科技期刊合著论文作者的贡献与署名

科研合作和合著论文多作者署名的普遍出现是科技进步的表现。但目前也存在一些合著论文作者署名不规范、不合理的现象。本文梗概地介绍了科技期刊合著论文作者署名的依据、规则,通常做法,新近出现的等同贡献作者署名行为。针对署名中存在的学术不端问题,提出一种新的署名做法,即标示署名作者贡献及责任. 希望此做法能得到科技期刊编辑能广泛认同与使用,以规范科研论文作者署名的行为,防范学术腐败的滋生。     

医学生综合症与临床鉴别诊断教学

该研究调查和深入分析了医学生“医学生综合症”的表现和形成的心理因素。并在临床医学院学生诊断学的带教过程中，应用“医学生综合症”的特点展开新的教学形式，以加深医学生对疾病诊断与鉴别诊断的认识，缓解学生的心理压力，促进教学质量的提高。     

The medical student global health experience: professionalism and ethical implications

Medical student and resident participation in global health experiences (GHEs) has significantly increased over the last decade. In response to growing student interest and the proven impact of such experiences on the education and career decisions of resident physicians, many medical schools have begun to establish programmes dedicated to global health education. For the innumerable benefits of GHEs, it is important to note that medical students have the potential to do more harm than good in these settings when they exceed their actual capabilities as physicians-in-training. While medical training programmes are beginning to provide students with the knowledge to put their GHEs in context, they must remember that they also bear the responsibility of training their students in a framework to approach these experiences in a principled and professional way. It is necessary that these institutions provide adequate and formalised preparation for both clinical and ethical challenges of working in resource-poor settings. This paper outlines potential benefits and risks of GHEs and delineates recommendations to some of the current issues.     

青年大学生自我教育与乡村生活体验

青年大学生需要在自我教育中,懂自己、懂生活。青年大学生社会性的发展不能离开其生活体验。青年大学生在纯朴的乡村生活的体验中,不仅可以学会懂自己、懂生活,也会更爱自己、更热爱生活。     

Survey of "instructions to authors" of Indian medical journals for reporting of ethics and authorship criteria

This study looked at information on ethics reporting and authorship in the "instructions to authors" section of Indian medical journals. Instructions to authors in 59 Indian medical journals were examined for guidance on ethics reporting and authorship. Guidance regarding ethics was mentioned in 43 (72.8%) journals; assent from minors was mentioned in 9 (15.2%) journals; approval from an animal ethics committee was mentioned in 10 (16.9%) journals; authorship criteria were mentioned in 38 (64.5%) journals. Authorship criteria according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors were mentioned in 35 (59.3%) journals. Guidance regarding contributors' details was mentioned in 30 (50.8%) journals. These findings suggest that many editors of Indian medical journals must upgrade their instructions to authors to include ethical requirements.     

Student-selected components in surgery: providing practical experience and increasing student confidence

Introduction  Reviews of the medical school curriculum in the UK and Ireland have recommended the introduction of student-selected components (SSCs). The Department of Surgery in The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) has introduced a 6-week surgical SSC, which aims to develop practical clinical skills, provide mentorship and prepare students for internship. Methods  Emphasis was placed on exposure to surgical specialities, teaching practical skills and student integration into surgical teams. Students completed an online survey pre- and post-SSC, assessing attitudes towards the course and confidence in performing ward-based and surgical skills. Results  The mean Likert scale scores increased for all the skills assessed. Students felt that the SSC prepared them for their first day of work and strengthened their desire to pursue surgical careers. Conclusion  A surgical SSC has been successful in increasing student confidence in performing practical skills required for commencing work as a doctor. Provision of dedicated SSCs is likely to influence the career choice of students.

七年制学生病理生理学教学中科研能力的培养

七年制的培养目标定位于临床医学硕士专业学位,而病理生理学作为沟通基础医学与临床医学的桥梁学科,因涉及发病机制的重要内容而备受关注.因此,在病理生理学教学中加强学生科研能力的培养,可以为培养临床"应用型"和"技能型"高素质医学人才打下扎实的基础.     

Perceptions of a required hospice experience: a comparison of first- and fourth-year medical students

As more attention is focused on the need to improve end-of-life care, medical schools are expanding curricula in this area. This paper presents information about a 12-week, 60-hour hospice unit required for first-year medical students between 1989 and 2001, along with a comparison of first- and fourth-year students' perceptions of this unit. Surveyed in summer of 2001 were 111 individuals who had completed the unit: 59 students who had completed the hospice unit in the 2000-01 academic year and 52 graduating students who had completed the hospice unit in the 1997-98 academic year. The survey tapped perceptions of usefulness of the unit, comfort with end-of-life-care knowledge and skills, and suggestions for improvement. Ninety percent of graduating students rated the hospice experience as personally valuable and 81% aceeded its important for medical education, compared to 69% and 65% of first-year students, respectively. Almost all felt that the hospice unit was a useful experience for them as future clinicians. However, there were few differences in comfort with end-of-life skills between the two classes, e.g., almost 90% felt comfortable listening to patients; about 50% felt comfortable with their knowledge of grief/bereavement, symptom control, physical needs and psychosocial needs; and only 25% felt comfortable discussing a patient's terminal illness with the patient and family. The majority of students felt the unit should remain a first-year requirement, but wanted more opportunities to attend dying patients, work with physician role models, and reflect on their experience with death and its meaning.     

