Willis环不同mTICI代偿分级对单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者血管重建术的决策影响

目的 探讨经CTA、CTP、DSA联合评估Willis环不同mTICI代偿分级对单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者脑血流灌注差异。方法 根据CTA筛选出单侧颈动脉狭窄≥70%的患者65例并同时完善了CTP检查,其中33例经DSA压颈试验证实有经前交通动脉和/或后交通动脉向狭窄侧代偿供血(mTICI≥2b)称Willis环代偿良好组;另32例经DSA压颈试验证实没有向狭窄侧的代偿供血,或代偿不充分(mTICI≤2a)称Willis环代偿不良组。对所有患者给与狭窄血管的颈内动脉支架置入手术(CAS),残余狭窄≤30%。所有患者术后3 m内均完善CTP检查,测量并计算两组大脑中动脉供血区术前、术后的相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)和相对达峰时间(rTTP)。两组术前、术后灌注参数自身比较与组间横向比较。结果 两组术前Willis环代偿不良组rMTT、rTTP延长、rCBV略增加与Willis环代偿良好组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),而rCBF差异不显著(P=0.14);术后Willis环代偿不良组rCBV、rCBF、rMTT、rTTP与Willi...     

Willis环结构及功能对颈动脉重度狭窄患者支架置入术的决策影响

目的探讨CTA、CT灌注成像联合DSA评估单侧颈动脉重度狭窄患者,Willis环结构及功能对颈动脉支架置入的决策影响。方法根据CTA筛选出单侧颈动脉狭窄90%的患者80例,40例经DSA证实有通过前交通动脉和/或后交通动脉向狭窄侧代偿供血,称Willis环代偿组;另40例经DSA证实没有向狭窄侧的代偿血供,称Willis环无代偿组。两组均同时行CTP检查,测量并计算两组大脑中动脉供血区的相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)和相对达峰时间(rTTP)。对40例Willis环无代偿组的颈动脉狭窄患者给与支架置入术,残余狭窄30%,术后7 d再次行CT灌注扫描。Willis环无代偿组术前、术后的相对灌注参数分别与Willis环代偿组比较。结果 Willis环无代偿组术前rMTT、rTTP与Willis环代偿组比较有统计学差异(P0.05),Willis环无代偿组术后与Willis环代偿组rCBV、rCBF、rMTT、rTTP比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论对单侧颈动脉重度狭窄的患者,Willis的结构和功能可明显改变脑血流分布,为颈动脉支架置入术的选择提供参考。     

脑灌注CT成像评价静脉溶栓桥接动脉取栓后血流动力学变化与临床疗效的关系

目的利用CT灌注成像技术(CTP)评价比较静脉溶栓桥接动脉取栓治疗前后脑血流动力学变化及与临床疗效的关系。方法收集发病12h内急性脑梗死(ACI)患者行头颅MRI筛查,符合静脉溶栓标准且合并颅内大动脉闭塞或严重狭窄的患者73例,按照是否桥接动脉取栓治疗分为两组,A组为单纯静脉溶栓组,B组为静脉溶栓桥接动脉取栓组;术前及术后24h行头颅CTP检查;比较B组患者治疗前后血流灌注的变化,并比较A、B两组患者治疗后灌注各参数的变化及与疗效的关系。结果 B组治疗前后的相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)存在明显差异(P <0.05);A组与B组治疗后rCBF、rCBV、rMTT、rTTP存在明显差异(P <0.05);A、B两组患者血管再通率比较存在明显差异(P <0.05),症状改善率、转归良好率比较有明显差异(P <0.05)。结论静脉溶栓桥接动脉取栓能显著改善合并颅内大动脉闭塞或严重狭窄脑梗死患者脑血流动力学;CTP能够比较客观准确地评估血流再灌注程度,能够更全面、准确、客观地反映治疗的效果,并指导后续干预治疗。     

