非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法

报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法 ,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认 ,提出在一定条件下 ,高交联马铃薯淀粉 ,可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉     

高交联玉米淀粉的非晶化特性

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联玉米淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联玉米淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象.采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联玉米淀粉中存在不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度的膨胀。     

高温水分散体系交联玉米淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备高交联玉米淀粉的方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联玉米淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道,发现了随着温度的升高交联玉米淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联玉米淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的结构进行了详细研究.     

高交联木薯淀粉的非糊化特性

以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性．提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态     

酯化交联淀粉反应及性质的研究

由三氯氧磷变性木薯淀粉所得的酯化交联淀粉,颗粒完整,形貌和偏光十字形态保持不变,反应主要发生在淀粉颗粒的无定形区内;经红外光谱等检测,发现产物分子中存在P—O—C和P＝O基团,表明淀粉分子中的羟基置换出三氯氧磷分子中的氯原子而发生酯化和交联;极小取代度的变性淀粉,其碘复合物的可见光吸收光谱与原淀粉相似,三氯氧磷最先和支淀粉作用.     

三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及结构特征

利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应,通过控制交联反应程度,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒膨胀程度并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段,详细研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势,揭示了三偏磷酸钠交联玉米淀粉颗粒的膨胀历程及结构特征,即随着淀粉颗粒交联程度的降低,颗粒的膨胀历程由中心脐点处爆裂膨胀方式转化为颗粒整体向外的均匀膨胀方式.     

新鲜木薯直接转化生产乙醇

介绍了利用新鲜木薯生产乙醇的新工艺:用真菌α淀粉酶和降粘酶预处理新鲜木薯醪液,后加入颗粒淀粉水解酶STARGENTM进行酵母酒精发酵.该工艺可直接利用新鲜木薯进行酒精发酵;相比传统高温工艺,该发酵新工艺过程中新鲜木薯醪液粘度显著降低,有更多可发酵性糖被利用,并且最终发酵效率显著提高.     

辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯在乳化桔子香精中的应用

以辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯作为乳化桔子香精的乳化稳定剂,研究了相应的优化工艺条件.结果表明,辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯可用于桔子乳化香精中,添加辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯能制得较为稳定的乳化体系.优化工艺条件为:辛烯基琥珀酸木薯淀粉酯质量分数14%、取代度0 017、桔子香精质量分数6.5%、均浆温度为20℃、均浆时间为5min.在此条件下制得的乳化香精,稀释后仍有一定的稳定性.     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物性质的研究

研究了小麦淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚物的物理特性和结构特征,实验结果表明:该接枝共聚物在热性质上与原淀粉有明显的区别,其糊化温度比原淀粉略低,粘度热稳定性及溶解度较原淀粉均有提高。接枝共聚反应不仅发生在淀粉颗粒的表面上,而且也发生在颗粒结构的内部,但反应仅发生在淀粉的无定型区。     

好氧颗粒污泥的形成及其性质

综述了好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展 ,包括好氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和微生物相、好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要条件及其颗粒化过程、好氧颗粒污泥反应器等 .好氧颗粒污泥是近几年发现的在好氧条件下自发形成的细胞自身固定化颗粒 ,具有良好的沉淀性能、较高的生物量和在高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性 .颗粒化过程是一个多阶段的过程 ,取决于废水组成、操作条件和适当的选择压等因素 .SBR反应器 (SequencingBatchReactor)有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成     

Effects of tendamistate (an alpha-amylase inactivator), guar and placebo on starch metabolism

Nine volunteers participated in a double-blind, cross-over study to compare the effects of tendamistate (HOE 467), guar and placebo on starch metabolism. In each phase of the trial they received a maize-meal porridge breakfast. They either received 5 g guar granules before the porridge or 100 mg tendamistate mixed with the porridge, or porridge alone. Sequential plasma glucose concentrations served as a criterion of starch digestion. The area under the plasma glucose curve and maximal glucose concentrations after administration of tendamistate with the starch were significantly lower (P less than 0,05) than after guar and placebo. No significant differences were found between placebo and guar. We concluded that tendamistate effectively attenuates starch digestion and is superior to guar in reducing postprandial glycaemia.     

