电视胸腔镜手术诊治255例不明原因胸腔积液

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜手术（video assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）对胸腔积液的诊治价值。方法 回顾分析1995年3月～2005年12月255例不明原因胸腔积液经电视胸腔镜手术的临床资料。均经双腔气管插管静吸复合全麻,健肺单肺通气。对包裹形成者先做包裹分离,然后吸尽胸腔积液,再探查有无胸膜结节及肺部结节或肿块,对可疑病灶多点取材做冰冻切片活检。肺复张不完全者,进行纤维板剥脱术。根据病理结果采取胸腔冲洗、胸膜固定及胸腔内化疗等处理方法。结果 255例均经术中冰冻病理检查确诊,其中57例恶性,153例结核性,45例炎性。全组无术中并发症。手术时间60～140min,平均97min。出血量100～850ml,平均226ml。术后222例肺膨胀完全,33例因肿瘤压迫肺膨胀不完全。恶性胸腔积液患者术后随访存活者14例,存活时间12～20个月,平均16.8个月,其余43例在6～12个月内死亡。结核性胸腔积液者142例随访2年,2例在术后1年左右复发,经胸穿治疗好转。炎性胸腔积液41例随访1年无复发。结论 电视胸腔镜在胸腔积液的处理中具有快速、安全、微创、准确诊断等优点,是有效的治疗手段。     

电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)诊治恶性胸腔积液的安全性和效果。方法:自2001年6月至2002年6月对7例胸腔病人实施了VATS诊治。均行胸腔活检、滑石粉喷洒胸腔固定术。结果:6例获得明确的病理诊断,4例为癌胸膜转移,2例为恶性间皮细胞瘤。1例未明确诊断,无术后严重并发症和死亡。随访1～8个月,胸腔积液均得到控制,未见复发。结论:电视胸腔镜手术在诊治恶性胸水方面有明显的优点。     

食管结核的电视胸腔镜诊断与治疗(附8例报告)

目的评价电视胸腔镜在食管结核诊断与治疗中的价值. 方法 1996年6月～2004年4月我院应用电视胸腔镜手术和快速病理检查诊治食管结核8例. 结果 8例均被确诊为继发性食管结核,其中6例术前被误诊为食管肿瘤.淋巴结核切除5例,病灶清除3例.手术时间30～50 min,平均45 min.术中出血量50～100 ml,平均80 ml.术后胸腔积液2例,切口感染1例.7例随访5 ～27个月,平均15个月,吞咽困难缓解,无复发. 结论电视胸腔镜联合快速病理检查对继发性食管结核诊治快速、准确、安全,创伤小, 出血少,疗效满意.     

电视胸腔镜诊治胸腔积液的临床体会

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜手术诊治胸腔积液的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2006年3月至2012年8月为152例胸腔积液患者行电视胸腔镜手术的临床资料。双腔气管插管全麻后置入胸腔镜及活检钳,取胸膜组织送病理检查,并根据病理检查结果决定治疗方案。结果:152例患者中肺癌胸膜转移83例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤18例,胸腺瘤3例,恶性肿瘤胸膜转移16例,来源不明的转移肿瘤4例,结核性胸水25例,3例未明确诊断。恶性胸腔积液患者行滑石粉胸膜固定,根据病理类型术后予以规范化抗肿瘤治疗。结核性胸腔积液患者,术后予以正规抗结核治疗。余者均根据病理回报结果进行相应后续治疗。结论:电视胸腔镜手术诊治胸腔积液微创,确诊率高,疗效确切,为进一步治疗疾病提供了有力证据。     

电视胸腔镜下胸膜纤维板剥脱术治疗脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液

电视胸腔镜下胸膜纤维板剥脱术治疗脓胸及包裹性胸腔积液朱成楚叶加洪叶中瑞郭剑波作者单位：３１７０００浙江省台州医院胸外科我们自１９９５年７月至１９９７年７月，应用胸腔镜作脓胸、包裹性胸腔积液清除术４８例，其中３７例作了胸膜纤维板剥脱术，现报告如下：临床...     

