9号染色体臂间倒位与不孕不育相关性的探讨

目的分析9号染色体臂间倒位与不良孕产史、不孕及不育症的关系,探讨其对生育的影响,为临床优生与遗传咨询提供依据。方法对2006年至2016年来本医院进行就诊的8836例患者进行外周血染色体核型分析。结果 8836例被检者中9号染色体臂间倒位179例,检出率为1.87%,其中不孕症及不育症患者的检出率分别为2.27%和2.11%,均显著高于正常人群。179例患者中存在4种不同的臂间倒位类型,其中inv(9)(p12q13)的比例最高,占45%,其次为inv(9)(p11q13)占21%,另外两种异位类型inv(9)(p11q12)和inv(9)(p13q13)分别占18%及16%。结论 9号染色体臂间倒位与不孕不育存在一定的关联性。     

9号染色体臂间倒位与流产关系的分析

目的了解9号染色体臂间倒位与流产的关系.方法常规取外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体G显带标本,按人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制(ISCN)进行核型分析.结果在受检的3386人中,检出inv(9)39例,发生率1.15%;inv(9)发生在(p11q12)及(p11q13)的分别有17和10例,各占inv(9)的43.59%和25.64%.结论在排除了免疫、内分泌等因素造成的流产后,对于不好发点上的inv(9),如本文的(p12q13)、(p13q13)和(p13q12),应注意其与不孕不育、流产的直接关系.     

inv(9)(p11q13)遗传效应在辅助生殖领域的研究

目的探讨inv(9)(p11q13)在不孕不育人群的发生率及在辅助生殖治疗(ART)中的遗传效应。方法 2002年9月至2013年12月在本生殖中心就诊的34157例不孕不育患者进行了染色体核型分析,689例为9号染色体臂间倒位携带者;其中对2008年1月至20013年12月期间286例inv(9)(p11q13)患者的300个ART新鲜周期进行胚胎学与妊娠结局的研究。结果9号染色体臂间倒位携带者在不孕不育人群中的发生率为2.02%;研究组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、妊娠率、流产率、胎儿畸形率等各项指标与对照组均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 inv(9)(p11q13)在人群中的发生频率较高,但在ART领域里其遗传效应与染色体正常组相比未见显著性差异,认为inv(9)(p11q13)是一种多态性改变,一般不具有病理学意义。     

原发性胃癌的比较基因组杂交研究

目的　研究胃癌发生和发展过程中是否涉及其它未知的癌基因和抑癌基因。方法　采用比较基因组杂交法(com parative genom ic hybridization,CGH)分析了43 例原发性胃癌。结果　3p(8/43)、8q(8/43)、20 号染色体[20(9/43),20p(7/43)、20q(4/43)]、12q(16/43)、13q(12/43)的扩增,19 号染色体[19(15/43),19p(13/43)]、17 号染色体[17(8/43),17p(10/43)]、16 号染色体(10/43)和1p(11/43)区域的缺失为胃癌的特征性变化。结论　提示3p、8q、12q、13q、20 号染色体、17 号染色体、16 号染色体和1p 区域可能存在一些与胃癌形成相关的未知基因。     

9号染色体臂间倒位的遗传效应分析

目的探讨9号染色体臂间倒位的常见区带及其所产生的遗传效应.方法应用统计学方法对国内中文杂志从1994年以来报道的342例9号染色体臂间倒位进行分析.结果117例(34.2%)为次缢痕区(p11q12)的倒位,96例(28.1%)倒位区带为p11q13,由此可见,inv(9)主要发生于次缢痕区,而且大部分病例都有不同的临床病理表现.结论从目前的研究资料分析,许多研究者倾向于inv(9)(qh)并非仅是一种多态性,它可能在一定的诱因存在下会对减数分裂时同源染色体的分离产生一定的影响.     

