P-糖蛋白、bcl-2蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原在肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：研究Ｐ－糖蛋白（Ｐ－ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,Ｐ－ｇｐ）的表达与ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｏｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇ－ｃｅｌｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＰＣＮＡ）表达的关系及意义。方法：用特异性鼠抗人单克隆抗体,用ＳＰ免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的肺癌标本中Ｐ－ｇｐ,ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和ＰＣＮＡ的表达,结果：在小细胞肺癌（ｓａｍｌｌ ｃｅｌｌ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ,ＳＣＬＣ）中,Ｐ     

鼻咽癌组织中bcl—2及EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白表达与放射诱发细胞？…

目的：探讨鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）组织ｂｃｌ－２及ＥＢ病毒潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）表达与放射诱发细胞凋亡的关系。方法采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法及ＴｄＴ酶介导的生物素化ｄＵＴＰ缺口要端标记技术（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）,分别检测３５例ＮＰＣ组中ｂｃｌ－２及ＥＢ病毒ＬＭＰ的表达,以及放疗总量为１０Ｇｙ时ＮＰＣ组织的细胞凋亡率（ＡＲ）。结果ＮＰＣ组织ｂｃｌ－２及ＬＭＰ的表达率分别为７１．４％（２５／３５）、４５．７％（１６／３５）     

分割放疗对鼻咽癌组织细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的：探讨常规分割放疗和超分割放疗对鼻咽癌组织细胞增殖凋亡的影响。方法：采用ＴｄＴ酶介导的生物素化ｄｕｔｐ缺口末端标记技术（ＴＵＮＥＬ）和免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法,分别检测６０例鼻咽癌患者在放疗第２周和第４周时细胞凋亡率（ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｒａｔｅ,ＡＲ）和增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｃｅｌｌ ｎｈｕｃｌｅａｒ ａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＰＣＮＡ）的表达。结果：常规分割放疗组放疗第４周后的ＡＲ     

消化管类癌恶性程度与基因产物表达的相关性研究

目的 研究消化管类癌中分化抗原（ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｒａｎｉｎＡ）,浸润转移相关抗原ｕｒｏｋｉｎａｓｅ,培殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）及细胞凋亡相关抗原ＢＭ－１的表达与该肿瘤恶性程度的关系。方法 应用免疫组化技术（ＳＡＢ法）检测随访８年以上的１３例（其中无转移９例,其他器官转移４例）消化管类癌肿瘤组织ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｒａｎｉｎＡ,ｕｒｃｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＰＣ－ＮＡ及ＢＭ－１的表达状况,并分析这些基因产物表达与该肿     

子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变和子宫颈鳞癌组织中p53与MDM2的表达及其与PCNA的关系

探讨ＭＤＭ２、ｐ５３蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇ ｃｅｌｌ ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＰＣＮＡ）在宫颈癌发生、发展中的作用。方法：用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测ＭＤＭ２、Ｐ５３蛋白及ＰＣＮＡ在７６例正常宫颈上皮、宫颈上内瘤样病变（ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌ ｉｎｔｒａ－ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａ ｎｅｏｐｌａｓｍ,ＣＩＮ）、颈鳞     

TSP、VEGF与大肠癌血管生成、转移关系的研究

目的 分析小板反应素（ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｐｏｎｄｉｎ,ＴＳＰ）、血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒ ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）表达和大肠癌血管生成、远处转移之间的关系。方法 对４７例大肠癌手术标本采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测ＴＳＰ１和ＴＳＰ２ｍＲＮＡ表达,并采用免疫组化法检测微血管计数（ｍｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌ ｃｏｕｎｔ,ＭＶＣ）和ＶＥＧＦ蛋白表达。结果 大肠癌ＭＶＣ和ＶＥＧＦ表达的程度呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４３８,Ｐ＝０．００２）,在淋巴结转移和远处转移者高于无转移者（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＴＳＰ２ｍＲＮＡ表害和ＭＶＣ（ｒ＝－０．３６２,Ｐ＝０．０１）、ＶＥＧＦ表达（ｒ＝－０．３２２,Ｐ〈０．０５）有明显的负相关。ＴＳＰ２ｍＲＮＡ表达率在远处转移病人中低于没有远处转移者（     

