沈阳市城市老年人哮喘流行病学调查分析

目的 调查沈阳市城市老年人支气管哮喘（哮喘）的患病情况，分析其哮喘的特点，指导老年人哮喘的防治。方法 在沈阳市城市人口哮喘患病率流行病学调查的基础上，对≥60岁的老年哮喘患者的患病情况进行分析。结果 确诊老年人哮喘164例（男66、女98例），患病率为5.175（男4.31%、女5.97%），女性高于男性（P＜0.05）；工业区老年人哮喘的患病率明显高于文化区（患病率分别为6.49%、4.28%，P＜0.01）；起病年龄在60岁及以上者46人，占28.05%；慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（COPD）合并哮喘52例，占31.71%；调查发现老年人哮喘的治疗不规范。结论 老年人哮喘是不容忽视的疾病，加强管理与防治极为重要。     

辽宁省大中城市及郊区老年人支气管哮喘患病率调查

目的　调查辽宁省大、中城市及其郊区老年人支气管哮喘 (哮喘 )的患病情况 ,为老年人哮喘的防治提供依据。　方法　以分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法 ,抽取全省人口的 2 5‰以上人口共 1162 76人 ,对其中≥ 60岁的 12 73 5名老年人哮喘患病情况进行分析。　结果　确诊老年哮喘患者 52 2例 ,患病率为 4 0 9% ,显著高于我省同期现患病率的 1 2 5% ,其中男 2 0 7例、女 3 15例 ,女性显著高于男性 (P <0 0 1)。农村老年人哮喘患病率显著高于城市 (患病率分别为 5 2 4%和3 0 1% ,P <0 0 1)。城市工业区老年人哮喘患病率高于文化区 (患病率分别为 3 85%和 2 44% ,P<0 0 5) ,起病年龄在 60岁以上者 50例 ,占 9 58%。本次调查确诊为哮喘者 2 13例 ,漏诊率为40 80 %。　结论　哮喘是老年人的常见疾病 ,加强其防治极为重要     

沈阳市部分社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病情况调查分析

目的了解沈阳社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的流行病学特点及相关危险因素,为COPD的社区防治提供依据。方法以整群、不等比、随机抽样方法,对2003年3月至10月沈阳市东陵区3个社区,40岁以上人群入户问卷调查及肺功能检查。结果资料完整且肺功能检查质控合格者1957例,其中男725例,女1232例。年龄平均(59.37±11.61)岁。COPD患病率为8.02%,其中男性患病率(11.59%)高于女性(5.93%)(P0.01)。60～80岁COPD患病率77.70%,明显高于其他年龄组(P0.01)。Ⅱ级患者占48.41%,明显高于其他级别(P0.01)。有咳嗽、咳痰和(或)气短者仅占31.85%。吸烟与COPD患病的OR值为6.39。吸烟率56.05%均显著高于正常人群(9.61%)(P0.01)。40岁以上COPD患病率显著高于哮喘(1.58%)和(或)COPD合并哮喘患病率(1.74%)。97.45%的患者为首次接受肺功能检查,93.63%为首次诊断为COPD。结论沈阳市社区40岁以上人群COPD患病率显著高于哮喘及COPD合并哮喘者。60～80岁为高发年龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者占大多数。COPD的发病主要与吸烟相关。COPD漏诊率高,普及肺功能检查是早期诊断的关键。     

浙江省建德县三都乡地方性甲状腺肿的两次调查报告

为了做好地方性甲状腺肿的防治工作,我们曾于1978年10月和1984年3月两次在建德县三都乡进行了地方性甲状腺肿的初查和复查。初查时全乡人口8170人,共检查5838人,初查率71.47％,甲状腺肿大者1282人,肿大率21.96％,患者849例,患病率14.54％,其中男性患者244例,患病率8.36％,女性患者605例,患病率20.73％,男女患者之比为1:2.48,女性患者占74.05％;经过防治以后,在1984年随机复查1703人,复查率97.9％,甲状腺肿大者486人,肿大率     

Hypertension Prevalence in Liaoning Province, 1991

利用全国1991年高血压抽样调查辽宁省资料，对辽宁省高血压患病率进行分析。采用整群抽样方法，全省共调查33376人，应答率90．3，全省确诊高血压患病率7．91％；临界加确诊高血压患病率为14．94％，均较1979～1980年患病率水平为高。男性患病率高于女性（表现在较年轻组）；城市人口患病率高于农村人口（表现在35岁以上各年龄组）。     