两类结构变异染色体—Yqs和15p＋的细胞遗传学和分子生物学分析

目的总结13724例外周血染色体核型和4379例羊水染色体核型,探讨Yqs和15p＋的临床效应。方法应用外周血淋巴细胞培养和羊水细胞培养染色体核型分析G显带、C显带、NOR和荧光原位杂交（FISH）的方法,对18例15p＋和1例22p＋以及9例Yqs进行分析。结果18例15p＋和1例22p＋短臂的附加物质为Y染色体长臂末端的q12区。结论Y染色体长臂的q12区域容易和近端着丝粒染色体短臂发生易位,尤其以15号染色体多见,Yqs和15p＋可被后代分别遗传而不影响其表型。     

脑节细胞性胶质瘤的分子遗传学研究

目的通过研究脑节细胞性胶质瘤全基因组的遗传学改变,探讨该肿瘤的发病机制。方法应用比较基因组杂交技术,分析脑节细胞性胶质瘤全基因组的遗传学改变。结果收集脑节细胞性胶质瘤5例,男性3例,女性2例。其中,3例肿瘤发现有9号染色体短臂(9p)的丢失,2例有7号染色体的获得,该结果通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术得到了进一步的证实。应用免疫组织化学(ABC法)染色,位于染色体7p11-p13上的癌基因表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在所有5例节细胞性胶质瘤中都无异常表达。此外,在染色体2q33-q34,8q12-q22,14q21-qter,15q26-citer和Y上也都发现了遗传物质的丢失或扩增。结论染色体9p的丢失及7号染色体的获得可能与脑节细胞性胶质瘤的发病机制有关。     

21号环状染色体嵌合体胎儿2例的临床特征和遗传学分析

目的探讨2例21号环状染色体嵌合体胎儿的围产期临床表型和遗传学特征。方法选取2021年11月在厦门市妇幼保健院接受介入性产前诊断的2例胎儿为研究对象。收集2例胎儿的临床资料, 应用常规G显带核型分析和染色体微阵列分析(CMA)对2例胎儿及其父母进行遗传学检测。结果胎儿1超声提示胎儿鼻骨未显示、室间隔缺损、永存左上腔静脉、三尖瓣轻度返流, 染色体核型结果为46, X?, dic r(21;21)(p12q22;q22p12)[41]/45, X?, -21[9], CMA检测结果提示其染色体21q11.2q22.3区存在30.00 Mb片段的4拷贝, 21q22.3区存在3.00 Mb片段的缺失。胎儿2超声提示鼻骨呈点状回声, 核型为46, X?, r(21)(p12q22)[83]/45, X?, -21[14]/46, X?, dic r(21;21)(p12q22;q22p12)[3], CMA结果提示其染色体21q22.12q22.3区存在5.10 Mb片段的4拷贝, 21q22.3区存在2.30 Mb片段的缺失。结论 2例21号环状染色体嵌合体的围产期表型与靠近染色体缺失断裂位...     

人胶质母细胞瘤等位基因谱分析的研究

目的 探讨胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma,GBM)发病的分子遗传学机理，确定GBM的发生发展主要和哪些染色体或染色体区域有关，哪些染色体区域上可能存在与GBM相关的肿瘤抑制基因（tumor suppressor gene,TSG)。方法 应用聚合酶链反应技术，采用荧光标记的引物和377型DNA序列自动分析仪，对21例GBM的所有22对常染色体上共计382个微卫星位点进行了杂合性丢失（loss of heterozygosity,LOH)分析，相邻2个微卫星位点之间的平均遗传学距离为10cM。结果 在所有被检测的染色体臂上都观察到LOH，其中以染色体10q、10p、9p、17p和13q的LOH率最高（＞50％），这些染色体臂上已知的肿瘤抑制基因PTEN、DMBT1、p16、p53和Rb所在区域LOH率都较高；14q、3q、22q、11p、9q、19q上也存在较高的LOH率（＞40．5％）；首次发现多个共同微小丢失区域：9p22-23、10p12.2-14、10q21.3、13q12.1-14.1、13q14.3-31、17p11.2-12、17p13、3q24-27、11p12-13、14q31-32.3、14q21-24.1、22q13.2-13.3、4q35、4q31.1-31.2、6qtel、6q16.3。结论 GBM存在复杂的遗传学异常，涉及多条染色体臂。以10q、10p、9p、17p和13q的异常与GBM发生发展的关系最为密切。除了已知的肿瘤抑制基因PTEN、DMBT1、p16、p15、p53和Rb外，首次所发现的多个微小共同丢失区域上可能存在GBM相关的多个未知TSG。     

