元宝枫叶总黄酮的提取研究

用乙醇作为溶剂，采用常规浸提法及超声辅助法对元宝枫叶总黄酮的提取进行了对比研究。通过单因素及正交试验结果得到浸提法的优化条件为：溶剂为体积分数50％的乙醇溶液，料液比1g：25mL，提取时间1．5h，浸提温度70℃。按照此条件提取两次，第一次提取率94．16％，第二次1．36％；超声辅助法的优化条件为：溶剂为体积分数50％的乙醇溶液，料液比1g：15mL，提取时间0．5h，浸提温度60℃。按照此条件提取两次，第一次提取率为96．29％，第二次提取率为3．11％．     

正交设计研究白芍总苷的超声提取工艺

探讨了超声提取温度、溶剂体积、超声提取时间、超声功率对白芍总苷提取率的影响,并用正交试验法进一步优选超声提取工艺条件.实验结果表明: 溶剂体积对白芍总苷的提取影响最大,超声提取时间影响最小,超声提取最佳工艺条件为:超声提取温度为60 ℃,溶剂体积为25 mL,超声作用时间为40 min, 超声功率为320 W.白芍总苷提取率为1.945%.     

苦瓜植株各部分黄酮的提取与粗黄酮含量的测定

介绍了以苦瓜植株各部分为原料用微波法提取黄酮，通过正交试验对该方法进行了最佳条件的探讨。实验结果表明：以体积分数50％乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂，固液比1：30（g／mL），微波照射2min，浸提时间1h，提取温度80℃，苦瓜叶中黄酮提取率最高。并用该最佳条件分别提取苦瓜叶、茎、果、根的黄酮类化合物，测其质量分数分别为1．616％、0．453％、1．535％、0．875％。     

超声波辅助提取苹果渣多酚工艺

研究了超声波辅助提取苹果渣中多酚的工艺,利用二次回归正交旋转组合设计考察了乙醇体积分数、料液质量体积比、提取温度、提取时间对苹果渣中多酚物质提取率的影响;试验结果表明,各因子对提取率的影响大小依次是提取温度＞料液质量体积比＞提取时间＞乙醇体积分数;最佳提取工艺条件是:乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1 g:20 mL、提取温度60℃、提取时间24min;此条件下苹果多酚的提取率为3.80 mg/g.     

二氢杨梅素的超声波辅助溶剂提取工艺

对显齿蛇葡萄中二氢杨梅素的超声辅助溶剂提取工艺进行了研究,在单因素实验和正交实验的基础上,得出超声波法辅助溶剂提取显齿蛇葡萄中二氢杨梅素的最佳工艺条件为：在40℃下,以液料体积质量比为15 mL∶1 g的体积分数65%乙醇溶液,超声波辅助溶剂提取40 min,目标物二氢杨梅素的一次提取率可达93.1%,优于常规的热提取法。     

枳椇子总黄酮提取工艺及其解酒作用

分别用水和乙醇作为溶剂加热提取枳椇子中的总黄酮,用比色法测定黄酮的含量,分别以提取时间、加热温度、料液比、提取次数等因素进行正交试验.对两种提取方法进行比较,确定各因素对提取效果的影响并对其解酒作用进行研究.水提取法的最优条件是：100 ℃,料液比1 g：8 mL,加热0.5 h,回流提取3次;醇提取法的最佳条件：80 ℃,料液比1 g：6 mL,加热1.5 h,以体积分数50%的乙醇回流提取3次.实验结果显示,醇提取法比水提取法效果更好,枳椇子提取液具有一定的解酒作用.     