谈高职护理学生信息素养的评价标准

随着社会信息化、网络化的迅速发展，信息素养已成为人们日益关注的公民基本素质之一。作为未来的护理人员，高职护理学生的信息素养将直接影响其今后的生存和发展，是护生终身学习的前提和条件。文章讨论并指出，把握高职护理学生信息素养的内涵，明确合格高职护理学生的信息素养标准，将有利于其信息素养的培养和提高。     

Traditional criteria as predictors of minority student success in medical school.

There have been many reports stating that the traditional criteria of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and undergraduate grade-point average (GPA) have little, if any, value in predicting success in the preclinical years of medical school among students from underrepresented (racial and ethnic) minority groups. In contrast to previous articles this report emphasizes that traditional criteria and the quality of the undergraduate college attended are of some statistical value in predicting success in the preclinical years of medical school among accepted students from under represented minority groups. Of these criteria, the one with the greatest predictive value is the selectivity of the undergraduate college attended.     

Modification of medical student perceptions of the cancer experience.

Social, cultural, economic, psychological, and interpersonal dimensions of cancer and cancer patient management were addressed by a diverse group of faculty in an elective course conducted for a small number of students in their second, third, and fourth years of medical school. The covert, symbolic attitudes which students held toward this disease were inferred from their scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) prior to and at the conclusion of the course. At the outset of the course the degree of hopelessness attributed to cancer patients by students was projected in excess of the amount cancer patients actually experience. Test results from an additional 50 medical students identified these bleak perceptions as typical of second-through fourth-year medical students. Significant attitudinal shifts, new insights into cancer patient management, and generally improved interactional skills resulted from the course.     

局部解剖学实验课教学进行科研小论文撰写训练的尝试

目的提高学生对局部解剖学实验课的学习兴趣及动手能力并培养学生初步的科研能力。方法在局部解剖学实验课上，根据辅导教师所拟与临床相关的命题，学生对所有标本进行局部解剖测量并在教师的指导下查阅文献，完成科研论文的撰写。结果学生对论文撰写整个训练过程兴趣浓厚，态度严谨，论文完成情况良好。结论科研小论文的撰写训练是培养学生的科研能力及提高局部解剖学实验课教学质量的有效途径之一。     

局部解剖学实验课教学进行科研小论文撰写训练的尝试

目的提高学生对局部解剖学实验课的学习兴趣及动手能力并培养学生初步的科研能力。方法在局部解剖学实验课上,根据辅导教师所拟与临床相关的命题,学生对所有标本进行局部解剖测量并在教师的指导下查阅文献,完成科研论文的撰写。结果学生对论文撰写整个训练过程兴趣浓厚,态度严谨,论文完成情况良好。结论科研小论文的撰写训练是培养学生的科研能力及提高局部解剖学实验课教学质量的有效途径之一。     

指导参加全国高等医学院校大学生临床技能大赛的体会

通过参加由教育部临床教学研究中心主办的全国高等医学院校大学生临床技能大赛,并结合中山大学连续三次获得“三连冠”佳绩的实践,介绍了其临床技能大赛护理培训指导的内容、方法及效果,以便为今后提高护理实训教学质量提供借鉴。     

高职护理学生MedLab实验操作教学与动手能力、创新思维的培养

目的观察研究目前MedLab实验应用对于培养护生动手能力、创新思维培养存在的问题，以便改进教学。方法了解MedLab实验操作教学的设备构件与工作流程、目前学生的MedLab实践教学情况及教师教学方法的效果。结果学生常因不熟悉MedLab工作流程而影响MedLab实验操作与动手能力，从而影响创新思维的培养。实践教学方法B节约了实验时同，课堂教学效果好于实践教学方法A。结论为培养高职学生的创新思维，MedLab实验操作教学过程中，必须注意让学生熟悉MedLab工作流程，同时教师也要不断总结与改进实践教学方法。     

妊娠期糖尿病新标准的临床应用体会

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)新标准的应用对围生期母儿结局的影响。方法通过对2011年采用妇产科学妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准(旧标准)的4 257例孕妇及对2012年采用国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组IADPSG标准(新标准)的4 792例孕妇进行回顾性研究,分析两组妊娠期糖尿病的检出率及母儿并发症的发病率。结果新标准的妊娠期糖尿病的检出率明显高于旧标准,但母儿并发症的发病率显著低于旧标准。结论应用妊娠期糖尿病新标准,能及早发现妊娠期糖尿病患者,分层管理,控制血糖,有利于改善母儿预后。