细胞周期蛋白、细胞增殖核抗原在胸腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１）、细胞增殖核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）在胸腺瘤中表达及意义。方法：用免疫组织化学方法（Ｓ－Ｐ）法,检测１８例良性胸腺瘤、２０例侵袭性胸腺瘤和１６例胸腺癌标本ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１、ＰＣＮＡ。结果：在３组胸腺肿瘤中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性表达分别为５／１８（２７．７８％）、１３／２０（６５．００％）、１４／１６（８７．５０％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;ＰＣＮＡⅢ－Ⅳ指数分别为：５／１８     

肾盂输尿管癌中p53基因突变及增殖细胞核抗原表达的临床意义

为探讨肾盂输尿管癌中ｐ５３基因突变及增殖细胞核抗原表达的临床意义，采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法，对４５例肾盂输尿管癌突变型Ｐ５３和增殖细胞核坑原表达进行研究。结果表明：突变型Ｐ５３阳性染占５３．３％，ＴＥ＋５４突变型Ｐ５３阳性表达，ＰＣＮＡ染色分级高于Ｔ１＋Ｔ２；Ｇ３突变型Ｐ５３阳性表达，ＰＣＮＡ染色分级高于Ｇ１＋Ｇ２。     

乳腺癌组织中金属硫蛋白过表达生物学意义的探讨

为了弄清ＭＴｓ在乳腺癌过表达的生物学意义，我们应用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法对１０７例乳腺癌进行了检测。结果：８６例（８０．４％）乳腺癌有ＭＴｓ过表达，阳性物质位于癌细胞核内，或者同时位于细胞浆内。ＭＴｓ在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达与病理分级关系密切，Ⅱ级以上者阳性率明显高于Ⅰ级（Ｐ＜０．０５）；肿瘤最大直径小于２．５ｃｍ者ＭＴｓ表达率明显少于２．５ｃｍ以上者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；核分裂多者ＭＴｓ表达率明显高于核分裂少者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ｐ５３、ｂｃ１－２癌蛋白和ｎｍ２３蛋白表达情况与ＭＴｓ过表达之间未见明显相关性。ＰＣＮＡ与ＭＴｓ过表达有关，ＰＣＮＡ指数在５０％以上者的ＭＴｓ表达率明显高于ＰＣＮＡ指数在５０％以下者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。有ＭＴｓ过表达的患者生存期明显短于无ＭＴｓ过表达者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明ＭＴｓ表达可作为预示乳腺癌进展快和预后差的生物学标志之一。     

增殖细胞核抗原,胎盘型谷胱甘肽S—转移酶在肝细胞癌及癌周组织中的…

目的 探讨增生结节与肝细胞癌发生的关系，方法 应用免疫组织化学方法，分别检测７０例肝细胞癌及癌周组织中增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达，以及７７例肝细胞癌和癌周组织中胎盘型谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴπ）的表达。结果 ＰＣＮＡ和ＧＳＴπ在肝细胞癌中的阳性表达率显著高于癌周组织，且ＰＣＮＡ与肝细胞癌Ｅｄｍｏｎｄｓｏｎ分级密切相关；癌周组织中，增生结节ＰＣＮＡ和ＧＳＴπ阳性表达显著高于肝硬变及正常组织，     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.     

A comparison of general,genitourinary, bowel,and sexual quality of life among long term survivors of prostate,bladder, colorectal,and lung cancer

ObjectivesStudies of local stage prostate cancer survivors suggest that treatments carry risk of persistent impotence, incontinence, and bowel dysfunction. To examine impacts of cancer type and side effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term cancer survivorship, we evaluated 5-year follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and compared results with a matched group of male long-term survivors of other local-stage cancers.Materials and MethodsWe examined genitourinary, bowel and sexual symptoms, and general quality of life. Matched survivors of colorectal, lung, and bladder cancers were recruited via registries in 3 different regions in the United States. Patients were surveyed 3–5 years after diagnosis with the SF-12 and EPIC to evaluate general mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient function and bother.ResultsWe analyzed responses from long-term prostate (n = 77) and bladder, colorectal, and lung cancer (n = 124) patients. In multivariate analysis, long-term local stage prostate cancer survivors had significantly higher SF-12 physical component scores but did not differ from long-term survivors of other cancers in terms of their SF-12 mental summary scores. Prostate survivors had similar mental, urinary, bowel, and sexual HRQoL compared to long-term survivors of other local stage cancers.ConclusionLong-term general and prostate-specific HRQoL was similar between local stage prostate and bladder, colorectal, and lung patients with cancer. Future research focusing on factors other than initial treatment and the cancer type per se may provide more meaningful information regarding factors that predict disparities on HRQoL among longer-term survivors of early stage male cancers.