脂肪肝的超声诊断及与血脂、血糖的相关性分析

目的探讨脂肪肝超声诊断与血脂、血糖的动态变化关系,以便在一些疾病的早期做好预防工作。方法随机选取本院2009年6月—2011年5月的健康体检人员1600例,其中脂肪肝患者400例,男297例,占74.25%,女103例,占25.75%,正常肝1200例,男651例,女549例,对其进行超声检查及血糖、血脂测定。结果男性的脂肪肝患病人数为307例,患病率为32.38%,女性患病人数为1033例,患病率为18.76%,男性的患病率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义,另外脂肪肝患者的血脂、血糖含量明显高于非脂肪肝者。结论高血脂和高血糖及性别与脂肪肝的发病关系密切。     

河南省支气管哮喘患病率调查

目的 调查河南省2000年全省人群哮喘患病率及相关因素，为哮喘防治和疾病控制提供依据。方法 与结核病流行病学调查（简称流调）同步，分层随机整群抽样，选点43个，分布于全省18个地市，抽样人口75134名，受检65033名（97.0%）。结果 本次流调检出哮喘患682例，全省哮喘总患病率为1.05%，儿童为1.71%，成人为0.82%。男、女性分别为1.16%、0.94%，男女比为1.23:1。慢性喘息性支气管炎（简称慢喘支）计入哮喘时全省哮喘患病率达1.73％，增加65％。0－3岁、≥65岁为两个高患病率年龄组，15－24岁为最低患病率年龄组，分别为4.48%、1.43%和0.36%。儿童起病年龄组，15－24岁为最低患病率年龄组，分别为4.48%、1.43%和0.36%。儿童起病年龄约90％在7岁前，成人则1／3起病于儿童期。农村患病率高于城市。寒冷、上呼吸道感染9简称上感）、吸烟和油烟刺激、屋尘为前4位诱因。季节性发病为67.2%，冬春季为65.4%。有过敏性鼻炎、皮炎及药物过敏史为60.6%，有哮喘病家族史为34.3%。结论 本次流调获得了全省哮喘患病率及相关因素，可供哮喘防治和控制哮喘决策参考。经此次哮喘患病率计算，全省哮喘患人数可达约98－160万例，值得高度重视和认真防治。     

北京城乡55岁及以上人群短暂性脑缺血发作的患病率研究

目的 调查北京市城乡≥55岁人群短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）患病率及患病特点.方法 2009年,采用按类分层、分段、随机、整群、等距的抽样方法,抽取北京市宣武区（城区）、大兴区（近郊）、怀柔区（远郊）≥55岁人群作为调查对象,共2466人,其中男1142人,女1324人.分析TIA的患病率,并比较不同地区、年龄、性别患病率的差异. 结果 ①2466人中,TIA患者86例,患病率为3.5％（标化后为3.7％）.②远郊、近郊、城区TIA患病率分别为5.6％、3.7％、2.7％（标化后为6.2％、3.9％、2.7％,P=0.004）.人群TIA患病率为乡村高于城区（4.7％比2.7％）,P=0.009;远郊高于近郊,P=0.067.③女性TIA患病率略高于男性（3.8％比3.6％）,但差异无统计学意义.④随着年龄增长,总体人群TIA患病率逐渐降低,≥55岁最高（5.0％）,≥85岁最低（2.2％）;不同年龄段女性的TIA患病率与总体人群患病率变化趋势基本相同,而男性与总体患病率变化趋势不相符. 结论 北京市城乡≥55岁人群TIA患病率为城区低于乡村,近郊低于远郊.TIA总体患病率随着年龄增长而降低.男女患病率差异不明显.     

