；酵母细胞对有机酸代谢存在着精确保守性和经济效能性，在发酵后期阶段（〉84h），大部分有机酸含量逐步降低；发酵终点时，胞外、胞内乳酸、苹果酸含量较高。摘要：利用高效液相色谱技术，对通风发酵过程中的啤酒酵母细胞的胞外、胞内6种有机酸含量的动态变化进行了定性定量跟踪检测．研究结果表明，通风培养的酿酒酵母代谢产酸时，细胞胞外、胞内有机酸的动态变化存在差异性，胞外有机酸含量远大于胞内含量；酵母细胞对有机酸代谢存在着精确保守性和经济效能性，在发酵后期阶段（〉84h），大部分有机酸含量逐步降低；发酵终点时，胞外、胞内乳酸、苹果酸含量较高。     

Low-back pain. Factors of value in predicting outcome

Two separate samples of 50 workers' compensation patients were assessed within 3 to 6 months of their first back injury and were reassessed at a mean of 13.7 months postinjury, at which time work status was also determined. A number of predictors on the first assessment then were correlated with return to work. These predictors included orthopaedic evaluations of severity and prognosis, the number of nonorganic physical signs, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales 1 and 3, age, education, proficiency in English, and the accuracy of patients' understanding of the bases for their medical condition as determined by the Schema Assessment Instrument (SAI). The SAI was the only variable to predict return to work significantly in both samples. These data point to the importance of patients' understanding of their medical condition for their prognosis.     

Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal injuries

Results of treatment of 164 patients with combined abdominal trauma were analyzed. It makes sense to evaluate severity of trauma and severity of the patient condition by scales VPKh-MT and VPKh-SP. These scales permit to standardize severity of damages and choose optimum diagnostic and curative algorithm. The emphasis is on early ultrasonic examination of the abdomen in combined trauma. In obscure ultrasonic diagnosis laparoscopy is recommended, in severe or extremely severe condition of patients (over 31 points by scale VPKh-SP)--laparocentesis. Choice and time of surgical interventions must be determined by priority of severity of damage.     

Clinical features and significance of negative motor response in intraoperative language mapping during awake craniotomy

The negative motor area and anterior and posterior language areas were localized by intraoperative electrical cortical stimulation under the awake condition to evaluate the clinical significance of these areas. Thirty-seven awake craniotomies with language mapping were performed in 36 patients with brain tumors. The negative motor area was determined in 17 cases, and the anterior and posterior language areas were found in 12 and 6 cases, respectively. The negative motor area was located in the precentral gyrus inferior to the orofacial motor area in 16 cases, and in the inferior frontal gyrus anterior to the orofacial motor area in one case. Both the negative motor area and the anterior language area were determined in 8 cases. Anterior language areas in these 8 cases were located anterior and/or inferior to the negative motor areas. The negative motor area is an easily determined, important landmark for intraoperative language mapping.     

Poland's syndrome in one identical twin

Female twins were evaluated at the Shriners Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky. One twin was normal, and the other twin had the classic findings of Poland's syndrome, manifested by absence of the pectoralis major and symbrachydactyly of the right upper extremity. Buccal smears from each child were submitted for DNA testing. The test confirmed monozygosity with 99.9% probability. Some previous reports have stated that Poland's syndrome is an autosomal dominant, genetically determined trait, whereas others have maintained that there is no genetic association. The original case described by Poland in 1841 was his cadaver, and no family history was reported. This twin study provides strong evidence that the condition is not determined by gene transmission.     

An analysis of follow-up results of 1000 intracranial saccular aneurysms with definitive surgical treatment.

The authors report a follow-up review of 1000 cases of intracranial definitive surgery for saccular aneurysms. The prognosis for such surgical cases is discussed. Postoperative results at least 6 months after discharge from the hospital were analyzed in 876 (93.3%) of the 939 surviving patients. The longest follow-up period was 14 years and 5 months, with an average of 3 years and 7 months. At the time of discharge, there were 543 excellent results, 186 good, 117 fair, 93 poor, and 61 deaths. The chief findings were as follows: 1) Most of the patients determined as "excellent" or "good" at discharge were able to return to normal life; most of the deaths or instances of worsened condition found in the follow-up study were due to new lesions. 2) Fully 62% of the cases determined as "fair" at discharge were found in an improved state at the follow-up study, having returned to normal life. 3) Only 19% of cases determined as "poor" at discharge had improved to the point where a return to normal life was possible, the majority having died or remaining in poor condition.     