10例世界首报异常染色体核型及临床研究

目的对10例世界首报染色体异常核型进行研究探讨。方法采用人外周血淋巴细胞培养,常规G显带技术行染色体核型检查,后结合临床资料对其进行分析。结果有9例染色体发生平衡易位,1例染色体臂内倒位。发现10种人类染色体异常核型,分别为46,XX,t（4;14）（p15.2;q11）;46,XX,t（4;9）（q23;p22）;46,XY,t（11;18）（p15;q12）;46,XY,t（1;22）（p10;p10）16qh＋;46,XX,t（2;20）（q12;p13）;46,XX,t（4;14）（q33;q22）;46,XX,t（13;20）（q14;p11）;46,XX,t（4;7）（q25;q22）;46,XX,t（2;4）（q31;q35）;46,XX,inv（1）（p36q32）,经鉴定确定为世界首报核型。结论染色体异常是导致自然流产及性腺发育不全的重要原因,对自然流产夫妇进行常规的染色体检查及遗传咨询具有一定的临床意义。     

401例染色体多态性引起生殖异常分析

目的分析染色体多态性与不孕不育患者之间临床效应关系。方法对4541例不孕不育患者进行常规外周血染色体核型分析。结果 4541例不孕不育患者检出染色体多态401例,检出率8.83%。其中inv(9)105例,inv(1)1例,inv(10)1例,1qh+8例,16qh+5例,大Y79例,小Y2例,Y长臂缺失1例,inv(Y)2例,13号大随体29例,14号大随体37例,15号大随体37例,21号大随体53例,22号大随体41例。患者临床表现为无精子症者5例,占1.25%,精子密度10×106/ml 50例,占12.47%;反复自发流产、胎儿停止发育275例,占68.58%;畸形儿分娩史43例,占10.72%;智力低下、发育异常5例,占1.25%;男性或女性生殖器发育不良12例,占2.99%;不孕11例,占2.74%。结论染色体多态性与生殖异常存在明显的关系,不能忽视其临床效应。     

178例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞与分子遗传学特征研究

目的研究儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic 1eukemia,ALL）细胞与分子遗传学特征及临床意义。方法应用常规细胞遗传学、实时定量PCR、荧光原位杂交等技术,对178例儿童ALL细胞与分子遗传学特征进行分析,并探讨其临床意义。结果178例儿童ALL遗传学异常者92例占51.69％,其中融合基因TEL-AMLl／t（12;21）（pl3：q22）阳性35例（38.04％）,BCR-ABL／t（9;22）（q34;q11）阳性9例（9.78％）;E2A／PBXl／t（1;19）（q23;p13）阳性9例（9.78％）;MLL-AF4／t（4;11）（q21：q23）阳性3例（3.26％;）,HOXllL2／t（5;14）（q35;q32）阳性7例（7.61％）;SIL-TALl（1p32-）阳性5例（5.43％）、E2A-HLF／t（17;19）（q22;pl3）阳性1例（1.09％）。复杂核型异常4例（4.35％）,包括：t（8;14）（q24;q32）,der（15）t（1;15）（p11;q11）;t（6;10）（p25;p11）,11p＋;t（2;14）（p11;q32）,9p-;t（9;11）（q21;p15）。高超二倍体（48-65）17例（18.48％）,近三倍体（65～78）2例（2.17％）,其它有2p-／5p-／6p＋／9p-／9q-／10p-／1lp＋／17p＋／＋5／＋8等。结论儿童ALL具有其特有的细胞与分子遗传学特征,临床上将常规细胞遗传学、分子生物学、荧光原位杂交等技术等相结合,将对白血病的诊断、治疗选择和预后判断及微小残留病检测等具有十分重要的意义。     

81O例新生儿脐血染色体核型结果分析

目的统计810例新生儿脐血染色体畸变发生率,分析染色体畸变对出生缺陷发生的影响。方法常规外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,采用G显带技术进行细胞遗传学分析。结果在受检的810例新生儿中,检出异常核型17例,其中数目异常6例：47,XYY1例,47,XY,＋213例,47,XX,＋Mar2例;结构异常11例：45,XX,rob（13;14）1例,46,XX,del（5）（p13）1例,46,XY,inv（9）（pllql3）5例,46,XX,inv（9）（pllql3）2例,46,XX,inv（10）（qllq22）1例,46,XY,inv（12）（ql3q24）1例。结论810例新生儿脐血染色体核型分析结果表明染色体畸变发生率为2．1％,其中47,XY,＋21发生率为0．37。鉴于染色体畸变发生率高,建议脐血染色体检查应作为新生儿常规筛查项目,从而提高遗传咨询水平,减少出生缺陷发生。     