CT灌注成像对烟雾病直接搭桥术后脑血流的评估

目的应用CT灌注成像(CTP)方法探讨烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术对脑血流量的影响。方法选择2014年12月至2015年5月本院就诊的烟雾病患者35例,由全脑血管造影术(DSA)确诊为烟雾病。分别于术前、术后7d检查头颅CTP,在术侧及对侧根据患者的临床症状,划定相应位置作为感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI),取得各参数后,进行配对t检验。结果患者行颞浅-大脑中动脉搭桥术,94%患者脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)较术前增加,平均通过时间(MTT)较前缩短,达峰时间(TTP)无明显变化。术前、术后相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV),相对平均通过时间(rMTT)两两比较P0.05。相对达峰时间(rTTP)P0.05。结论 CT灌注成像(CTP)对烟雾病直接搭桥术患者术前、术后脑血流的评估具有重要的临床意义。     

单侧大脑中动脉狭窄的脑磁共振灌注成像研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)不同狭窄程度时的脑磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)表现。方法对31例经DSA诊断为单侧MCA狭窄或闭塞患者行脑磁共振PWI检查,并对不同程度MCA狭窄状态下患侧和健侧大脑半球的脑灌注参数局部脑血流量(rCBF)、局部脑血容量(rCBV)、局部平均通过时间(rMTT)、局部达峰时间(rTTP)进行定量分析。结果31例患者中,DSA诊断单侧MCA轻中度狭窄14例,其中脑灌注异常11例;患侧大脑半球rTTP较健侧显著延长(P0.01)。MCA重度狭窄或闭塞17例,均出现异常灌注;患侧大脑半球rTTP较健侧显著延长(P0.01),而患侧rCBF较健侧明显减少(P0.05),患侧rMTT健侧亦显著延长(P0.05)。结论通过脑灌注成像参数综合分析,磁共振PWI能准确评估MCA狭窄程度和脑组织血供情况,可为脑缺血的临床诊断提供重要价值。     

大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞患者侧支循环及脑灌注评估与预后的关系

目的 探讨大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞的急性脑梗死患者责任血管范围侧支循环及磁共振灌注状态与预后的关系。方法 选取2018年1月-2019年7月在徐州医科大学附属医院神经内科住院行CT血管成像检查诊断单侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞的急性脑梗死患者79例,根据侧支循环情况分为侧支循环良好组及侧支循环不良组,均行磁共振灌注加权成像检查,比较灌注参数情况、入院时与治疗7 d后NIHSS评分及出院3个月后的MRS评分、出院3个月内终点事件情况。结果(1)侧支循环良好组患侧rCBV增加,rTTP、rMTT延长(P均<0.01); 侧支循环不良组患侧rTTP、rMTT延长,患侧rCBF降低(P<0.01);(2)侧支循环不良组患侧rMTT、rCBV低于侧支循环良好组(P<0.05);(3)侧支循环良好组入院时、治疗7 d后NIHSS评分、出院3个月后MRS评分、出院3个月内终点事件发生率均较侧支循环不良组低(P<0.05)。结论 良好的侧支循环及脑灌注状态对大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞导致急性脑梗死患者的预后改善有重要意义     

颅内大动脉狭窄性缺血性脑卒中患者不同时间点侧支循环的功能评价

目的观察颅内大动脉狭窄性卒中患者在不同时间点脑血流灌注各参数的变化情况及探讨侧支循环的功能评价。方法收集2017年3月至2018年4月就诊于新乡医学院第一附属医院神经内科的45例颈内动脉颅内段或大脑中动脉中重度狭窄/闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者,所有患者均于发病7d内行CT灌注(CTP)检查,其中20例患者在3个月、15例患者在6个月、10例患者在12个月复查CTP。对不同随访时间点进行对比分析患侧脑血流量(CBF)参数、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及CTP各参数包括相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)和相对延迟时间(rDelay)。结果 3个月复查时有50%的患者CBF参数无明显改变,甚至有30%的患者CBF在进行性下降,仅有20%的患者CBF参数增加;6个月复查时,有47%的患者CBF无明显改变,有20%的CBF在进行性下降,有33%的CBF增加;12个月复查时,有40%的患者CBF无明显改变,有20%的CBF在进行性下降,而有40%的CBF增加。且在12个月时患者mRS评分有所下降(P 0.05)。3个月访视组CTP各参数表现为缺血半暗带区rCBV、rTTP、rDelay均较发病时下降,差异有统计学意义(P 0.01);6个月时CTP表现为缺血半暗带区rMTT、rTTP和rDelay均较发病时下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);12个月时CTP表现为缺血半暗带区rCBF增多,rMTT、rTTP和r Delay均较发病时下降,差异有统计学意义(P 0.01)。结论 CTP中CBF参数在不同时间点均有增加及下降的改变;不同时间点CTP各参数变化不同,TTP、Delay、MTT时间参数变化较早,CBF和CBV参数变化较晚,且在12个月复查CTP中CBF增加最明显,且患者预后较好,更能间接反应侧支循环建立及预后情况。     