Correlation of the condition of the patellar articular cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

We sought to determine the degree of correlation between the condition of the patellar articular cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The depth of the osteoarthritic lesion, as graded by the Outerbridge classification and its size and location were assessed to determine the condition of the patellar cartilage in 80 consecutive osteoarthritic knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The association between the condition of the cartilage and patellofemoral symptoms and function was investigated by correlation analysis.The depth and size of the lesion had a significant but weak correlation with anterior knee pain (r = -0.300 and -0.289; p = 0.007 and 0.009, respectively), whereas location had no significant association (p > 0.05). None had a significant association with patellofemoral functional parameters (chair-rising, stair-climbing, and quadriceps power) (p > 0.05).Our study indicates that patellofemoral symptoms and function are not completely determined by the condition of the cartilage. Caution should be taken when the symptoms and functional limitations are attributed to a lesion in the patellofemoral joint in making a decision regarding patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.     

Female urethral diverticula

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the presentation, investigation and management of female urethral diverticulum, a condition often overlooked and frequently misdiagnosed. Hopefully, greater awareness will lead to more timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently there has been considerable emphasis on correctly identifying this condition. Newer imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are now widely available and urethral diverticula that previously were unrecognized, such as noncommunicating diverticula, can now be more easily detected. The character of the diverticula can be accurately determined with appropriate imaging and this can lead to improved preoperative planning. SUMMARY: Traditional contrast studies are now being superseded by advanced cross-sectional imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and even virtual computed tomography urethroscopy. These provide much greater tissue definition; however, very few studies directly compare the myriad of contrast-based, ultrasonographic and cross-sectional investigations that are available. Therefore, although the condition is eminently treatable, there remains little standardization in the investigation of this condition. The greatest single improvement, however, in management would come from more widespread clinical awareness of the condition and its presentation.     

Quantitative analysis of hemodynamic disorders in coronary occlusion based on the roentgeno-cinematographic data

The contrasting time of the coronary arteries in 4 types of atherosclerotic lesions was determined by means of quantitative analysis of the coronarograms. The contrasting time was found to be dependent both on the degree of the stenosis and on the condition of the distal segment of the coronary artery. The condition of the drainage tracts had a more marked effect on the contrasting time. The coronary arteries contrasting time is considered as an index of peripheral resistance in the studied segment.     

The feasibility of laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation in microgravity during parabolic flight: a comparison of two techniques

We determined the feasibility of laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation (LG-TI) in microgravity obtained during parabolic flight and tested the hypothesis that LG-TI is similarly successful in the free-floating condition, with the patient's head gripped between the anesthesiologist's knees, as in the restrained condition, with the torso strapped to the surface. Three personnel with no experience in airway management or microgravity participated in the study. LG-TI of a sophisticated full-size manikin was attempted on seven occasions in each condition by each investigator after ground-based training. The parabolic flights, which took place in an Airbus 300 over the Atlantic Ocean, provided 23 s of microgravity. During this time, the investigator opened a box with airway equipment, performed LG-TI, and attached and held onto a self-inflating bag. The efficacy of ventilation was assessed during level flight by squeezing the bag and noting whether the manikin sensors indicated a tidal volume > or =300 mL. There were no differences in ventilation success (41% versus 33%) or time to successful insertion (both 18 s) between the free-floating and the restrained conditions. More than 90% of failures were caused by the inability to insert the tracheal tube within 23 s. There were no differences in performance among investigators. We conclude that LG-TI is feasible in microgravity obtained during parabolic flight, but the success rate is infrequent because of severe time restrictions. There were no differences in success rate between the free-floating condition, with the head gripped between the knees, and the restrained condition, with the torso strapped to the surface.