金银花中总黄酮的提取

目的：探索金银花中总黄酮最佳提取工艺。方法：采用正交试验考察乙醇浓度,超声时间,料液比,超声温度4个因素对金银花中总黄酮收率的影响。结果：金银花中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度70％,超声时间30min,料液比1：12,超声温度40℃。结论：以超声波法提取金银花药材中总黄酮,产率较高,时间较短,且设备简单,操作方便,可以作为提取金银花中总黄酮化合物的一种有效方法。     

超声波辅助提取大黄蒽醌类成分

采用正交试验设计法，研究了超声波辅助提取大黄中蒽醌类成分的最佳工艺条件。试验表明：原料按料液比为1g：30mL，在体积分数90％的乙醇中浸润12h后，超声波辅助提取15min，连续提取2次，总蒽醌、游离蒽醌的提取率分别达91．91％和96．48％，明显优于常规煎煮法和乙醇回流法。     

响应面法优化白首乌中抗氧化成分的提取

在比较不同的提取方法后,选用乙醇为提取溶剂。通过单因素实验结合响应面法对白首乌中抗氧化成分的提取工艺进行优化研究,确定了提取工艺的最佳条件为温度:70.1℃,乙醇体积分数:75%,提取时间:1.78 h,提取次数为两次。在此条件下白首乌醇提取液的总抗氧化能力理论值为158.68 U/g,实测值为164.07U/g±3.73。     

苹果果肉中原花青素超声波的辅助浸提

以苹果品种"瑞林"为试材,通过正交试验比较研究了超声波辅助法与传统溶剂法提取苹果果肉中原花青素的效果,经筛选优化了苹果原花青素提取的技术参数.结果表明:超声波辅助法提取苹果果实中的原花青素的最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数50%、PH值为4、温度70℃.在此条件下提取2 h后,原花青素的最大提取量为0.14 mg/g;传统溶剂法提取苹果中原花青素的最佳条件为乙醇体积分数80%、pH值为4、温度90℃.在此条件下提取2 h后,原花青素的最大提取量为0.126 mg/g.利用超声波辅助增强了苹果果肉中原花青素的乙醇提取效果,即降低了提取温度,减少了溶剂用量,并使提取量增加了10.9%.     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定复方红景天胶囊中总黄酮含量

目的建立复方红景天胶囊中总黄酮含量的紫外-可见分光光度测定法。方法采用紫外-可见分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品、508nm波长处进行含量测定。结果芦丁在8.0～48.0mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0.9998）,平均加样回收率为99.83%（n=6,RSD=1.13%）,3批复方红景天胶囊样品中总黄酮含量分别为1.10%、1.08%、1.12%。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,测定结果可靠,可用于测定复方红景天胶囊中总黄酮含量。     

HPLC分析芦苇叶中天然抗氧化成分黄酮类化合物

用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）成功地分离和制备了芦苇叶中天然抗氧化成分黄酮类化合物，并进行了定性和定量分析。     

Novel antiproliferative flavonoids induce cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cell lines

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse association between flavonoid intake and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. The East Asian diet is very high in flavonoids and, correspondingly, men in China and Japan have the lowest incidence of PCa worldwide. There are thousands of different naturally occurring and synthetic flavonoids. However, only a few have been studied in PCa. Our aim was to identify novel flavonoids with antiproliferative effect in PCa cell lines, as well as determine their effects on cell cycle. We have screened a representative subgroup of 26 flavonoids for antiproliferative effect on the human PCa (LNCaP and PC3), breast cancer (MCF-7), and normal prostate stromal cell lines (PrSC). Using a fluorescence-based cell proliferation assay (Cyquant), we have identified five flavonoids, including the novel compounds 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone and fisetin, with antiproliferative and cell cycle arresting properties in human PCa in vitro. Most of the flavonoids tested exerted antiproliferative effect at lower doses in the PCa cell lines compared to the non-PCa cells. Flow cytometry was used as a means to determine the effects on cell cycle. PC3 cells were arrested in G2/M phase by flavonoids. LNCaP cells demonstrated different cell cycle profiles. Further studies are warranted to determine the molecular mechanism of action of 2,2'-DHC and fisetin in PCa, and to establish their effectiveness in vivo.     

骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）治疗绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠实验的系统评价

目的 评价骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）治疗绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠实验的有效性及安全性,探索骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）在绝经后骨质疏松症治疗领域的创新应用与安全使用。方法 计算机检索国内外7个常用数据库,筛选骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）治疗绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠的随机对照试验;采用SYRCLE动物实验偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献研究,RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 经过初筛和严格评价,纳入12个研究,共246例样本,纳入文献质量普遍偏低。Meta分析结果显示,骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）有助于提高大鼠腰椎（WMD=0.03,95％CI 0.02～0.04,P＜0.001）、股骨（WMD=0.03,95％CI 0.02～0.03,P＜0.001）骨密度,以及血清骨钙素（osteocalcin,BGP）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）、CTX水平,但对大鼠血清钙、血清磷水平的作用及量效关系,仍需更多动物实验加以探索与验证。安全性方面纳入文献中均未报告。结论 骨碎补总黄酮（强骨胶囊）可在一定程度上提高绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠骨密度水平及部分骨代谢血液指标。但考虑到纳入研究在方法学质量和报告质量的局限性,本研究所得结论仍需进一步深入研究予以证实和深化。     

杜仲黄酮类3种药物成分治疗大鼠骨质疏松的比较研究

目的研究杜仲黄酮类3种药物成分治疗大鼠骨质疏松的疗效。方法将51只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、雌激素组、槲皮素组、山奈酚组和芦丁组。假手术组与模型组给予羧甲基纤维素钠,雌激素组与3个药物组分别给予雌激素及对应药物。12 w后测定大鼠体重及子宫重量,并测定骨形成及代谢相关血液学、尿液指标,Micro-CT分析骨相关参数及骨小梁形态。结果相同药物浓度下,山奈酚、芦丁、槲皮素3种药物成分均可降低尿液中钙、磷的丢失,同时增强碱性磷酸酶的活性,其中山奈酚的作用优于芦丁和槲皮素。山奈酚、芦丁和槲皮素均可改善绝经后骨质疏松的骨微结构,增加骨密度,尤其是山奈酚,但均不能使骨小梁结构完全恢复。结论杜仲黄酮类3种药物成分中,山奈酚治疗大鼠骨质疏松的疗效最佳,芦丁次之,槲皮素最弱。     

解郁舒心片中黄酮类化合物的HPLC和UV法测定

目的研究解郁舒心片中黄酮类化合物含量的测定方法。方法采用UV法测定总黄酮的含量,HPLC法测定芦丁和金丝桃苷的含量。结果总黄酮在7．5～45.3μg／mL与420nm处的吸收度呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100．36％,RSD2．58％。采用shim—packCLC—ODS色谱柱,以水-乙腈-磷酸（825：175：1）为流动相,芦丁和金丝桃苷与相邻组分分离良好,分别在0．45～4．50μg,0．06～0．60μg线性关系良好,平均回收率为100．22％,101．22％,RSD为1．74％,1．70％。结论UV法和HPLC法的结合应用,可对解郁舒心片中黄酮类成分的含量进行有效的控制。     

Improved cold preservation of kidney tubular cells by means of adding bioflavonoids to organ preservation solutions

BACKGROUND: Cold ischemia and reperfusion during renal transplantation result in release of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to examine whether cold storage induced cell injury can be ameliorated by adding flavonoids directly to preservation solutions. METHODS: Cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) were stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) or Euro-Collins (EC) solution at 4 degrees C for 20 hours. Preservation solutions were supplemented with various flavonoids. After rewarming, structural and metabolic cell integrity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT-test, and lipid peroxidation was assessed from generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS: Twenty hours of cold storage resulted in a substantial loss of cell viability in both preservation solutions (in EC: LDH release 92.4+/-2.7%; MTT-test 0.5+/-0.7%). Addition of luteolin, quercetin, kempferol, fisetin, myricetin, morin, catechin, and silibinin significantly reduced cell injury (for luteolin in EC: LDH release 2.4+/-1.6%; MTT-test 110.3+/-10.4%, P<0.01; TBARS-production (related to cold stored control cells) 8.9+/-2.6%). No cytoprotection was found for apigenin, naringenin, and rutin. Protective potency of flavonoids depends on number of hydroxyl-substituents and lipophilicity of the diphenylpyran compounds. CONCLUSION: Cold storage induced injury of renal tubular cells was substantially ameliorated by adding selected flavonoids directly to preservation solutions.     