进展性与完全性脑梗死患者CT灌注成像及CT血管造影分析

目的 观察进展性和完全性脑梗死患者在CT灌注成像(CTP)及CT血管造影(CTA)方面的差异.方法 对患者进行CTP及CTA检查,获取相对CBF(rCBF)、相对CBV(rCBV)数据,并获得脑动脉狭窄情况.结果 2组rCBF、rCBV和颈动脉系统中度以上狭窄检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对于脑梗死患者,可采用CTA及CTP检查来明确脑动脉狭窄程度和脑灌注情况,辨别潜在病情进展患者.     

CTA和CTP评估急性缺血性脑卒中侧支循环状态及与预后的关系

目的 探讨CT动脉血管成像（CTA）和CT灌注成像（CTP）在急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）侧支循环及预后评估中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020-01—2023-06广元市中心医院96例AIS患者的临床资料,患者入院后均行CTA及CTP检查,基于CTA图像分为侧支循环良好组和不良组,比较2组CTP参数值[相对脑血流量（rCBF）、相对脑血容量（rCBV）、相对对比剂峰值时间（rTTP）、相对平均通过时间（rMTT）],采用Spearman相关分析侧支循环评分与CTP参数值的相关性。随访3个月,依据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分将患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较2组临床资料及影像学结果,采用多因素Logistic回归分析AIS预后的影响因素。结果 96例患者CTA评估侧支循环良好组63例（65.63%）,侧支循环不良组33例（34.37%）。侧支循环良好组rCBF、rCBV较侧支循环不良组高（P<0.05）,rTTP、rMTT较侧支循环不良组低（P<0.05）。rCBF、rCBV均与CTA侧支循环评分呈正相关（r=0.472、0.518,P<0.01）,rTTP...     

经颅多普勒联合CT灌注成像对单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者脑血流动力学评价

目的 经颅多普勒(TCD)联合CT灌注成像(CrP)对单侧颈内动脉(ICA)重度狭窄或闭塞患者脑血流动力学评价.方法 经TCD检测为单侧ICA重度狭窄或闭塞患者19例,分症状组(9例)及无症状组(10例),行头颅CT血管成像(CTA)和CTP检查.15例健康志愿者为对照组.比较症状组和无症状组患侧之间、症状组和无症状组患侧与对照组TCD及CTP参数.结果 TCD示症状组患侧大脑中动脉(MCA)平均血流速度(Vm)低于对照组(P＜0.001),而无症状组MCA Vm低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);症状组和无症状组MCA搏动指数(PI)均低于对照组(P＜0.05).症状组患侧MCA Vm明显低于无症状组(P ＜0.001),与颅内侧枝循环有关.症状组和无症状组与对照组CTP参数分析,症状组患侧脑血流量(CBF)减低(P＜0.05),而无症状组CBF无明显改变(P＞0.05);症状组和无症状组平均通过时间(MTI)及达峰时间(TIP)延长(P＜0.05),但两组脑血容量(CBV)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TCD与CTP结果有良好的一致性,二者联合应用可以综合评估单侧颈动脉狭窄或闭塞患者脑灌注情况,为临床选择有效治疗方案提供科学依据.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.