输尿管肾镜治疗输尿管上段结石113例报告

目的 观察输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法 应用德国WOLF Fg/9．8硬性输尿管肾镜，瑞士EMS气压弹道碎石机治疗输尿管上段结石患113例，其中双侧5例，共计118侧。结果 100侧原位碎石成功，成功率84．7％。结论 气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石具有创伤小、安全性高、成功率高、术后住院日短、康复快等特点，结合ESWL，输尿管上段结石患绝大多数不需开放手术。     

输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术治疗前尿道结石38例

目的　探讨应用输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术治疗前尿道结石的效果。方法　应用输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术对38例前尿道结石患者进行治疗。结果　33例顺利取出结石,成功率86.8%。5例因结石上移至膀胱,改用经尿道膀胱碎石术取出结石,随访6个月,97%(37/38)患者术后未出现尿道狭窄。结论　输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术可作为前尿道结石的首选治疗方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的：探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石患者128例，其中5例为ESWL后输尿管石街形成，6例并发急性梗阻性肾功能不全。结果：128例中，一次性碎石成功117例，占91．4％。碎石失败11例，占8．6％，其中6例输尿管上段结石移位至肾盂，留置双J管后行ESWL治愈，另外2例输尿管穿孔和3例进镜失败患者均立即改行开放手术治愈。6例并发急性梗阻性肾功能不全患者碎石术后即进入多尿期，2周后复查肾功能恢复正常。结论：输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石具有微创、安全、效果好等优点，可作为输尿管中、下段结石的首选治疗方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管上段结石临床体会

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石疗效。方法对60例应用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石回顾性分析。结果 46例患者术中完全碎石,12例患者术中结石移入肾盂,均留置双J管后行体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗。2例输尿管扭曲或狭窄致进镜困难,无法窥见结石,其中1例转开放手术,1例置双J管后ESWL治疗。结论输尿管上段结石采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石以及术后结合ESWL疗效肯定,但术中操作者的熟练操作、冲洗速度的调整、术前合适病例的选择是手术成功的关键。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗体外冲击波碎石失败的输尿管结石67例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗因体外冲波碎石术(ESWL)失败的输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法：采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗ESWL失败的输尿管结石67例。结果：59例碎石成功，成功率为88％；并发症5例，发生率为7．5％。结论：输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术是治疗输尿管结石较为安全有效的方法，对ESWL失败的输尿管结石碎石效果也较满意。     

输尿管镜、肾镜治疗输尿管结石(附226例报告)

目的探讨应用输尿管镜、肾镜治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法应用输尿管镜、肾镜配合瑞士产EMS三代超声气压弹道碎石机治疗226例输尿管结石。上段结石58例采用经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石机碎石,其余168例中下段结石采用输尿管镜逆行气压弹道碎石。结果一次碎石成功211例,结石排净时间1周-3个月。术中无输尿管穿孔和撕脱。15例结石上冲至肾盂,放置双J管后行ESWL治疗,3个月结石排净。结论输尿管镜、肾镜配合瑞士产EMS三代超声气压弹道碎石机治疗输尿管结石高效,微创,安全可靠。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗尿道结石(附36例报道)

目的 总结输尿管镜气压弹道碎行术治疗男性尿道结石的疗效。方法 采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗男性尿道结石36例。结果 所有病例一次性碎石成功，平均碎石时间为17min。术后无明显出血、感染及尿道狭窄等并发症。随访3～7个月，均排尿通畅，无尿道狭窄及结石复发。结论 输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗男性尿道结石，高效、安全，操作简单，值得推广。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗ESWL术后残留输尿管结石38例

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗体外冲击波碎石术（extracorporeal chock wave lithotripsy，ESWL）术后残留输尿管结石的疗效。方法对38例ESWL术后残留输尿管结石患者应用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果38例均一次碎石成功，术后1个月复查结石均排尽。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗ESWL术后残留的输尿管结石安全、有效。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗尿道结石17例

目的报告输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗尿道结石的经验。方法对我院2001年9月至2004年10月间应用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗尿道结石17例进行回顾性分析。结果所有病例均成功碎石,碎石时间5~30min,术后无明显出血、感染、严重尿道损伤、尿道狭窄等并发症,均能排净结石。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗尿道结石疗效确切、经济、安全、损伤小、并发症少,是治疗尿道结石较好的方法。     

气压弹道碎石联合ESWL治疗输尿管中下段结石

目的：探讨气压弹道碎石联合体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗输尿管中下段结石的临床疗效。方法：采用气压弹道碎石联合ESWL治疗输尿管中下段结石188例。结果：188例中,185例碎石成功,2例碎石失败,1例输尿管穿孔。结论：气压弹道碎石联合ESWL治疗输尿管中下段结石有高效、安全、并发症少、适应证广的优点。     

