赛拉嗪对小鼠胃肠运动及大鼠胃肠电的影响

育亨宾(0.5～4mg·kg~(-1),sc)和苯口恶咪唑(2～8 mg·kg~(-1).sc)剂量依赖性地拮抗赛拉嗪(4mg·kg~(-1),sc)对小鼠胃肠推进运动的抑制作用.赛拉嗪(2、4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)可乐定(120μg·kg~(-1),sc)抑制大鼠胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠的肌电活动,用药后30min作用最显著。育亨宾(4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)一定程度地拮抗赛拉嗪(4 mg·kg~(-1),sc)抑制胃肠肌电活动的作用.     

小儿静脉滴注红霉素时胃肠道副反应的防治

目的:比较磷酸铝凝胶、蒙脱石散剂对小儿红霉素静滴时胃肠道副反应的防治效果.方法:249例支原体肺炎患儿,随机分为磷酸铝凝胶治疗组、蒙脱石散剂治疗组和对照组各83例,观察三组在红霉素静滴时胃肠道副反应(包括腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐)的发生情况.结果:磷酸铝凝胶和蒙脱石散剂治疗组红霉素静滴后胃肠道副反应发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),磷酸铝凝胶治疗组的发生率较蒙脱石散剂治疗组更低(P＜0.05).三组的治疗效果无明显差别(P＞0.05).结论:磷酸铝凝胶、蒙脱石散剂可明显减少红霉素静脉滴注时的胃肠道副反应而不影响其疗效,尤以磷酸铝凝胶的效果显著,可广泛用于临床实践.     

Ghrelin对急性胰腺炎大鼠胃肠动力的影响作用

目的从器官、组织的不同水平测定Ghrelin作用下急性胰腺炎大鼠胃肠动力的变化。方法应用牛磺胆酸钠经胆胰管逆行注射建立急性胰腺炎模型,造模前与造模后6 h分别尾静脉取血2 ml,测定血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、Il-6,再应用Ghrelin对给药组大鼠进行治疗,运用BD2000作为胃肠标记物,同时测定胃残留率和小肠推进比;多导生理仪记录大鼠胃窦肌电活动;多导生理仪记录离体大鼠胃体上1/3起搏区（带有ICC,interstitial cells of cajal的胃肌）和胃窦环行肌肌条收缩波改变。结果各组大鼠造模前与造模后6 h相比血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、Il-6明显升高,给药组大鼠胃残留量较对照组明显减少,给药组胃电慢波振幅及频率显著高于对照组,快波频率也增多,在组织水平,离体的动物胃体起搏区（带有ICC的胃肌）及胃窦环行平滑肌,在Ghre-lin作用下给药组肌条收缩幅度明显高于对照组;给药组胃体起搏区肌条的收缩频率与对照组无明显差别;给药组胃窦环行平滑肌条的收缩频率明显高于对照组,与其在体实验中胃排空明显增强,动力升高相吻合。结论Ghrelin能增强急性胰腺炎大鼠胃肠动力促进胃排空。     

阿昔洛韦在大鼠胃肠道吸收的研究

目的：了解阿昔洛韦在大鼠胃肠道的吸收情况。方法：采用大鼠在体灌流技术，对阿昔洛韦在大鼠胃部及不同肠段的吸收进行了研究。结果：3h后胃中吸收平均值为9．46％，在小肠上部、中部、下部和结肠段的吸收百分率分别为20．22％，15．70％，9．15％和4．59％。结论：阿昔洛韦主要在胃肠道上部吸收，但吸收亦较差。     

急诊内镜下清除上消化道异物的治疗效果分析

目的探讨应用内镜清除急诊消化道异物患者的临床效果。方法选取本院2012年1月～2013年6月收治的94例上消化道异物患者作为研究对象,按患者的人院顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组47例,对照组采用常规模式下的内镜治疗方案,观察组采用急诊内镜下清除上消化道异物的治疗方案,比较两组的治疗效果、治疗时间和不良反应发生率。结果观察组的总有效率为100．0％,明显高于对照组的93．6％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组的治疗时间为（9．08±1．82）h,短于对照组的（15．72±2．01）h,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组的不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急诊内镜下清除上消化道异物的治疗方案能有效提高治疗效果,缩短患者的治疗时间,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

