防返流食管支架的临床应用

目的 将改地的带防返流膜的食管支架应用于临床,以解决放置食管支架后引起的返流性食管炎的缺点。方法 采用硅橡胶薄膜覆盖的Ｇｉａｎｔｕｃｏ－Ｚ型支架,下口装置瓣膜型成锥形膜型防反流装置,使用食管支架畀送器放置支架,结果 放置２种防返流支架４２例,病人胃食管返流现象明显减轻甚至消失,结论 这２种支架近期内能够有效地减少胃食管返流。     

国产防返流食管内支架在食管下端狭窄中的应用

目的:评价国产防返流食管内支架在治疗各种原因引起的食管下端狭窄中的可行性。方法:12例食管下端狭窄病例行国产CAES-Ⅲ防返流不锈钢食管内支架植入术。结果:12例患者吞咽困难均明显改善,1例于支架植入术后1.5个月发生支架上移,其余患者支架位置良好。结论:国产防返流食管内支架性能良好,在治疗各种原因引起的食管下端的狭窄可作为首选支架。     

防反流覆膜支架在晚期食管下段癌及贲门-胃底癌治疗中的临床应用

目的：评价防反流覆膜支架在晚期食管下段癌及贲门-胃底癌治疗中的临床疗效。方法：选择晚期食管下段癌和贲门-胃底癌38例为治疗组,35例为对照组,在胃镜介导下对治疗组放置防反流覆膜支架,对照组放置普通覆膜支架,术后观察支架植入成功率、梗阻改善状况及反流状况。结果：治疗组和对照组支架成功率均为100％,梗阻均有明显改善,但两组支架植入后食管反流状况有一定的差异。结论：胃镜下放置防反流覆膜支架是治疗晚期食管癌和贲门-胃底癌理想的方法之一,不但能解决癌性梗阻,提高患者的生存质量,还能防止支架植入后胃液反流并发症的出现。     

食管内支架置入术后脱落原因分析

目的:针对食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄和瘘的置入术后效果及由治疗可能引起的并发症,从中总结出一些经验及体会。方法:本组56例,均为失去手术时机或有手术禁忌症的恶性肿瘤患者,共置入覆膜镍钛合金支架及覆膜不锈钢Z型支架59枚(其中有防返流支架5枚)。结果:56例患者共置入59枚支架均一次成功,支架置入后食管狭窄改善,瘘道封闭,饮食得到恢复。有效率达100%。但在术后一段时间内有5例患者支架发生移位和/或脱落。结论:食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄应根据患者不同情况制定不同治疗方案以最大程度减少并发症的发生。     

胃食管返流的X线检查和诊断

本文通过临床X线测试,介绍一X线检查逆流的程序。它能对返流的方式、程度、食管对返流物的廓清能力以及对食管造成的损害作出客观估计。根据逆流的X线表现,初步把返流的方式分为顿挫、倾倒、虹吸及混合四型。把食管的廓清方式分为主动,被动,延迟,交替四型。并探讨返流的发生机制,以冀找到合适的防止和治疗返流的方法。     

核素扫描、钡餐透视检查在小儿胃食管返流中的应用

目的 通过核素扫描及钡餐透视检查,观察小儿胃食管返流的影像学特点及诊断的客观指标。方法 对胃食管返流(GER)、食管裂孔疝、先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿及同龄对照组进行影像学检查,并计算胃潴留率、返流指数等项指标。结果 钡餐透视检查:食管裂孔疝患儿一部分胃位于膈上;GER越重,则His角越大、腹腔食管长度越短;术后GER患儿症状消失、食管长度延长。核素扫描检查:食管旁疝胃呈亚铃型、病例组患儿的胃潴留率及返流指数明显增高,术后胃潴留率、返流指数恢复正常。结论 影像学检查可以观察到GER的影像特点及确定诊断的客观指标。     

吸水试验在胃食管返流X线诊断中的应用

目的 探讨在上胃肠道双对造影检查中加用吸水试验，对胃食管返流的Ｘ线诊断价值。材料与方法 ２１９例吸水试验与３２２例非肖水试验者（即仅作通常的双对比造影）。结果 吸水试验组与非吸水试验组中胃食管返流的检出率分别为４１．５５％与１８．６３％，前者较后者高出２．２３例。结论 在日常上胃肠道Ｘ线检查中加用吸水试验，在诊断胃食管返流方面检出率明显增高，且简便、安全、省时、无需添加任何设备，可作为胃食管返流认     