急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛

目的探讨急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院2006年1月至2008年12月行急诊输尿管镜下碎石取石手术治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛的患者临床资料,共137例,其中男78例,女59例,平均年龄38±9岁。中段11例,下段126例。结果 130例患者一次取石成功,成功率94.9%(130/137);7例未成功,其中2例术中发现结石已排入膀胱,5例进镜失败,术后行体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL),2个月内复查结石均排净。结论急诊行输尿管镜下碎石取石术治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛是一安全有效选择。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石412例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜（URS）气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法：采用URS取石或配合气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石患者412例。结果：一次性碎石取石成功率为88．3％，其中输尿管上段结石为56．3％（18／32），输尿管中段结石为87．9％（80／91），输尿管下段结石为97．1％（266／274），并发症主要为术后发热（13例），肾绞痛（9例），及血尿等。结论：URS气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石安全有效，损伤小，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的好方法。     

经尿道输尿管镜联合体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石256报告

目的探讨输尿管镜联合体外震波碎石（extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy，ESWL）治疗输尿管结石的价值。方法2005年10月-2007年6月采用输尿管镜联合ESWL治疗输尿管结石256例，中段（56例）及下段（170例）结石用输尿管镜取石，上段（30例）结石用ESWL碎石，输尿管镜取石失败或结石残留联合ESWL治疗。结果输尿管下段结石一期结石清除率98．2％（167／170），中段结石一期结石清除率89．2％（50／56），上段结石一期结石清除率73．3％（22／30）。输尿管穿孔3例，输尿管黏膜撕脱1例，结石远端输尿管扭曲进镜致使尿管穿孔改切开取石1例，输尿管镜取石失败或结石残留联合ESWL治疗二期结石清除率91．7％（11／12）。结论输尿管镜治疗输尿管下段及中段结石成功率高，输尿管镜取石失败或结石残留联合ESWL可提高二期结石清除率。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的治疗效果. 方法 我院2002年8月～2006年4月采用Wolf F8/9.8硬性输尿管镜联合瑞士EMS气压弹道碎石机碎石治疗输尿管结石158例163侧.采用椎管内麻醉,生理盐水作为冲洗液,输尿管镜进入输尿管,到达结石处后,气压弹道击碎并取出结石,并上行观察输尿管全长,术后留置双J管引流.结果手术时间15～90 min,平均40 min.碎石成功率96.9%（158/163）,其中输尿管上段结石碎石成功率86.6%（13/15）,中段结石碎石成功率96.9%（46/49）,下段结石碎石成功率100%（99/99）;2例输尿管上段结石移位至肾盂内,留置双J管后行体外冲击波碎石,其余3例为结石被击碎后,残余小结石进入肾盂,留置双J管后行药物排石或体外冲击波碎石.术中出现输尿管穿孔3例（1.8%）,留置双J管引流后治愈;无输尿管粘膜撕脱、断裂、周围血管脏器损伤等严重并发症,无中转开放手术.125例随访1～38个月,平均15个月,B超或KUB检查,无结石复发. 结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石具有碎石成功率高,创伤小,手术时间较短等优点,是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、有效的方法.     

Two years clinical experiences with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and transurethral ureterolithotripsy for ureteral stones at Osaka City University Hospital

From July 1985 to June 1987, 303 patients with ureteral stones were treated by either extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL). The ureteral stones were classified into two groups, upper and lower ureteral stones. The upper ureteral stone was defined as a stone located above the pelvic brim in radiological examinations. ESWL was performed using a Dornier lithotriptor HM-3. For TUL, following the insertion of a guide wire and dilatation of the intramural ureter by ureteral bougie, a ureteroscope was introduced into the ureter. The success rate included both patients who became stone free and patients whose stones were disintegrated into less than 4 mm. The success rate of ESWL for upper ureteral stones was 90%, and 8.5% were treated subsequently by TUL. The success rate of TUL for upper ureteral stones was 42%, and the remaining required another session of TUL or another procedure, mainly ESWL. On the other hand, the success rate of TUL for lower ureteral stones was 71%, and the remainder also required another session of TUL or another procedure, mainly ESWL. The efficacy of TUL for stone street was comparably low by the evaluation done at 5 days after the procedure. However, almost all patients with stone street, which had developed after ESWL treatment, became stone free several weeks after TUL and insertion of a stent catheter. Major complications or side effects for ESWL were fever of more than 37.5 degrees C (7.5%) and pain attacks (8.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral lithiasis with pneumatic lithotripsy: analysis of 287 procedures in a public hospital