胃癌患者术后胃肠激素与胃肠动力改变的关系

胃癌的手术治疗根据肿瘤的发病部位及不同分期分为三种术式：即远端胃大部切除术、近端胃大部切除术和全胃切除术。胃癌术后常并发一系列的胃肠动力紊乱症状,如恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹胀、腹泻、反流性食管炎、倾倒综合征等。临床证实其发生与手术方式和术后多种胃肠激素水平的变化有关,但确切机制尚待研究。本文概述了人体胃肠激素的种类、生理作用、检测方法以及胃癌术后对人体胃肠激素水平及胃肠动力改变的影响。     

二金汤镇痛作用和对胃肠运动功能影响的实验研究

目的探讨二金汤方的镇痛作用和对胃肠运动的影响.方法以不同剂量的二金汤灌胃给药后观察其对腹腔注射醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数和潜伏期及对小鼠小肠推进运动的影响.结果二金汤能明显减少腹腔注射醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数,延长小鼠扭体反应潜伏期,对正常小鼠的小肠运动有明显的推进作用.结论二金汤具有镇痛和促进胃肠运动的作用.     

Effects of parenteral diclofenac sodium on upper gastrointestinal motility after food in man

Summary In experimental animal models nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may influence gastrointestinal motility, but as evidence is lacking in man. The effect of diclofenac sodum 75 mg i.m. on the motor response of the upper gastrointestinal tract to food has been studied by manometry in 9 healthy volunteers. Diclofenac had no effect on the motor activity of the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum after a 605 kcal meal.     

口服药物在胃肠道内的相互作用

通过分类说明，介绍口服药物在胃肠道内可能发生的相互作用，系统回顾以往熟知的相互作用，如吸附、络合、沉淀作用等，通过改变胃肠道蠕动或胃肠道pH值，影响合并用药的吸收；同时介绍了近年来引起人们重视的新的药物相互作用，为临床合理用药提供参考。     

腹腔镜下生物胶治疗上消化道急性穿孔

目的 评价腹腔镜下生物胶治疗上消化道急性穿孔的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析17例上消化道急性穿孔的病例资料。结果 本组病例无死亡、手术效果好。结论 腹腔镜下生物胶治疗上消化道急性穿孔具有创伤小、美观、术后恢复快，值得推广。     

右美托咪定辅助静脉麻醉对结肠癌患者术后胃肠动力恢复的影响

目的： 探讨右美托咪定辅助静脉麻醉对结肠癌患者术后胃肠动力恢复的影响。方法： 选择2015年2月至2018年1月某院收治的需行手术治疗的结肠癌患者122例为研究对象,根据麻醉方法的不同分为实验组62例与对照组60例,对照组给予开腹结肠癌根治术与静脉麻醉,实验组在此基础上给予右美托咪定辅助麻醉,记录胃肠动力恢复情况。结果： 术后实验组的肛门排气以及下床活动时间等都显著少于对照组（P<0.05）。术后7 d实验组与对照组的肠梗阻、腹胀、腹痛等胃肠道并发症发生率分别为3.2%和13.3%,实验组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后7 d两组的血清胃泌素含量都比术后1 d要高,实验组高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后7 d的CD4⁺值比术后1 d要高,实验组高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组时间点不同的CD8⁺值之间的对比差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论： 右美托咪定辅助静脉麻醉能加快结肠癌患者在术后的胃肠动力恢复,在分泌胃泌素时起到促进作用,调节机体免疫功能,进而降低术后并发症发生率。     

Low molecular weight fucoidan ameliorating the chronic cisplatin-induced delayed gastrointestinal motility in rats

