碳源对绿色木霉ZC产中性纤维素酶的影响

筛选得到一株高产中性纤维素酶的绿色木霉ZC,对其培养基中的碳源进行了优化,探讨了碳源的种类、混合碳源以及碳源与麸皮的比例对其产酶的影响,确定了以4 g/dL玉米秸秆粉、1g/dL麸皮为主的发酵培养基,此培养基中纤维素酶滤纸酶活可达321.12 U/mL.     

谷氨酸脱羧酶发酵工艺的优化

用大肠杆菌AS1.505进行液态发酵生产谷氨酸脱羧酶并优化培养基,考察了碳源、氮源、复合营养物质、起始pH及发酵时间对酶活的影响,确定最佳产酶培养基组成为:葡萄糖1.0 g/dL,蛋白胨3.0 g/dL,氯化钠0.3 g/dL,磷酸氢二钾0.1 g/dL,硫酸镁0.02 g/dL,L-谷氨酸0.01g/dL,玉米浆1.5 g/dL,生物素30 t,g/L,麸皮4 g/dL;pH 6.5.在此基础上,设计发酵条件的优化实验.实验结果表明为:250 mL的三角瓶装液量25 mL,37℃,起始pH 6.5,培养18 h达到产酶高峰,产酶活力可达1 290 U/mL.     

羊肚菌液体深层发酵条件

以羊肚菌为材料，研究了发酵过程中碳源、氮源、无机盐、培养条件对菌丝体生物量、胞外多糖的影响，以及发酵过程中菌丝体生物量、胞外多糖、总糖及还原糖质量浓度、培养基PH值的动态变化，并在此基础上确定了羊肚菌液体深层发酵的最佳条件。结果表明：羊肚菌液体深层发酵的最优培养基配比为：玉米粉4．0g／dL、葡萄糖1．0g／dL、黄豆粉2．0g／dL、酵母粉0．3g／dL、KH2PO4 0．2g／dL、MgSO4 0．1g／dL、CaSO4 0．1g／dL；最优培养条件为：24℃，起始pH5．8，250mL的摇瓶装液量为100mL，接种量10mL，摇瓶转速140r／min，发酵时间为108h。     

一株曲霉果糖转移酶的发酵条件及转果糖基活性

对一株曲霉果糖转移酶菌株的产酶培养条件进行了研究。确定了最佳培养基组成：初始蔗糖质量浓度15～18g／dL，氮源为酵母膏，K2HPO4对果糖转移酶的产生具有明显的促进作用，添加0．2g／dLCMC能够使果糖转移酶活力提高到原来的1．3倍，在pH5．5，30℃条件下，果糖转移酶最高酶活力为30．42U／mL。HPLC分析结果表明，转糖基产物为总质量的55．8％。     

中性纤维素酶高产菌株的诱变选育及产酶条件

通过紫外线和γ射线交替诱变,筛选得到一株高产纤维素酶的突变菌株BE40 39.与出发株相比,其产酶能力提高1.3倍,发酵性状与出发菌株也有明显的差异.突变菌株发酵试验发现,Avicel是突变菌株产酶最合适的纤维素质碳源.通过对发酵培养条件的试验,得出最佳培养条件是:Avicel质量浓度为0.1g/dL,胰蛋白胨质量浓度为0.3g/dL,最适发酵温度为30℃,最佳培养基初始pH4.2,发酵5d达到产酶高峰.     

油烟废气中脂肪酸降解菌的选育和降解条件

从受油烟废气污染严重的土壤中分离、筛选出一株具有较强的降解油酸能力的ZFS-1菌株。最佳生长条件为：碳源2．33g／dL、氮源0．53g／dL、摇床转速180r／min。最佳的降解条件：温度33℃，pH7.5，接种体积分数为10％，油酸质量浓度0．79mg／mL，18h后油酸的降解率达到85%以上。     

嗜热芽孢杆菌2004产β-甘露聚糖酶产酶条件优化和酶学性质

对芽孢杆菌2004 β-甘露聚糖酶进行了产酶条件优化、初步纯化及其酶学性质的研究.条件优化结果:1.5 g/dL槐豆胶,2 g/dL蛋白胨,培养温度为40 ℃,250 mL三角瓶装液量为70 mL,其他因素影响不大.此最佳产酶条件下,嗜热芽孢杆菌2004 12 h的产酶水平平均为41.92 U/mL,比原来提高了30倍.培养液离心得到上清液,经硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G-200分子凝胶过滤和DEAE纤维素离子交换,酶比活达到722 U/mg,纯化了23.94倍,收率为35.1 %.该酶的最适反应温度为70～80 ℃;反应的最适pH值为5.8～6.0;pH值稳定范围为4.0～9.0.金属离子Mg2 和K 对酶略有激活作用.适当浓度的Mg2 不仅对酶有激活作用,还对酶的热失活具有保护作用.     