胸腔镜手术在胸部创伤治疗中的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜在胸部创伤手术中的应用价值。方法 2004年8月～2011年6月对225例胸部创伤施行电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)或胸腔镜辅助小切口手术进行血胸清除、止血、肺修补、心包开窗、膈疝修补、胸内异物取出等操作。结果 206例行VATS,19例行胸腔镜辅助小切口手术。手术时间25～125 min,平均58min。术后24 h胸腔引流液30～320 ml,平均179 ml。术后胸腔闭式引流管放置时间1～5 d(2例脓胸胸管放置时间分别为16、21 d,未计算在内),平均2.7 d。术后住院时间5～45 d,平均9.8 d。223例术后随访3个月,无中等量以上(>1000 ml)胸腔积液,无再次胸部手术者,恢复良好。结论胸腔镜诊断和治疗胸部创伤,创伤小,术后恢复好,疗效满意。     

胸腔镜辅助治疗早期结核性包裹性胸腔积液112例

目的：探讨胸腔镜辅助治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的效果。方法2003年10月～2012年9月，对112例早期结核性包裹性胸膜炎并胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜辅助治疗，将包裹分隔用胸腔镜活检钳及电凝钩分离，清除分隔内的干酪坏死组织、纤维板及胸腔积液，胸腔内放置中心静脉导管，术后用尿激酶溶解纤维素。术后给予抗结核药物治疗。结果111例肺完全复张，1例右下肺未完全膨胀。2例术后其他细菌感染，经抗生素治疗痊愈。112例随访9～12个月，平均9．4月，无复发。结论对内科反复穿刺及置管引流不.的早期结核性包裹性胸腔积液，胸腔镜辅助手术治疗安全有效，无明显并发症。     

单孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔神经鞘瘤

目的探讨单孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔神经鞘瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年2月～2019年12月我院行单孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔神经鞘瘤21例患者的临床资料,其中病变位于左侧胸腔8例,右侧胸腔13例。肿瘤最大径平均3.7(2～6)cm。结果所有病例均经单孔电视胸腔镜顺利完成肿瘤切除,无中转开胸病例。其中2例由于瘤体较大,术后扩大伤口取出标本。术后病理均为神经鞘瘤。本组平均手术时间为75(45～110) min,术中平均出血量约50(20～150)ml;术后均未置引流管,平均住院时间5.3(3～7)d。术后出现并发症3例,其中术侧少量气胸2例,少量胸腔积液1例,经保守治疗后痊愈出院。随访3个月～2年,未见明显复发征象。结论单孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔神经鞘瘤具有操作安全,术中出血少,患者痛苦小,恢复快及住院时间短等优势,可作为该疾病的首选治疗方法。     

电视胸腔镜下二孔法手术治疗自发性气胸

目的探讨电视胸腔镜下二孔法手术治疗自发性气胸的可行性。方法 2008年1月～2009年12月,采用电视胸腔镜下二孔法手术治疗自发性气胸98例,其中双侧同期手术3例。取腋中线第6肋间为电视胸腔镜观察孔,于腋前线第4肋间做2cm切口经肋间进入胸腔为操作孔,肺大疱用内镜缝合切割器切除或结扎,纱布摩擦胸膜固定术。结果 98例无中转开胸,2例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)及1例合并陈旧性肺结核病人因胸腔内粘连重,肺大疱多,延长第4肋间切口3～4cm,行胸腔镜辅助手术。95例单侧手术时间30～75min,平均50min;3例双侧手术时间分别为120、150、180min。术后胸腔引流管留置时间2～13d,平均4d。术后住院时间4～14d,平均7d。术后复张性肺水肿、肺不张、包裹性胸腔积液各1例,漏气时间延长2例。98例随访4～24个月,平均12个月,其中75例1年,无气胸复发。结论电视胸腔镜下二孔法手术治疗自发性气胸可行,疗效确切,疼痛轻,简单,对切口美观影响小。     

胸腔镜胸膜固定术的临床应用

目的 探讨胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗气胸和恶性胸积液的效果。方法 对1997年9月至2003年9月间采用胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗气胸和恶性胸积液患者30例进行回顾性分析，其中肺大泡合并自发性气胸21例，恶性胸腔积液9例。结果 本组所有患者无手术死亡。21例肺大泡患者经胸腔镜切除肺大泡并胸膜固定手术，术后平均住院时间7．4天，引流管放置时间2．8天，胸腔引流量180ml，无气胸复发。9例恶性胸腔积液患者术后平均住院时间11．2天，引流管放置时间4．4天，平均胸腔引流量420ml，随访3～16个月未见胸积液复发。结论 使用胸腔镜施行胸膜固定术具有疗效确切、创伤小的优点，可以有效地防止气胸和胸积液复发。     

胸腔镜检查在胸腔积液诊断中的价值

目的　评价胸腔镜检查对疑难胸腔积液的诊断价值。　方法　 4 5例胸腔积液行胸腔镜检查 ,直视下取病变组织行病理检查。　结果　确诊胸膜转移癌 2 5例 ,胸膜间皮瘤 1例 ,胸膜结核 4例 ,结节病 1例 ,非特异性炎症 10例 ,胸腔镜诊断率为 91.1% (41/ 4 5 )。胸膜间皮瘤、转移癌、结核性胸膜炎胸腔镜下形态不同。无严重并发症。　结论　胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液是一种安全、有效、诊断率高的检查手段。     

Effective treatment of malignant pleural effusion by minimal invasive thoracic surgery: thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis and pleuroperitoneal shunts in 101 patients

Background. For effective palliation of patients with malignant pleural effusion due to advanced neoplastic disease, any proposed treatment should have low procedure-related mortality and morbidity.