Delayed gastrointestinal (GI) motility is frequent adverse effect associated with chemotherapy due to oxidative stress, activation of 5-HT3 receptors or serotonin releases from enterochromaffin cells. Fucoidan, extracts from brown seaweeds, has been showed antioxidant related favorable pharmacological activities including digestive tract protective effects. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF) obtained by acid hydrolysis of high molecular weight fucoidan has been showed more favorable bioactivities. This study was conducted to determine whether or not LMF can prevent delayed GI motility induced by the antineoplastic drug cisplatin chronically administered, once per week for five consecutive weeks. LMF ameliorating the chronic cisplatin treatment related body weight decreases, delayed GI motility, and enhanced the antioxidant defense systems. In addition, LMF also inhibited the cisplatin treatment related GI gastrin and serotonin changes, including enzyme activities involved in serotonin metabolism and enterochromaffin cells. The overall effects of LMF 10 mg/kg were similar to that of ondansetron 1 mg/kg, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The present results supported that LMF have favorable ameliorating effect on the delayed GI motility induced by chemotherapy, modulated the GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells with antioxidant effects. This effect of LMF may help improve accompanying digestive disorders by chemotherapy.     

Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption

AIMS: The purpose of this in vivo human study was to assess the effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on the absorption of metformin in healthy subjects. METHODS: An open-label, three treatment, three period crossover study was conducted in 11 healthy volunteers. Each subject received 550 mg metformin hydrochloride in solution alone; 5 min after a 10 mg i.v. dose of metoclopramide; and 30 min after a 30 mg oral dose of propantheline. Metformin solution was radiolabeled by the addition of 99mTc-DTPA. The gastrointestinal transit of the solution was monitored by gamma scintigraphy and the pharmacokinetic data were correlated with the scintigraphic findings. RESULTS: Scintigraphic data indicated that pretreatment with metoclopramide decreased gastric emptying time and increased gastrointestinal motility while pretreatment with propantheline had the opposite effect. The systemic disposition of metformin was not altered by pretreatment with metoclopramide and propantheline, as judged by unchanged renal clearance and elimination half-life of metformin. Extent of metformin absorption was essentially unchanged after pretreatment with metoclopramide. However, AUC(0,infinity) and % UR (percent dose excreted unchanged in urine) generally increased with increase in gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit times. GI overlay plots showed that the absorption phase of metformin plasma profile always coincided with gastric emptying and the beginning of decline of metformin plasma concentrations was usually associated with the colon arrival. Only in cases where the intestinal transit was drastically prolonged by propantheline pretreatment, was a decline in plasma levels observed prior to colon arrival. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin is primarily absorbed from the small intestine. The extent of metformin absorption is improved when the gastrointestinal motility is slowed. These findings have significant implications in the design of a metformin modified release dosage form.     

克拉霉素片治疗急性细菌性上呼吸道感染的临床观察

目的：分析克拉霉素治疗急性细菌性上呼吸道感染的有效性和安全性．方法：采用随机对照实验将70例上呼吸道感染病人分为两组,观察其临床疗效和不良反应,其中36例用克拉霉素,34例用乙琥红霉素,连用5～7d．克拉霉素的用法,250mg,po,tid．琥乙红霉素的用法,500mg,po,tid。结果：两组临床痊愈率和有效率分别为66．7％、94．4％和44．1％、76．5％细菌清除率分别为96．2％和90．9％不良反应发生率分别为5．6％和3．5％。结论：新一代大环内酯类抗生素克拉菌素片为治疗急性上呼吸道感染安全有效的药物。     

