上海地区人群中部分稀有血型筛选

目的了解上海地区人群中部分稀有血型的频率和分布情况,用于解决临床上稀有血型的用血问题。方法利用稀有单克隆、多克隆抗血清,对Kell血型系统的K0,Miltenberger血型系统的Mur ,Duffy血型系统的Fya-,高频率抗原中的Lan-、Vel-进行筛选;用2 mol/L尿素进行Kidd血型系统的Jk(a-b-)表型筛选。筛选方法包括试管法间接抗人球蛋白试验(IAT),U型96孔微量板IAT和U型96孔微量板盐水直接离心法试验。结果从24 093名献血者中发现1例K0表型;在2 970名献血者中检出15例Mur ;从200名献血中,检出1例Fya-;从6 153名献血者中发现2例Vel-;在300名献血者中发现了1例Lan-;在102 760名献血者中,成功检出4例Jk(a-b-)。结论Mur 、Lan-、Jk(a-b-)表型频率明显高于白种人;Fya-表型频率低于白种人。     

广西侗族人群稀有血型筛选

目的了解广西侗族人群稀有血型的的种类与频率。方法采用96孔微量板法筛选成人i、Ge-、Lub、GPA和抗-Wrb血型;试管法筛选Mur+、孟买/类孟买血型;间接抗球蛋白试验筛选Rh稀有血型;120孔微量板法(Olympus微孔板)直接离心试验和间接抗球蛋白试验筛选单克隆抗体检测的稀有血型抗原;96孔微板2 mol/L尿素攻膜试验筛选Jk(a-b-)表型。结果在1 927名侗族人群中分别筛选出Lub-7例、Jk(a-b-)1例;在844例侗族人中筛选出Mur+130例。结论广西侗族人群Mur+频率为15.4%、Jk(a-b-)表型频率为0.052%,和Lub-频率为0.36%,均高于白种人及广东番禺地区;其中Mur+和Jk(a-b-)稀有表型频率高于我国上海地区,Mur+明显低于我国云南怒族人群;Jk(a-b-)高于日本及中国台湾,低于太平洋群岛波利尼亚人。     

广州番禺地区献血人群稀有血型的筛选

目的了解广州番禺地区献血者Jk(a-b-)、Mur+、H-、Lub-、Tja-、M-N-、Ena-、Ge-、Rhnull、K0、Wrb-和i稀有血型的分布。方法采用2mol/L尿素溶血试验对50 034名受检献血者的红细胞作JK(a-b-)筛选;采用96孔和120孔微量板法直接离心试验和间接抗球蛋白试验,对Mur+、H-、Lub-、Tja-、M-N-、Ena-、Ge-、Rhnull、K0、Wrb-和i进行筛选。结果在50 034人中筛选出Jk(a-b-)10例,293人中筛选出Mur+21例,15 342人中筛选出类孟买血型3例,4 204人中筛选出Lub-2例。结论广州番禺地区献血者Jk(a-b-)稀有血型频率约为0.02%,Mur抗原阳性率约为7.17%,Lub-频率约为0.048%,类孟买血型频率约为0.019%。     

应用血清学和分子生物学方法筛选浙江汉族人群中部分稀有血型

本研究探讨浙江汉族人群部分红细胞血型系统稀有表型的分布情况。利用血清学技术或分子生物学方法分别筛选H系统H-、MNS系统GPA-和s-、Rh系统Rhnull、Rhmod、D--、CCDEE和CCdEE、Gerbich系统GPC-、I系统i+、Lutheran系统Lub-、Kell系统k-和Jsb-、Duffy系统Fya-、Ok系统Oka-、Diego系统Dib-。利用尿素溶血试验筛选Kidd系统Jk(a-b-)表型。结果表明:1 618例献血者中检出1例Di(a+b-),1 007例献血者检出3例Fy(a-b+),633例Rh阴性献血者检出1例CCdEE。大规模筛选中未发现Jk(a-b-)、H-、GPA-、s-、GPC-、成人i+、Lub-、k-、Jsb-、Lub-和Oka-稀有血型。结论:在献血人群中发现Di(a+b-)、Fy(a-b+)、CCdEE稀有表型,提供了浙江汉族人群部分红细胞稀有血型的分布数据。     

上海地区部分人群Jk(a-b-)、Di~b-、Wr~b-、K_0、Ena-、Tja-、Ge-稀有血型筛选

目的　了解上海地区人群中部分稀有血型的分布 ,以解决临床稀有血型用血问题。方法　采用 2M尿素对受检红细胞进行Kidd血型系统的Jk(a -b - )表型筛选 ;利用稀有单克隆、多克隆抗血清 ,对Diego血型系统的Dib-、Wrb- ,Kell血型系统的K、K0 ,MNS血型系统的Ena - ,P血型系统的Tja - ,Miltinberger血型系统的Murf,Gerbich血型系统的Ge -进行筛选。筛选方法采用试管法间接抗人球蛋白试验 (IAT) ,U型 96孔微量板IAT和盐水直接离心法试验。结果　在 6 4 5人中筛选到Di(a +b - ) 1例 ,90 0人中筛选到Mur(+) 6例 ,10 0 5 7人中筛选到K(+) 7例 ,4 84 0 0人中筛选到Jk(a -b - ) 2例 ,而在 4 0 0 0人的筛选中未发现Wrb-、K0 、Ge -和Ena -表型。结论　上海地区人群中Dib-、Mur+、Jk(a-b - )的红细胞表型明显高于白种人和黑人。     