Methods. The clinical outcome of 119 thoracoscopies in 101 patients (56 women, 45 men), from 42 to 91 years of age (mean, 68 ± 9 years) with malignant pleural effusions was evaluated in a retrospective study. Video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) talc pleurodesis was done in 105 instances, and a pleuroperitoneal shunt was performed 14 times as an alternative when complete expansion of the lung could not be achieved due to tumor implants on the visceral pleura.

Results. The VATS talc pleurodesis resulted in clinically significant improvement of dyspnea in 92.2% of the patients. Thirty-day mortality was 2.8% and morbidity was 2.8%. The mean duration of postoperative survival was 6.7 months. Recurrent pleural effusion occurred in 5.7% of patients after a mean interval of 6 months. Clinical relief of dyspnea was obtained in 73% of the patients treated with pleuroperitoneal shunts. Thirty-day mortality in this group was 21% and morbidity was 14.3%. The mean duration of survival was 4.2 months.

Conclusions. The VATS talc pleurodesis is appropriate for palliation of patients with malignant pleural effusions and should be performed once the diagnosis has been confirmed. Patients with lungs trapped by visceral carcinomatosis may benefit from placement of a pleuroperitoneal shunt as an alternative.     

Usefulness of thoracoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and management of thoracic diseases

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been recently utilised in the diagnosis and management of thoracic diseases. In this article we report our series of patients with established indications for VATS treatment. METHODS: Over the past 6 years we performed 104 VATS procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in 95 men and 39 women. The specific indications for VATS were: lung biopsy for undiagnosed diffuse lung disease, mediastinal biopsy and cysts, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax and bullous lung disease, pericardial effusion and cyst, parvertebral abscess and solitary pulmonary nodules. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Postoperative non-fatal complications were seen in 7 cases. The overall median duration of chest tube drainage was 2.5 days and the mean postoperative stay 3 days. In diffuse lung disease a tissue diagnosis was obtained in all cases. Definitive diagnosis in the patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion was obtained in 90% of cases and the overall diagnostic rate was 98.5%. The success rate of the empyema (stage II) treatment and the therapeutic procedures is 100% after a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 6-30). Conversion to thoracotomy was needed in 6 cases. In all patients the postoperative pain was controlled with intake of non-narcotic analgesics with satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: VATS is worth considering and has been established as procedure of choice, with exceptional results in various chest diseases such as undiagnosed pleural effusions, recurrent, post-traumatic or complicated spontaneous pneumothorax, stage II empyema, accurate staging for lung cancer in the resection of peripheral solitary pulmonary nodule less than 3 cm, and lung biopsy for pulmonary diffuse disease.     

Thoracoscopic surgery in the management of mediastinal masses

Background: In recent times thoracoscopy has been used for diagnoses and treatment of mediastinal masses. This study is a preliminary review of indications, complications, and limitations in this field of surgery. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with mediastinal masses were operated in the Clinical Oncological Centre, Kazan. Twenty-two of them had anterior mediastinal growths; six had posterior mediastinal tumors. Thoracoscopy was diagnostic in 14 cases; it was therapeutic in 14 cases. Results: The definite diagnosis was achieved in all patients. In cases of benign lesions the operations were successfully completed thoracoscopically. All patients underwent a postoperative period with low pain and short postoperative time. Conclusions: Video-assisted thoracoscopy is indicated in cases of mediastinal masses, both for diagnosis and treatment. It has significant advantages compared to normal thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