敷脐巴布剂的制备及对大鼠胃肠动力与胃肠激素的影响

目的观察敷脐巴布剂对胃手术模型大鼠胃肠运动和胃肠激素的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法①观察胃手术模型大鼠用敷脐巴布剂敷脐后碳素墨水在小肠的移动长度,并与巴布剂基质组、手术模型组进行比较;②用放射免疫分析法测定巴布剂敷脐10 d后大鼠小肠组织胃动素(MOT)和生长抑素(SS)的水平。结果①敷脐巴布剂组能明显提高碳素墨水在大鼠小肠的推进距离与百分比,与巴布剂基质组及手术模型组比较差异显著(P<0.01),巴布剂基质组与手术模型组无显著差异(P>0.05);②敷脐巴布剂可提高大鼠小肠组织MOT及降低小肠组织SS水平,与手术模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论敷脐巴布剂能促进胃手术模型大鼠术后胃肠蠕动,对胃肠激素水平有调节作用。     

急诊胃镜治疗上消化道异物的综合护理干预分析

目的 对急诊胃镜治疗上消化道异物的综合护理干预方法进行分析.方法 本院2010年1月至2012年1月期间收治54例急诊胃镜治疗上消化道异物患者,均在治疗的基础上运用综合护理干预.结果 54例急诊胃镜治疗上消化道异物的患者经治疗后,54例均成功1次性取出,成功率100％;在治疗过程中均未出现消化道穿孔、消化道大出血、窒息等并发症.结论 使用急诊胃镜治疗上消化道异物具有良好的临床效果,在综合护理中要注意对患者情绪的疏导,鼓励患者积极配合治疗.     

Sense of taste in the gastrointestinal tract

Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the investigation of the molecular mechanism by which chemicals such as odors and tastants are perceived by specific chemosensory organs. For example, G protein-coupled receptors expressed within the nasal epithelium and taste receptors in the oral cavity have been identified as odorant and taste receptors, respectively. However, there is much evidence to indicate that these chemosensory receptors are not restricted to primary chemosensory cells; they are also expressed and have function in other cells such as those in the airways and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This short review describes the possible mechanisms by which taste signal transduction occurs in the oral cavity and tastants/nutrients are sensed in the GI tract by taste-like cells, mainly enteroendocrine and brush cells. Furthermore, it discusses the future perspectives of chemosensory studies.     

汪受传教授治疗小儿胃肠动力障碍性疾病经验

汪受传教授认为小儿胃肠动力障碍性疾病大多由脾胃失调,升降失司所致。在治疗上以脾胃升降理论为指导,遵“六腑以通为用”,灵活应用运脾法、调脾法、和胃法、疏肝法等,从调节小儿脾胃气机升降入手治疗胃肠动力障碍性疾病,临床每获验效。     

Protective effects of silymarin on epirubicin-induced mucosal barrier injury of the gastrointestinal tract

Mucositis is a serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that results from cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the protective effects of silymarin on epirubicin-induced mucosal barrier injury in CD-1 mice. Immunohistochemical activity of both pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 markers, together with p53, cyt-P450 expression and DNA damage analysis on stomach, small intestine and colon were evaluated. Our results indicated stronger expression for cyt P450 in all analyzed gastrointestinal tissues of Epi group, which demonstrate intense drug detoxification. Bax immunopositivity was intense in the absorptive enterocytes and lamina connective cells of the small intestine, surface epithelial cells of the stomach and also in the colonic epithelium and lamina concomitant with a decreased Bcl-2 expression in all analyzed tissues. Epirubicin-induced gastrointestinal damage was verified by a goblet cell count and morphology analysis on histopathological sections stained for mucins. In all analyzed tissues, Bax immunopositivity has been withdrawn by highest dose of silymarin concomitant with reversal of Bcl-2 intensity at a level comparable with control. p53 expression was found in all analyzed tissues and decreased by high dose of silymarin. Also, DNA internucleosomal fragmentation was observed in the Epi groups for all analyzed tissues was almost suppressed at 100?mg/kg Sy co-treatment. Histological aspect and goblet cell count were restored at a highest dose of Sy for both small and large intestine. In conclusion, our findings suggest that silymarin may prevent cellular damage of epirubicin-induced toxicity and was effective in reducing the severity indicators of gastrointestinal mucositis in mice.