Association between dietary intake of flavonoid and bone mineral density in middle aged and elderly Chinese women and men

Summary

This large cross-sectional study examined the associations of dietary intakes of total flavonoids and their subtypes with bone density in women and men. We found that greater flavonoid intake was associated with higher bone density in women but not in men.

Introduction

Studies in vitro and in animal models suggest a potential effect of flavonoids on bone health. Few studies have examined the association between the habitual intake of flavonoids and bone mineral density (BMD) in humans.

Methods

The cross-sectional study recruited 2,239 women and 1,078 men. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews to assess habitual dietary flavonoid intake using food composition databases. BMD was measured over the whole body (WB) and in the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

After adjusting for covariates, women who consumed higher total flavonoids, and the subtypes of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavones, and proanthocyanidins tended to have greater BMD at the WB, LS, and FN (all P-trend?2 greater BMD at the whole body, LS, and FN, respectively. For the subtypes of flavonoids, the corresponding differences in BMD (in g/cm²) were 0.012–0.021 (flavan-3-ols), 0.013–0.020 (flavonols), 0.016–0.019 (flavones), and 0.014–0.016 (proanthocyanidins), respectively. A higher intake of flavonones was associated with a greater BMD at the whole body (P-trend 0.041) and the FN (P-trend 0.022). In men, there were no significant positive associations between the consumption of total flavonoids and the subclasses and BMD at any sites.

Conclusion

Dietary flavonoids intake was positively associated with BMD in women. Further large studies are needed to clarify this issue in men.     

Qualitative determination of flavonoids and phenol-carboxylic acids of indigene Stachys species using HPLC method

Indigene Stachys species have a high content in interesting compounds as iridoids, but also high quantities of flavonoids and phenol-carboxylic acids. These compounds present vasorelaxing effect on smooth vascular muscle interfering with metabolic degradation of nitric oxide pathways (inhibition of peroxynitrites formation) and by inhibition of phosphodiesterase. This work shows flavonoids spectrum of 3 Stachys species using HPLC methods. We identified quercetol, rutoside, miricetin and phenol-carboxylic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids).     

骨碎补总黄酮对去卵巢大鼠下颌骨显微结构及最大载荷的影响

目的应用Micro-CT和骨生物力学技术,探讨骨碎补总黄酮对去卵巢大鼠的下颌骨显微结构及最大载荷的影响。方法40只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为5组:假手术组(sham operation group,Sham)、去卵巢模型组(ovariectomized group,OVX)、骨碎补总黄酮高剂量组(high-dose drynaria total flavonoids group,GB-H)、骨碎补总黄酮低剂量组(low-dose drynaria total flavonoids group,GB-L)和戊酸雌二醇组(Estradiol Valerate group,EV),建模成功后连续给药12 w。实验结束后,取下颌骨进行显微CT扫描及三维重建,然后进行最大载荷测量。结果与Sham组相比,OVX组大鼠下颌骨微结构:骨密度、相对骨体积、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目明显减小(P0.05),骨表面积体积比、骨小梁间隙明显增高(P0.05);下颌骨的最大载荷明显减少(P0.05)。与OVX组相比,EV组大鼠下颌骨微结构获得良好修复,最大载荷也明显修复。骨碎补总黄酮低剂量组相对骨体积、骨小梁数目较OVX组显著升高(P0.05),骨小梁间隙显著减小(P0.05)。骨碎补总黄酮高剂量组疗效优于低剂量组,大鼠下颌骨的相对骨体积、骨表面积体积比、骨小梁间隙、骨小梁数目以及下颌骨骨密度均得到一定程度修复,下颌骨最大载荷也较OVX组显著增加(P0.05)。结论骨碎补总黄酮能够修复去卵巢大鼠下颌骨微结构,提高下颌骨骨密度和最大载荷,这将可能为颌骨骨质疏松的防治提供一种新的途径。