2011年广汉市职业病危害因素监测与健康监护结果

目的 了解广汉市作业场所职业病危害因素监测和有毒有害作业人员健康监护情况,为制定职业病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 根据健康危害监测信息系统资料对该市2011年职业病危害因素监测情况和健康监护结果进行分析.结果 2011年该市作业场所职业病危害因素检测合格率为87.51％.粉尘、化学毒物、物理因素检测合格率分别为86.34％、96.40％、81.49％.职业健康检查中疑似职业病和职业禁忌证检出率分别为2.02％、0.03％.结论 相关部门应进一步加强职业卫生监管工作,重点加强粉尘、噪声、苯系物、锰等职业病危害因素作业场所的职业卫生管理及作业人员的健康监护工作.     

甘南地区某金矿全泥氰化车间职业病危害因素调查

目的 了解甘南地区某金矿职业有害因素在各作业点的分布及作业工人个体接触水平,提出预防措施和个人防护措施.方法 按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、《工作场所空气有毒物质的测定无机含氮化合物》及《工作场所空气中粉尘测定》对全泥氰化车间进行检测及分析.结果 氰化钠、氰化氢、氢氧化钠、矽尘、活性炭粉尘和噪声为该企业主要的职业病危害因素,检测结果显示,化学物质全部符合国家职业卫生标准限值.粉尘超限倍数超标率为37.5％.噪声8h等效声级计算超标率为75.0％.结论 矽尘和噪声是破碎筛分、磨矿分级、预浸吸附工段的主要职业病危害因素,应加强除尘和防尘设备的日常管理和维护,在密集的高噪声设备与预浸吸附罐区域之间加设隔声墙面.加强工人个人防护和加强职业健康监护,防止职业病的发生.     

某钢结构生产企业职业病危害因素调查

[目的]了解某钢结构生产企业存在的职业病危害因素和职业病危害防护措施,为职业病防治工作提供依据。[方法]采用现场职业卫生学调查和工作场所职业病危害因素检测方法,进行职业卫生现况调查分析。按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》,选择有代表性的作业点进行检测,其中粉尘选择9个检测点、毒物选择20个检测点、噪声选择23个检测点、紫外线选择6个检测点。[结果]该企业存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、二甲苯等有毒物质以及噪声、紫外线等物理因素,其中粉尘合格率为100．0％,紫外强度合格率100．O％,锰及其无机化合物浓度合格率为50．0％,噪声强度合格率为73．9％。[结论]钢结构生产企业主要有粉尘、毒物和噪声等职业病危害因素,企业应采取有效的职业病危害防护措施,制定并严格执行职业健康检查和职业病危害因素监测制度。     

云浮某发电厂工作场所粉尘的分析与控制

目的 分析、了解发电厂工作场所粉尘职业危害及其控制效果,为职业卫生检测机构评价粉尘测定结果超限倍数要求提供参考. 方法 对该发电厂进行职业卫生流行病学现场调查,对工作场所个体和粉尘作业岗位进行时间加权平均浓度（TWA）和短时间接触浓度（STEL）的测定、评价. 结果 测定10个个体粉尘作业岗位的TWA,合格率为60.0％;测定32个粉尘作业岗位的STEL,符合超限倍数要求25个,符合率为78.1％. 结论 该发电厂的粉尘职业危害主要在燃煤输送皮带和除尘、除灰作业岗位.应加强综合防治措施,保证工作场所粉尘浓度符合国家职业卫生标准要求,控制粉尘职业危害.     

甘肃省火力发电厂工作场所职业病危害因素现状

目的了解甘肃省火力发电厂工作场所职业病危害因素现状。方法对生产过程中产生的各类职业病危害因素,进行检测。结果①火电厂的呼吸性粉尘平均合格率为50.5%;②化学危害因素CO、NOx、SO2、NH、NaOH浓度平均合格率100%,盐酸浓度平均合格率96%,联氨浓度平均合格率为23.1%;③物理危害因素噪声平均合格率为33.1%,高温危害平均合格率为86%;工频电场强度测定结果平均合格率为100%。结论该省火电厂职业病危害因素主要为粉尘、噪声。     

深圳市罗湖区职业卫生现状分析

目的了解深圳市罗湖区职业卫生现状。方法依据国家职业卫生标准及规范，对2006年委托该区疾病预防控制中心的企业工作场所有毒有害因素的浓度或强度进行检测，对企业接触有毒有害因素的工人进行体检。结果2006年共检测存在有毒有害因素企业80家，占罗湖区现有企业10％左右；检测粉尘浓度40个点，合格率100％；化学因素637个点，合格率97．2％；噪声强度635个点，合格率91．2％。体检异常率分别为：接触粉尘工人0，接触化学因素工人10．3％，接触物理因素工人10％。结论虽然深圳市罗湖区工厂企业各有害因素检测合格率较高，但该区企业工作场所有害因素危害问题仍不可忽视，应加强监督管理。     

某燃煤电厂职业病危害现状调查与评价

目的分析某燃煤火力发电厂产生的主要职业病危害因素,分析其危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,提出职业病危害的关键控制点和防护的特殊要求,保护劳动者健康。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测等方法对建设项目进行评价。结果该电厂存在的主要职业危害因素包括粉尘、噪声、高温及氨、氢氧化钠、盐酸、一氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、二氧化硫等有毒物质,该电厂采取先进生产工艺技术,工人采取巡检作业方式,职业病危害防护设施设置基本合理。检测结果表明粉尘超标率为35．2％,有毒物质中氨和硫酸存在超标现象,噪声超标率为9．7％。结论粉尘和氨、硫酸是该燃煤火力发电厂的主要职业病危害,输煤系统、除灰渣系统是该项目粉尘的关键控制点,化学水处理系统的氨、硫酸添加点是毒物的关键控制点,对超标的作业点应进一步改进职业病危害防护措施,加强职业卫生管理,同时需加大职业病防护知识宣传,提高劳动者的自我防护意识。     

某电厂建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的了解某电厂职业病危害控制效果。方法对工作场所进行现场职业卫生学调查,确定作业场所中产生和存在的职业病危害因素并进行检测。结果工作场所中粉尘、SO2、HCl、CO、H4N2、H2S检测结果均符合国家职业卫生标准,噪声合格率为92．86％。结论该项目对粉尘、噪声、化学性有毒物质等职业病危害因素均采取了防护措施,有效地降低了职业病危害因素的浓度或强度,工程的职业病危害因素的控制措施基本可行、有效。     

浅述职业与健康

在现代工作环境中,存在着一定的职业危害性因素,如各种有毒化学物质、生产性粉尘、生产性噪声等,广大企业职工长期接触有害因素和大剂量的化学物质可引起职业中毒,损害身体健康,减损劳动能力,为保障从业人员的卫生安全,预防职业危害和职业病,必须开展职业卫生服务,减少或消除工作环境中存在的各种职业性有害因素。 在有害作业场所,企业职工长期接触剂量较大的生产性粉尘可引起尘肺病;生产中纺织机械的噪声强度如超过国家卫生标准限值以上,工人经常接触生产     

火炸药小试和中试作业场所职业危害因素研究

目的 了解火炸药小试和中试作业场所职业危害因素分布及浓度情况,为保障火炸药行业作业人员的身体健康提供科学依据.方法 依据GBZ 159-2004<工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范>和GBZ/T192.1-2007<工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分>对车间进行定点采样.结果 被检测的14种化学物质和粉尘浓度波动范围较大...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.