辽宁省支气管哮喘流行病学调查

目的 估算1999年辽宁省城市和农村人群哮喘现患病率、评估哮喘患病的危险因素、诊治现状，为哮喘人群防治提供依据。方法 以分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法调查116276人，依据病史、体征、肺功能检查诊断哮喘患者。单因素分析用于评价哮喘的危险因素。结果 全省现患病率为1．25％，男、女比为1：1．64。儿童为0．48％，成人为1．39％。起病高峰期为0－14岁，38．6％哮喘患者在此期起病，农民、养殖业和干部患病率高。农村（1．89％）患病率高于城市（0．81％），沈阳地区（1．66％）高于大连（0．88％）和锦州地区（0．71％）。24．7％的哮喘患者有家族史，20．4％有过敏史，过敏性鼻炎OR值为6．28。26．0％有吸烟史，燃油者OR值为5．94。感冒、接触冷空气、吸入刺激性气体、接触油烟为前4位诱因，24．4％的哮喘患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）。哮喘患者中由本次调查首次确诊者为57．5％，曾应用吸入糖皮质激素者为6．4％，曾口服茶碱者为44．7％。结论 本次调查基本反映了辽宁省哮喘的流行情况，以此估算全省哮喘患者约52．97万例，有关调查资料为其群防群治提供了依据。     

小剂量茶碱对哮喘患者气道炎症的作用

为了进一步明确茶碱在哮喘治疗中的地位和作用机制,我们研究了小剂量茶碱对哮喘患者诱导疾的细胞学及液相成分以及患者症状和肺功能的影响。对象与方法３７例哮喘患者随机分为两组：实验组（Ａ组）１９例,男８例,女１１例,平均年龄３６岁,治疗前基础一秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（ＦＥＶ;占预计值％）平均为６８．１％,支气管扩张试验缓解率平均为２１．８％;对照组（Ｂ组）１８例,男８例,女１０例,平均年龄３５岁,治疗前基础ＦＥＶ１占预计值％平均为６６．２％,支气管扩张试验缓解率平均为２０．６％;两组年龄、性别、…     

Incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, atopy and smoking: a Swedish population-based study of 15813 adults.

SETTING: Our knowledge about asthma incidence in an adult population is limited. The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, atopy and smoking in a random population sample. METHODS: A random sample of 20000 subjects 20 to 50 years of age was investigated using a short respiratory questionnaire. It was answered by 15813 persons. Adult-onset asthma was defined as a positive response to 'physician-diagnosed' asthma from 16 years of age. Subjects were also asked to report the year of asthma diagnosis, and also, when relevant, the year of smoke-start and smoke-stop. Incidence rates of adult-onset asthma and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. RESULTS: The incidence rate of adult-onset asthma among females was 1.3 cases/1000 person-years compared with 1.0/1000 person-years for males (IRR 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.6). The incidence rate was high (3.0/1000 person-years) among females aged 16-20 years. There was a strong association between the incidence rate of adult-onset asthma and hay fever, atopic dermatitis and family history of atopy. Compared with never-smokers, the IRR for female smokers was 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.2), while for male smokers it was unity. Both male and female ex-smokers had moderately increased rate ratios, of 1.5 and 1.1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, reported atopic symptoms and family history of atopy were strongly associated with incidence of adult-onset asthma. Tobacco smoking may be associated with an increased incidence rate of adult-onset asthma, especially among women.     

The incidence of asthma in young adults

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Longitudinal data on adult asthma are sparse. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of asthma and to establish the risk factors for the development of asthma in subjects who were 12 to 41 years old over an 8-year period. DESIGN: From birth cohorts over the period 1953 to 1982 in The Danish Twin Registry, 19,349 subjects with no history of asthma, as determined by a questionnaire-based survey in 1994, answered a follow-up questionnaire in 2002. The subjects were regarded as incident asthma cases when answering "yes" to the question "Do you have, or have you ever had asthma?" in 2002, and "no" to the same question in 1994. RESULTS: A total of 838 cases (4.3%) of new asthma were identified in 2002. The incidence rates of asthma were 4.5 and 6.4 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, among male and female subjects. For all ages, the probability of adult-onset asthma was greater for female subjects (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; p < 0.001), and for both sexes there was a slow decline in probability with increasing age. There was a positive association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and risk of adult-onset asthma applying to both sexes (OR, 1.05 per unit; p < 0.001). Furthermore, positive associations were found between incident asthma and a history of hay fever (OR: male subjects, 4.2; female subjects, 3.7; p < 0.001), eczema (OR: male subjects, 3.5; female subjects, 2.0; p < 0.001), and both (OR: male subjects, 6.9; female subjects, 8.0; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a continuing high incidence of asthma past childhood that is most pronounced among female subjects. Increasing levels of BMI are associated with a greater likelihood of developing asthma for both sexes. A substantial portion of cases of adult asthma is preceded by upper airway allergic symptoms and/or eczema, thus indicating a shared pathogenesis.     