新疆人群稀有血型筛选结果分析

目的在新疆人群中筛选稀有血液。方法总共筛选38 361人次。采用血型血清学方法结合Olym-pus120孔梯度微量板法,对乌鲁木齐市O型随机献血者33 877人次和乌鲁木齐市(和田)维吾尔族O型大学生、喀什地区中心血站O型维吾尔族随机献血者4 484人次,筛选Rhnull、-D-、DCCEE、dCCEE、Ko、Jk(a-b-)、ii、Oh、MkMk、Ge(-)、En(a-)、Wrb和Lu(b-)13个表型。结果筛出5例稀有血型。汉族31 238人次,筛出DCCEE表现型1例,频率约1/3万;Jk(a-b-)表现型2例,频率约1/1.5万;类孟买(OHmA)1例,频率约1/3万。维吾尔族4 484人次,筛出DCCEE表型1例,频率约1/0.5万,回族1 739人次、其他民族900人次均未筛出。结论稀有血型筛选很有必要。     

稀有抗体抗-Jk~3的发现及Jk(a-b-)血型家系遗传背景研究

目的研究抗-Jk3的血清学特异性及产生该抗体的Jk(a-b-)稀有血型的遗传途径,了解该血型在广州地区人群的分布。方法患者血清与试剂谱红细胞在盐水介质,低离子介质凝聚胺和coomb's微柱凝胶中反应,分析鉴定其抗体特异性;对kidd血型进行家系调查,分析Jk(a-b-)稀有血型的遗传背景;采用2mol/L尿素溶血试验初筛,coomb's微柱凝胶试验确认,对广州地区32 000名献血者的红细胞作Jk(a-b-)血型筛查。结果患者血清与试剂红细胞在低离子凝聚胺介质和coomb's微柱凝胶介质中的反应格局显示患者血清中含有抗-Jk3,kidd血型家系遗传研究提示母方带有Jkb/Jknull基因,推测父方至少带有1条Jknull基因;在32 000名献血者中发现8名Jk(a-b-)个体。结论该例同种抗体为IgG抗-Jk3特异性抗体;隐性基因Jknull可以遗传,当该基因为纯合子时表现为Jk(a-b-)表型个体,该血型在广州地区人群分布频率为0.025%,解决稀有血型患者输血问题的有效措施是建立本地区的稀有血型献血者队伍。     

宜昌地区献血者Jk(a-b-)频率与Jka弱表达表型分子遗传机制研究

目的 了解宜昌地区献血人群Kidd血型系统Jk(a-b-)稀有血型频率与分子遗传学背景.方法 用2 mol/L尿素溶血试验对49999名宜昌中心血站献血者进行Jk(a-b-)筛选,利用单克隆抗-Jka,抗-Jkb对Jk(a-b-)先证者及家系进行表型确证,并对Kidd血型系统编码SLC14A1基因进行全外显子测序.结果...     

成都地区献血人群Jk(a-b-)表型筛查

目的了解成都地区献血人群中Jk(a-b-)表型的分布。方法用尿素溶血试验(96孔微量板法)筛选出不溶血个体,然后用血清学方法确定表型,PCR-SSP法确定基因型。结果共筛查标本36 188份,筛查到血清学Jk(a-b-)表型8份,其基因分型均含有Jkb。结论成都地区献血人群中Jk(a-b-)表型频率为0.022%,建立本地区Jk(a-b-)表型献血者库是解决该类血型患者输血问题的有效措施。     

内蒙古呼和浩特地区献血者稀有血型筛选

目的在内蒙古呼和浩特地区无偿献血者人群中筛选稀有血型,并了解稀有血型的种类和频率。方法随机对22309名无偿献血者标本,采用尿素溶血试验筛选Jk(a-b-)表型;对1 766名O型蒙古族无偿献血者标本,用96孔微量板法和改良的抗球蛋白试验筛选Oh、i、Ge、Lub、GPA、Wrb、Rh等稀有血型,用试管法和经典的间接抗球蛋白试验方法进行确认。结果在22 309名无偿献血者中共筛选到Jk(a-b-)血型1例,其分布频率为0.004 4%;在1 766名蒙古族献血人群中共筛出Lu(b-)2例,其分布频率为0.113%。结论 Jk(a-b-)分布频率低于广州(0.02%)和成都(0.022 1%),与上海(0.0041%)、长春(0.005%)接近,高于日本(0.002 2%);Lu(b-)分布频率存在地区和民族差异,与国内报道比较,低于广西侗族(0.363%)和广西壮族(1.259%),高于广东番禹地区汉族(0.048%)、新疆维吾尔族(0/3 335)和浙江丽水畲族(0/3 580)。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.