酶法浸提枸杞的研究

通过对外源酶酶解枸杞效果的研究，结果表明：外源酶能显著提高枸杞浸提液中可溶性固形物和营养成分的含量，其单一纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶浸提枸杞的适宜pH值分别是5．0～5．5和pH值6．0，适宜的酶质量浓度分别为0．20g／dL和0．40～0．60g／dL，温度分别为55．C和65℃，适宜时间都为50-60min；两种酶组合浸提枸杞的较适pH值、温度、时间和酶组合分别为pH值5．5～6．0，55-60℃．50min和0．20g／dL纤维素酶＋0．40g／dL木瓜蛋白酶。     

pH值和初始淀粉质量浓度对发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响

研究了不同的 pH值对谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (MTG)发酵过程中菌体生长和产酶的影响 ,在此基础上探讨了不同初始淀粉质量浓度及中后期碳源流加对发酵过程的影响 .研究结果表明 :pH值对菌体的生长和产酶模式产生明显的影响 ,当发酵过程的 pH值控制在 6 .5时 ,最有利于菌体的生长和酶的合成 ,在此条件下可得到较高的菌体干重 (DCW )和酶活 ;初始淀粉质量浓度以 3g/dL较适宜 ,其DCW和MTG酶活最高 ,DCW为 2 5.1g/L ,酶活水平达 2 .94U /mL ;中后期采用流加碳源的策略使发酵时间比分批发酵最好水平缩短 12h左右 ,酶活提高到 3.0 5U/mL ,各项指标均比分批发酵最好水平有明显的提高 .     

Thermobifida fusca WSH03-11突变株合成角质酶的发酵条件

以放线菌Thermobifida fusca WSH03—11——高产角质酶突变株为出发菌株，在摇瓶中考察了碳、氮源等条件以及接种量、装液量和初始pH值等环境条件对突变株细胞生长和产角质酶的影响。通过优化发酵条件，突变菌株的角质酶酶活达10．1U／mL，提高了15％。在此基础上，在5L发酵罐中进一步研究了碳源流加对突变株发酵产酶的影响，结果发现，分别在0、24、48h添加1％乙醇，角质酶酶活达到16．4U／mL，细胞干重（DCW）达到3．7g／L，而且发酵时间也由110h缩短到50h。     

第一跖骨头下籽骨的解剖及生物力学研究进展

第一跖骨头下籽骨位于足拇短屈肌腱内,是足部最重要的籽骨,对于保持人体正常承重和足部正常生物力学具有重要意义。由于其在外翻的发生中扮演重要角色,是近年来足踝外科研究的热门。其解剖及生物力学等研究是各种临床研究的基础。本文就第一跖骨头下籽骨的解剖及生物力学国内外最新研究进行概述。     

Vaccines for the decade of the 1980s and beyond

An increase in the average human lifespan from ancient times to the present is due mainly to control of infectious diseases, and vaccines are a keystone to their prevention. Several important new vaccines should emerge during the present decade, the most important being those against human hepatitis A and B. Disease eradication and elimination by vaccines are worthwhile targets for at least some of the more important diseases and will probably be accomplished during this century. Further increase in lifespan should be achieved by vaccination in this century but major future advances will need to come from slowing the process of ageing.     

Issues in the planning and conduct of randomised trials

Randomised trials top the hierarchy of evidence. To provide the best evidence to guide surgical practice, randomised trials must answer clinically important questions, have important and objective outcome measurement and be sufficiently powered to detect important differences between interventions. Investigators who adhere to these principles are more likely to succeed during the conduct of their trials.     