Ureteroscopes and different lithotripsy methods have greatly improved the urologists ability to treat ureteral stones, regardless of their location in the ureter. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotriptor in 287 patients with ureteral calculi. Ureteroscopic stone treatment was performed between October 1999 and May 2004. Of 221 patients with distal ureteral calculi, 209 (group 1), and 58 of 66 patients with upper ureteral calculi (group 2) were treated successfully by ureteroscopy alone. In group 1, seven migrated stones (to the upper urinary tract) were successfully treated by ESWL later. There were five-treatment failures due to ureteral perforation which consequently required open ureterolithotomy. In group 2, there were five patients with migrated stones; two of them were sent to a percutaneous nephrolithotomy center because of previously unsuccessful ESWL attempts. Three of these with migrated stones were treated by ESWL later. In three patients, we switched to open ureterolithotomy because of ureteral rupture that required surgical repair. Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment modality for ureteral calculi.     

Endoscopic management of impacted ureteral stones using a small caliber ureteroscope and a laser lithotriptor

PURPOSE: We reviewed our experience with retrograde endoscopy using a small caliber ureteroscope and a laser lithotriptor in 104 consecutive patients with impacted ureteral stones and also analyzed the associated endoscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1993 to October 1999 we performed retrograde endoscopic treatment in 104 patients with impacted ureteral stones. Average maximum stone diameter was 15.2 mm. (range 2 to 110), and 9 patients had stones larger than 3 cm. Mean duration of impaction was more than 14 months and the longest was 10 years. We used 6.9Fr rigid or 6.9 to 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscopes and a pulsed dye laser or holmium:YAG laser lithotriptor. RESULTS: Of the 104 ureteral stones 100 (96.2%) were completely fragmented by a single endoscopic procedure. Although 1 uric acid stone could not be disintegrated by either the pulsed dye laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy early in this series, it was discharged spontaneously 2 weeks after the procedure. Additional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) was required in 3 patients who initially had stones larger than 3 cm. A month after treatment no patient had evidence of residual stones. Using adjuvant ESWL a 100% success rate was attained with minimal morbidity. Endoscopic observation revealed inflammatory polyps of the ureter in 22 patients (21.2%), and stricture adjacent to the stone in 16 (15. 4%). There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: Using a small caliber ureteroscope and a laser lithotriptor we could treat the target stone in all 104 patients with adjuvant ESWL in 3 cases. Endoscopic lithotripsy seems to be effective first line therapy for chronically impacted stones which are frequently associated with chronic inflammation, polyps and strictures, and avoids the futile repetition of ESWL and problems related to the prolonged passage of stone fragments.     

肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的原因分析

目的:探讨肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的原因。方法:对2008年5月~2012年6月5例肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的临床资料进行分析并文献复习。结果:采用上海交通大学JDPN-ⅤB型液电式碎石机治疗后引起肾脏血肿3例,深圳惠康HK.ESWL-109型电磁式碎石机治疗引起2例。体型肥胖并高血压2例(其中1例糖尿病)。2例因输尿管结石梗阻感染行输尿管镜取石术后行同侧肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿,2例行一侧输尿管结石ESWL后行对侧肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿,1例右输尿管上段结石ESWL后部分结石上移肾内行肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿。4例保守治疗痊愈(肾包膜下血肿2例,肾包膜破裂肾周血肿2例);1例肾周大血肿腹膜后扩散,输血3 500ml,行高选择性肾动脉分支栓塞治愈。结论:ESWL并非绝对安全、没有重大并发症,只有掌握合适的适应证才安全可靠,在治疗前后需要仔细观察和评估。导致肾脏血肿的易患因素有凝血功能异常、抗凝药物的使用、糖尿病、高血压、老年患者、心脏病、肥胖等因素。高低能量冲击波的交替使用,有助于提高碎石的成功率及安全性。绝大多数患者可以通过保守治疗治愈,少数需要肾动脉栓塞治疗,个别严重患者需要肾切除来挽救生命。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石(附154例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法2002年5月～2005年5月，我院采用Wolf F8/9.8硬性输尿管镜和气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石154例。结果154例输尿管结石中，141例治疗成功，成功率91．6％（141／154），上段、中段、下段输尿管结石的治疗成功率分别为60．0％（12／20）、93．3％（42／45）和97．8％（87／89），术中并发症发生率2．6％（4／154），其中黏膜下假道和输尿管穿孔各2例，均放置双J管引流治愈。术后1个月无石率为95．7％（135／141）。125例随访3～6个月，平均4．2月，无复发及输尿管狭窄。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石安全、微创、效果确切，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。