食管支架在治疗食管恶性狭窄中的应用

我院应用低弹性直径≤16mm镍钛记忆合金带膜食管支架（简称细软食管支架）治疗食管恶性狭窄,共放置此类支架117枚,效果满意。现报道如下。     

食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床应用研究

目的：回顾性分析食管支架放置对恶性食管疾病的治疗并由此带来的生存质量的提高、生存期的延长以及食管支架放置过程中、术后出现的并发症及其相关因素。方法：利多卡因行口腔及咽喉部麻醉，置开口器，透视下将超滑导丝与8F大腔导管送入食管内，撤出导丝，经导管行食管造影标记定位病变区。导丝及导管进入胃内，置换不折导丝，部分病人行预扩张选择合适支架，沿导丝送至病变部位，透视监视下缓慢释放。结果：本组326例食管疾病患者共放置369枚食管支架，343枚支架一次放置成功，所有支架释放后即刻位置满意者337枚。放置支架后患者的一般状况很快得到好转。并发症有疼痛、再狭窄、支架移位、胃内容物反流、出血、支架嵌顿填塞、打嗝，其中l例于放置支架后30h因大出血死亡。结论：对于重度吞咽困难而又失去手术机会或拒绝接受手术治疗的食管癌患者。经口腔放置食管支架是一种操作安全可靠、微创、简单易行、见效快、费用相对低廉的治疗方法。     

可回收支架治疗食管腐蚀性损伤（附21例报告）

目的：观察可回收支架治疗食管腐蚀性损伤和应用价值。方法：21例食管腐蚀性损伤患者共放置可回收食管支架29枚。结果：放置支架后患者的饮食均有明显的改善,其中7例支架已取出体外,另外14例支架随访良好。结论：可回收支架不但可以改善食管腐蚀性损伤患者的吞咽困难等症状,还可以在合适的时间将支架取出体外,在良性食管疾病治疗中有良好的应用前景。     

Effectiveness of open versus antireflux stents for palliation of distal esophageal carcinoma and prevention of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of an antireflux stent with that of a standard open stent in preventing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with inoperable distal esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with inoperable distal esophageal tumors underwent placement of either a standard open or an antireflux stent across the cardia. Stents were allocated randomly before assessment of the stricture. All patients were followed up prospectively by the departmental research nurses. Technical and clinical success, reflux symptoms, complications, and reintervention rates were assessed. P values of observed differences were calculated by using the chi(2) and log-rank tests as appropriate. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 100%. Improvement in dysphagia was identical in both groups (three points on a five-point scale). Twenty-four (96%) of 25 patients with standard open stents had symptoms of esophageal reflux; 19 (76%) of 25 required treatment. Three (12%) of 25 patients with antireflux stents reported esophageal reflux; one (4%) of 25 required treatment. This difference was significant (P <.001). There was no significant difference in survival, complications, or reintervention rate. One case of late esophageal perforation occurred in each group. One patient died of aspiration within 24 hours after insertion of a standard open stent; no procedure-related deaths occurred with the antireflux stent. CONCLUSION: This antireflux stent is as safe and effective as the standard open stent in relieving malignant dysphagia and was successful in reducing symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux.     

胆总管末端植入金属支架对肠胆反流的影响

目的 探讨胆总管末端植入金属支架后早期肠胆反流状况和反流性胆管炎的发生机制.方法 16例无胆系感染并排除肠梗阻及肠道、胆道手术病史的恶性低位胆管梗阻患者,通过经皮经肝胆管穿刺及单纯外引流后,于胆总管末端植入金属网状支架.在植入支架前进行血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比和总胆红素、直接胆红素含量的检测.支架植入后2～5 d再次检查上述各项指标,并于拔管前2 h口服含有99锝m-二乙三氨五醋酸(99Tcm-DTPA)的水,2 h后检测胆汁中核素的放射性活度.对研究获得的计量资料,采用配对t检验或秩和检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 支架植入后2～5 d,14例进行了胆汁99Tcm检测,其中12例于拔管前2 h胆汁中检测到99Tcm活度,放射计数占总摄入剂量的1.82%.2例胆汁中未检测到99Tcm.14例进行胆汁核素检测的患者均没有出现高热、寒战、黄疸加重的胆管炎表现,血白细胞计数和中性粒细胞百分比分别为(7.59±2.62)×109/L、0.74,与支架植入前的(7.94±3.84)×109/L和0.68相比,差异均没有统计学意义(分别为t=0.423、Z=1.036,P值均＞0.05);而血总胆红素和直接胆红素值的中位数分别为92.2和74.3 μmol/L,明显低于支架植入前的202.6和154.7 μmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(Z值均为-3.170,P值均＜0.05).结论 胆总管末端植入支架后,早期就有较高的肠胆反流发生率,但没有反流性胆管炎的发生.     