Genomic profiling of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma delineates novel recurrent chromosomal alterations

To characterize genetic alterations in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS), and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL), 42 PTCL NOS and 37 ALCL [17 anaplastic large cell kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL, 9 ALK-positive ALCL, 11 cutaneous ALCL] were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization. Among 36 de novo PTCL NOS, recurrent chromosomal losses were found on chromosomes 13q (minimally overlapping region 13q21, 36% of cases), 6q and 9p (6q21 and 9p21-pter, in 31% of cases each), 10q and 12q (10q23-24 and 12q21-q22, in 28% of cases each), and 5q (5q21, 25% of cases). Recurrent gains were found on chromosome 7q22-qter (31% of cases). In 11 PTCL NOS, high-level amplifications were observed, among them 3 cases with amplification of 12p13 that was restricted to cytotoxic PTCL NOS. Whereas cutaneous ALCL and ALK-positive ALCL showed few recurrent chromosomal imbalances, ALK-negative ALCL displayed recurrent chromosomal gains of 1q (1q41-qter, 46%), and losses of 6q (6q21, 31%) and 13q (13q21-q22, 23%). Losses of chromosomes 5q, 10q, and 12q characterized a group of noncytotoxic nodal CD5+ peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The genetics of PTCL NOS and ALK-negative ALCL differ from other T-NHLs characterized genetically so far, among them enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.     

Detection of genetic alterations in bladder tumors by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetic analysis

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and conventional cytogenetic karyotyping were used to screen for losses and gains of DNA sequences along all chromosome arms in 16 bladder tumors. Cytogenetic results were highly complex. The most frequently affected chromosomes were 5, 8, 9, 21, and Y as determined by karyotyping. There was close correlation between the CGH data and cytogenetic results in near-diploid tumors with simple karyotypes. However, some unexpected results were observed by CGH in tumors with several composite clones. Common amplification of copy numbers of DNA sequences by CGH were seen at 1q, 3q, 4q, 5p, 6p/q, 7p, 8q, 11q, 12q, 13q, 17q, 18q, and 20p/q (more than 20% of cases). High level amplification was noted at 1p32, 3p21, 3q24, 4q26, 8q21-qter, 11q1422, 12q1521, 12q2124, 13q2131, 17q22, and 18q22. Deletions were noted at 2q21qter, 4q1323, 5q, 8p1222, 9p/q, and 11p1315 (more than 20% of cases). Although most amplifications and deletions have been previously described in the literature, our study showed some intriguing and uncommon regions, different from those found in past studies. These were the amplification of 7p, 8q, 11q14qter 12q2424, 13q2131, and 18q22, and deletion on 4q1323, even though loss of heterozygosity was not detected at this locus. In spite of the very complex pattern of genetic changes in bladder tumors, most of these uncommon aberrations have to be implicated in bladder tumors, and further molecular genetic methods are necessary to establish whether the chromosomal regions contain candidate genes which contributed to the initiation and progression of bladder tumors.     

Cytogenetic analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by comparative genomic hybridization: relationship of cytogenetic aberrations to in vitro cell growth

Cancer is characterized by autonomous growth of cells, and it is widely accepted that cell proliferation is primarily influenced by individual cell genetics. To elucidate the mechanisms of cancer cell proliferation, we studied differences in genetic aberrations for different type of tumors with different proliferation characteristics. We employed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to detect genetic aberrations in six cell lines of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Three cell lines (YES-1, -2, and -3) grow in culture without fetal calf serum (group A), while others require serum to be maintained in vitro (group B). Both groups showed very similar cytogenetic aberrations: over-representations of 11q13 (6/6), 8q23-qter (5/6), Xq25-qter (5/6), 3q26-qter (4/6), 5p (4/6), 7p15-pter (4/6), 8q21.3-q22 (4/6), 17p (4/6), and 20q13 (4/6), and under-representations of 18q21-qter (6/6), 4q28-q33 (4/6), and 9p21 (4/6). Six amplification loci were mapped to chromosomal regions of 6q23 (1 case), 7p12 (2 cases), 9p21 (1 case), 11p11.2-12 (3 cases), 11q13 (2 cases), and 17p12 (2 cases). However, some differences were detected. DNA copy number increases at 7p12-p13, 11q14-q22, and 11q22-qter and under-representations of 4p, 8p, and 11p14-pter. In contrast, gains at 12p and 20p, and losses at 3p and 5q were detected only in group-B cell lines. These observations suggest that cytogenetic differences between the two groups may be linked to differences in cell growth characteristics in vitro, and that the genes in these chromosomal regions may play important roles in cell proliferation.     