电视胸腔镜手术在不明原因肺孤立性小结节诊断中的价值

目的探讨胸腔镜手术在不明原因肺孤立性小结节中的诊断价值。方法对42例40岁以上不明原因肺孤立性小结节（直径〈3cm）应用胸腔镜技术行肺小结节病灶切除，术中快速冰冻切片，对恶性病变按恶性肿瘤手术原则进一步手术，良性病变则结束手术。结果诊断恶性病变22例，其中17例原发性肺癌行胸腔镜辅助小切口肺癌根治术，2例双侧肺癌行病灶切除术，3例肺转移癌中2例肺叶切除联合局部淋巴结清扫、1例病灶切除。20例良性病变（2例机化性纤维化结节、6例肺硬化性血管瘤、5例肺炎性假瘤、7例肺错构瘤）仅行病灶切除。37例随访16～79个月，平均48个月，18例良性病变无复发；14例原发肺癌中，13例生存，1例术后38个月死亡。结论胸腔镜手术在诊断不明原因肺孤立性小结节中具有较高的应用价值，掌握良好的手术指征可明显提高恶性肿瘤的诊断率，避免长期观察和等待。     

Thoracoscopic video-assisted talcum pleurodesis (TTP)--effective treatment of malignant pleural effusion

INTRODUCTION: Aim of the palliative therapeutic procedure should be a fast, efficient and pain free treatment of the malignant pleural effusions. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Since 1995 the results of malignant pleural effusions treatment were analyzed retrospectively in 46 patients who underwent 51 video-assisted TTP. The most frequent origin of malignant pleural effusion was breast cancer, followed by bronchial carcinoma. Precondition for video-assisted TTP was the verification of a malignant pleural effusion by cytology. RESULTS: Following TTP one patient suffered from pneumonia, two recurrent diseases occurred. Four patients died due to their severe primary malignancy. Average hospitalization was 8 days (3-55). CONCLUSION: Video-assisted TTP is the standard procedure in palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusion; the recurrence rate is low and the technique minimal invasive.     

Pleural gas gangrene secondary to esophageal injury by an ingested fish bone

We report a 73-year-old woman with right pleural gas gangrene, treated successfully by thoracoscopic debridement. The clinical course and chest computed radiography and thoracoscopy findings suggested that her condition resulted from a relatively rare esophageal injury after she accidentally ingested a fish bone. Video-assisted thoracoscopic intervention has proved useful in cases involving pleural gas gangrene.     

Diagnostische videoassistierte Thorakoskopie

Modern radiologic diagnostics show a variety of pathological changes in the mediastinum, pleura, and lung but no evidence on their histogenesis. Transbronchial and transthoracal fine-needle aspiration biopsy usually cannot yield detailed diagnostic results because of its small size. Sufficient and representative material can be obtained by thoracoscopy. Video-assisted thoracoscopy allows safe and fast diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases, pleural diseases including malignant mesothelioma, indeterminate peripheral lung nodule, and mediastinal masses. This gentle diagnostic method can give invaluable information guiding further management of the thoracic injury. Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a safe and effective guiding tool if performed by experienced thoracic surgeons able to convert to thoracotomy. It is to be noted that interpretation of intraoperative findings plays a decisive role in interdisciplinary diagnostics of intrathoracal diseases.     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of chest diseases

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been used recently in the diagnosis and management of thoracic diseases. In this report, VATS experience with 95 cases, focusing on indications, surgical procedures, complications, and failure rates, are reviewed. Over the past 5 years, 95 VATS procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes were performed in 59 men and 36 women. The specific indications for VATS were lung biopsy for undiagnosed diffuse lung disease (48), mediastinal biopsy (12) and cyst (2), pleural effusion (10), empyema (5), pneumothorax and bullous lung disease (6), pericardial effusion (2) and cyst (2), paravertebral abscess (2), solitary pulmonary nodules (3), and thoracic trauma (3). In all patients, postoperative pain was controlled with non-narcotic analgesics and was measured according to the visual analogue scale (VAS). There was no surgical mortality. Postoperative nonfatal complications were seen in seven cases (7.5%). The overall median duration of chest tube drainage was 2.7 days and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days. For diffuse lung disease, a tissue diagnosis was obtained in all the cases. Definitive diagnosis in the patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion was obtained in 90% of cases, and the overall diagnostic rate was 98.5%. The success rate of the therapeutic procedures was 100% after a mean follow-up of 12 months (range, 6-30 months). Conversion to thoracotomy was needed in six cases (6.6%). All patients scored postoperative pain <50% according to the VAS. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery should be considered as a procedure of choice, with exceptional results in the following chest diseases: (a) undiagnosed pleural effusions; (b) recurrent, post-traumatic, or complicated spontaneous pneumothorax; (c) stage II empyema; (d) accurate staging of lung cancer; (e) emergency traumatic injuries of the chest; (f) peripheral solitary pulmonary nodule <3 cm; and (g) lung biopsy for pulmonary diffuse disease.