Malignant esophagogastric junction obstruction: palliative treatment with an antireflux valve stent

The authors assessed the efficacy of an antireflux valve stent in the palliation of malignant esophagogastric junction (EGJ) obstruction after in vitro testing of the stent. Seventeen patients with inoperable malignant EGJ obstruction were treated. Antireflux valves, made of three polyurethane leaflets, were attached to the distal part of the stent to prevent reflux. When the flow rate of normal saline was 100 mL/sec in the forward direction, the valve fully opened at a pressure of 10 mm Hg. When the flow rate of normal saline was 0.35 mL/sec in the backward direction, the valve nearly completely closed at a pressure of 10 mm Hg. Stent placement was successful in all patients without complications. The median dysphagia score decreased significantly, from 3.0 (dysphagia to liquids) to 1.0 (dysphagia to normal solid food) (P < .0005). No patients experienced reflux symptoms. There was one case of stent migration. A valve stent that can prevent major reflux is an effective device for the palliation of malignant EGJ obstruction.     

介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘12例

目的探讨介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效.资料与方法透视下,对12例胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘患者经鼻腔及时置入胃减压管和空肠营养管.2例未行胸腔引流者和5例外科胸腔闭式引流管不通畅者经鼻腔、食管和瘘口置入胸内脓腔引流管,负压抽吸脓液.择期置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口.结果经鼻腔胃减压管、空肠营养管和脓腔引流管置入位置合适.12例共置入13枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架,技术操作全部成功,脓腔愈合后将引流管拔出.随访期间10例支架封堵瘘口完全;1例1个月后死于机体极度衰竭;1例7个月后支架滑脱,取出并再次置入1枚新支架.结论及时胃减压管、空肠营养管置入和脓腔有效引流,择期蘑菇状覆膜内支架置入治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘,是一种安全、可靠、有效的综合治疗方法.     

Esophageal dilatation and reflux in neonates supported by ECMO after diaphragmatic hernia repair

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for survivors of surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia was used in 14 neonates. All showed marked esophageal dilatation on postoperative chest radiographs; the dilated esophagus simulated an air- or fluid-filled mass. All patients were later shown to have marked gastroesophageal reflux as well. The finding suggests a problem in swallowing exists before birth, which may explain the recent correlation between diaphragmatic hernia and hydramnios. The observation of a mediastinal mass in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia may represent esophageal ectasia and may be related to significant gastroesophageal reflux.     

支架端改型防治食管支架术后再狭窄的临床应用

目的 观察支架端改型对食管支架术后再狭窄的防治作用及其安全性.方法 10例经病理及影像学确诊的食管癌患者,用支架端增加硅胶膜的改型支架进行治疗.术后每月随访吞咽困难程度Stooler分级评分、胸部X线片、CT和食管钡餐,了解支架的位置及有无梗阻;每2个月行胃镜检查以了解支架有无狭窄,随访有无严重胸痛、出血、肺炎、食管气...     

Gastroesophageal reflux and pharyngeal function

Pharyngeal function and gastroesophageal reflux were compared in 84 dysphagic patients examined clinically and radiologically. Cricopharyngeal muscle incoordination, assessed cineradiographically, was revealed in 5 of 41 patients (12%) without and 17 of 43 patients (40%) with gastroesophageal reflux assessed clinically (p less than 0.05). Thus, there was a positive correlation between dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle and gastroesophageal reflux. There was no correlation with other types of pharyngeal dysfunction. Our results support the assumption of a positive relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and pharyngeal function in terms of cricopharyngeal dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this relation was, however, not revealed.     

被覆金属内支架治疗食管气管瘘的随访研究

目的;探讨被覆内支架治疗食管癌病人食管气管瘘的远期疗效及并发症。方法：１５例在Ｘ线电视导上置入被覆内支架１５个,１０例门诊随访,５例电话或信访。结果：１５例均一次封闭成功,平均生存期６．４５月,其中６例联合放化疗生存期平均为９．２月,９例死于肿瘤转移,３例死于肺部感染,３例死于其它原因,１例支架滑脱入胃内,１例支架上端再狭窄,１例食物堵塞支架上端,３例有明显胃食管返流,余无明显并发症。结论：被覆