Characterization of a complex chromosome aberration in two cases of peritoneal mesothelioma arising primarily in the hernial sac

Malignant mesotheliomas of the hernial sac are uncommon and only a few cases have been diagnosed incidentally during herniorrhaphy procedures. The prognosis is poor and patient management is difficult because current treatment modalities do little to prolong survival. Molecular markers could be useful to identify potential therapeutic targets. Using microarray-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), two cases of peritoneal mesothelioma that were found incidentally at the time of hernia repair, were investigated. A high number of genetic aberrations was detected in both cases. The gains were prevalent. The tumors showed identical lost regions at 2q13, 6q25.3, 6q26, 6q26→q27, 9q31.1→9q31.3, 10p15.3, 11q13.2, 13q14.2, 19q13.42→q43, and gains at 1p36.33, 3q29, 5p15.33, 7p22.3, 10p15.1→10p14, 11q13.2, 12q24.23, 12q24.33, 16p13.3, 17p13.3, 18p11.31, 19q13.43, 21q21.1→q21.2, 22q11.1→q11.22, Xp21.2, Xq28. Survival was longer in the patient with a lower total number of genetic defects. aCGH provides a high-resolution map of copy number changes that may be critical to mesothelioma progression.     

Chromosomal gains and losses are uncommon in hairy cell leukemia: a study based on comparative genomic hybridization and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

In contrast to other subtypes of lymphoproliferative malignancies, the genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are unknown. We studied densely infiltrated splenic tissue of 14 cases of HCL for the presence of chromosomal gains and losses by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Chromosomal imbalances were detected in only four of the 14 cases. Chromosomal gains involved the regions 5q13-q31 (two cases) and 1p32-p36.2 (one case). A loss of the region 11q14-q22 was found in one additional patient. The imbalances affecting the regions 5q and 11q were confirmed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using PAC clone 144G9 (5q31) and YAC clones 755B11 (11q22.3-q23.1) and 801E11 (11q22.3-q23.1 spanning the ATM gene) and occurred in 61% to 75% of analyzed nuclei. The latter DNA probes and probes hybridizing to chromosomal regions, which are frequently deleted in other subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), namely 9p21/ P16(INK4A), 13q14/D13S25, and 17p13/P53 were subsequently applied to all 14 cases of HCL, but no additional abnormalities were found. We conclude that overrepresentation of chromosome 5 represents a recurrent aberration in HCL and that the commonly overrepresented region resides in 5q13-q31. Chromosomal imbalances including deletions of the tumor suppressor gene loci 9p21/P16(INK4A), 13q14/D13S25, and 17p13/P53 rarely occur in HCL in contrast to some other subtypes of B-cell NHL. The pathogenetic role of 11q/ATM alterations in HCL remains to be determined.     

Variant Ph translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia

Variant translocations were found in eight of 142 consecutive patients with Ph-positive, chronic myeloid leukemia encountered in our laboratory during the last decade. Two patients had simple, two-way variant translocations: t(17;22)(p13;q11) and t(16;22)(q24;q11). Both of these patients had an additional translocation involving chromosomes #9: t(7;9)(q22;q34) and t(9;17)(q34;q21), respectively. Complex variant translocations were found in four cases: t(2;9;22)(p23q12;q34;q11), t(3;9;22)(p21;q34;q11), t(9;12;22)(q34;q13;q11q13), and t(13;17;22)(p11;p11q21;q11). In two cases, the only discernable cytogenetic aberration was del(22)(q11). A review of the chromosomal breakpoints involved in this series and in 185 cases of variant Ph translocations previously reported in the literature reveals that a disproportionately large number of breakpoints are located in light-staining regions of G-banded chromosomes. Furthermore, the breakpoints in simple variant translocations are more often located in terminal chromosomal regions, whereas, the breakpoints in complex translocations typically affect nonterminal bands. No obvious correlation was detected between variant Ph translocation breakpoints and either fragile sites, oncogene locations, or consistent chromosome breakpoints in other malignancies.