淀粉丙烯腈接枝共聚物及其皂化物的颗粒结构特性

使用扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜和Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射分析仪,研究了淀粉、淀粉丙烯腈接枝共聚物（ＳＰＡＮ）及其经碱皂化后的产物ＨＳＰＡＮ的颗粒形貌结构和晶体特性。结果表明：ＳＰＡＮ仍具有类似于淀粉颗粒形貌的颗粒结构;同时,低接枝百分率的ＳＰＡＮ接枝反应主要发生在淀粉颗粒的非结晶区,但随着接枝百分率的提高,接枝共聚反应逐渐向淀粉颗粒内部结晶区渗透,淀粉颗粒的结晶区逐渐被破坏,当接枝百分率高于５４．８９％时,原淀粉颗粒的半结晶性基本上被完全破坏;而ＨＳＰＡＮ为非晶体结构。     

Starch granules in the pericardium as a cause of the post-cardiotomy syndrome

Osborne, M. P., Paneth, M., and Hinson, K. F. W. (1974).Thorax, 29, 199-203. Starch granules in the pericardium as a cause of the post-cardiotomy syndrome. A case of the `post-cardiotomy' syndrome following mitral valve replacement is reported. Recurring pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade required surgical drainage. Pericardial biopsy demonstrated an inflammatory reaction in the presence of starch. It is suggested that starch might be one of several aetiological agents in the post-cardiotomy syndrome. Further investigation of such patients is indicated.     

The effect of potato starch derived and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on in vitro blood coagulation

We have compared the effects of progressive in vitro haemodilution (30% and 60%) with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on blood coagulation in 80 patients using thrombelastography. Both solutions significantly compromised blood coagulation as evidenced by an increase in coagulation time and decreases in angle α, maximum amplitude and coagulation index (p < 0.05). Blood coagulation was more compromised during haemodilution with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch as compared with corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). When taking the effect of haemodilution with 0.9% saline into account, haemodilution with both hydroxyethyl starch solutions also augmented clot lysis (p < 0.05), with potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch having a greater effect than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch (p < 0.05). We conclude that potato starch derived hydroxyethyl starch compromises in vitro blood coagulation more than corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch.     

内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ形成的影响

以普通玉米淀粉为试验材料 ,先制备出低脂淀粉和无脂淀粉 ,经高温压热处理后 ,分别测定它们的抗性淀粉含量 ,发现内源脂类对抗性淀粉RSⅢ的形成有显著影响 .多量脂类的存在不利于抗性淀粉的形成 ,少量脂类的存在提高了抗性淀粉产率 ,甚至略高于无脂淀粉的产率 .故对淀粉适当脱脂有利于抗性淀粉的形成 .     

Granular parakeratosis: response to calcipotriene and brief review of current therapeutic options

A 34-year-old Hispanic woman presented with an 18-month history of an intermittent, asymptomatic eruption that began on her left axilla after using a depilatory cream containing corn starch and thioglycolate (Figure 1A). The eruption then spread to her right axilla and lower abdomen (Figure 1B). She reported worsening with deodorant use, but had been using the same deodorant for many years and had continued using it twice a day. Treatment with topical corticosteroids had not helped. The patient coincidentally had been started on isotretinoin 5 months previously for acne, but it had no effect on her axillary or abdominal lesions. Physical examination revealed multiple dark brown and black papules with a "stuck-on" appearance in both axillae and on the lower right abdomen. A biopsy of the left axilla revealed a thickened parakeratotic stratum corneum with retention of keratohyalin granules within the parakeratoric cells, which is considered diagnostic of granular parakeratosis (Figure 2). The patient was prescribed calcipotriene cream twice daily. After 2 weeks, she had complete resolution of the axillary lesions, but the abdominal lesions persisted. She has since had mild recurrences while using calcipotriene.     

Filamentary granules in human bronchi

Mucous cells of human bronchial glands contain secretory granules with 5,5-7 nm parallel filaments. In contrast with the glycoproteic-rich mucous granules, filamentary granules exhibit weak reactivity with tannic acid, indicative of proteins. Exocytosis or discharge in glandular lumen are sometimes observed. These original granules may probably represent an additional component of fibrillar matrix in mucus.     

Mitochondrial granules in human osteoblasts with a reference to one case of osteogenesis imperfecta

Electron-dense granules in mitochondria from prenatal human osteoblasts, postnatal human osteoblasts, and from osteoblasts derived from a child with osteogenesis imperfecta congenita are described. The mitochondrial granules were of about 600 Å in diameter and were attached to the mitochondrial cristae. Sections of mitochondria from prenatal osteoblasts showed an average number of 10 granules per mitochondrial section, whereas sections of mitchondria of postnatal osteoblasts showed only occasionally 1–2 granules per mitochondrial section. Mitochondria from osteoblasts derived from the child with an untreated osteogenesis imperfecta congenita showed an average number of 10 granules per mitochondrial section.