Osteoarthritis and the inflammatory arthritides

This article aims to provide surgeons with a practical, clinical overview of different forms of ‘arthritis’ – a term encompassing most of the joint pathology causing joint symptoms or dysfunction. Conventionally, arthritis can be non-inflammatory (osteoarthritis) or inflammatory (crystal and autoimmune arthropathies). Septic arthritis is an important differential diagnosis when patients present with tender, swollen joints but is not covered in detail here. Common symptoms and signs in patients with different types of arthritis are reviewed, as well as aetiology and pathogenesis. Non-surgical treatment is described, with particular reference to the inflammatory arthropathies since the new, effective biologic treatments are particularly important where surgery is planned or patients present with suspected sepsis. Diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis (particularly in children) may be delayed and in an era of effective treatment it is important that all clinicians involved in musculoskeletal medicine and surgery are aware of potential differential diagnoses for joint pain and deformity. Good communication between rheumatologists and surgeons in managing different forms of arthritis is especially important.     

Osteoarthritis and the inflammatory arthritides

This article aims to provide surgeons with a practical, clinical overview of different forms of ‘arthritis’ – a term encompassing most of the joint pathology causing joint symptoms or dysfunction. Conventionally, arthritis can be non-inflammatory (osteoarthritis) or inflammatory (crystal and autoimmune arthropathies). Septic arthritis is an important differential diagnosis when patients present with tender, swollen joints, but is not covered here. Common symptoms and signs in patients with different types of arthritis are reviewed, as well as aetiology and pathogenesis. Non-surgical treatment is described, with particular reference to the inflammatory arthropathies since the new, effective biologic treatments are particularly important where surgery is planned or patients present with suspected sepsis. Diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis (particularly in children) may be delayed and in an era of effective treatment it is important that all clinicians involved in musculoskeletal medicine and surgery are aware of potential differential diagnoses for joint pain and deformity. Good communication between rheumatologists and surgeons in managing different forms of arthritis is especially important.     

Decision Analysis for the Surgeon

Surgical practice, by nature, is full of important decision making scenarios. Surgeons have begun to utilize the decision sciences as a methodology of approaching clinically relevant surgical problems. This article provides a brief overview of some of the important concepts of the decision sciences as they apply to practicing surgeons. Concepts discussed include the basic principles behind decision trees, valuing outcomes, and Markov modeling as well as the pros and cons of the decision analytic approach. Decision analysis is a valuable aid in determining answers to clinical scenarios, and understanding the principles behind this methodology is an important addition to the armamentarium of all practicing surgeons.     

Injury prevention in the elderly population

Injuries in the elderly population have more considerable consequences (more difficult treatment, higher costs,worse outcome) than in the younger population. Therefore, the prevention is especially important. The majority of the injuries are caused by traffic accidents and falls. TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: An analysis of the current injury situation in elderly road users (65 years and older) involved in road traffic accidents was intended to allow conclusions regarding future prophylaxis. FALLS: Falls are mostly caused by numerous factors.The most important predictors for falls are dementia,Parkinson-Syndrome and neurologic deficits after cerebrovascular insults.The most important symptoms, that indicate an increased risk for fall are gait abnormalities, balance lack and underweight. The most important anamnestic indications are more than one falls in the recent 90 days, need for assistance in daily living and prevailing medication.Another important factor is the residential setting (lighting, stairs, floor conditions,bath installations).The most affective protective interventions involve multiple factors.The incidence of falls could be reduced by 30%.The hip protector is an effective protection against proximal femur fractures. which is the most frequent fracture in the elderly population that requires treatment as an inpatient. Injury prevention in the elderly population is an interdisciplinary task as for example shown by the successful fall clinics in the anglo-american area.     

Metabolic functions of the liver

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body and serves a variety of important functions including metabolic, vascular, immunological, secretory and excretory functions. It plays a key role in the carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the human body. In this article, we outline a brief overview of the metabolic functions.     

雄激素对骨的作用

雄激素是由19个碳原子组成的同化激素,除参与生殖作用外,还影响机体的其他代谢过程,如骨代谢。雄激素在骨的生长发育和维持内环境的稳定中有重要作用。经研究证明骨细胞表面有雄激素受体,表明雄激素对骨细胞的作用是直接的;同时,雄激素经芳香化酶转化为雌激素也是一条重要的调节途径。雄激素在获得骨峰值和维持骨量中起重要作用,并且与年龄相关性骨量丢失的关系相当密切。     

Metabolic functions of the liver

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body and serves a variety of important functions including metabolic, vascular, immunological, secretory and excretory functions. It plays a key role in the carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the human body. In this article, we outline a brief overview of the metabolic functions.