沈阳市健康人群动脉功能测定的研究

目的　比较沈阳市健康人群各年龄组男、女性的动脉功能。方法　采用DO - 2 0 2 0动脉功能测定仪无创伤性检测沈阳市健康人群各年龄组男、女性的大动脉弹性指数 (C1)、小动脉弹性指数 (C2 )。结果　动脉功能测定仪DO - 2 0 2 0在沈阳市健康人群测定的C1明显高于C2 (P <0 0 1) ;无论C1或C2均随年龄增长而减退 (P <0 0 1) ;女性C1略低于男性 (P <0 0 1) ,C2男、女性之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;动脉功能测定仪DO - 2 0 2 0短期内重复检测结果无显著性差异。结论　沈阳市健康人群的大动脉弹性明显高于小动脉弹性 ,大动脉弹性和小动脉弹性均随年龄增长而减退 ,女性大动脉弹性略低于男性 ,小动脉弹性男、女性之间无差别 ,动脉功能测定仪DO - 2 0 2 0有较稳定的重复性     

A prospective study of asthma incidence and its predictors: the RHINE study.

The objective of this longitudinal study was to estimate the incidence rate of asthma, and to compare the incidence between subjects with or without baseline reporting of certain respiratory symptoms. A follow-up of the random population samples in the European Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Estonia was conducted in 1999-2001, in a population aged 30-54 yrs at follow-up (n=14,731). Asthma was defined as reporting either asthma or physician-diagnosed asthma, and a reported year when asthma symptoms were first noticed. Incidence rates, incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The incidence rate of asthma was 2.2 cases per 1,000 person-yrs. The incidence was higher among females (2.9 cases.1,000 person-yrs(-1)) than among males (1.5 cases.1,000 person-yrs(-1)). When subjects with baseline reporting of wheezing were excluded, the incidence rate decreased to 1.7 cases.1,000 person-yrs(-1), with a further decrease to 1.5 cases.1,000 person-yrs(-1) after exclusion of subjects with wheezing, nocturnal dyspnoea, chest tightness and cough. There was a strong association between onset of asthma and wheezing at baseline. In this prospective, population-based study, the incidence rate of asthma in the whole population sample ranged 1.5-2.2.1,000 person-yrs(-1), with a higher incidence range among females. The incidence was dependent on the extent to which subjects with respiratory symptoms were excluded from follow-up. Hence, for comparability between studies, the exclusion criteria in the follow-up population must be stated.     

Incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma in adults—a real incidence or a result of increased awareness? Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies

Only limited data are available about the incidence of asthma based on longitudinal prospective studies. Further, the results from different studies on incidence vary considerably depending on the age composition of the cohorts under study, the used methods and the criteria for disease. Also among adults high incidence rates have been reported during recent years. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent the incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma could be explained by a real incidence of the disease, and to what extend by an increased diagnostic activity or altered diagnostic praxis. Another aim was to study risk factors for asthma based on incident cases. Three cross-sectional surveys have been performed in the same population sample living in the northern-most province of Sweden, Norrbotten. The first survey was performed in 1986, and 5698 subjects, 86% of those invited, responded to a postal questionnaire. Of these, 4754 subjects (83%) participated at the third survey in 1996. After exclusion of all subjects who had reported that they had asthma in 1986, or had been classified as having asthma in 1986, 68 men and 98 women (P=0·02) reported in 1996 that they had been diagnosed as having asthma by a physician. Thus, the cumulative incidence for the 10-year period was 3·2% among men and 4·5% among women. After correction for subjects who already in 1986 had reported symptoms common in asthma, or had been classified as having chronic bronchitis, 97 subjects with incident asthma remained, which corresponded to an annual incidence rate among men of 1·7 and among women of 2·9/1000 persons year⁻¹(P=0·01). Clinical examinations confirmed asthma in a large majority of these 97 subjects. Significant risk factors were family history of asthma, both ex- and current smoking, and female sex. The socio-economic groups manual workers and assistant non-manual employees were associated with incident asthma, although not significantly. The increasing prevalence of asthma among adults during recent 10–20 years may to a considerable extent be explained by an increased diagnostic activity or altered diagnostic praxis. Use of different methods when measuring incidence may in part explain the extremely diverging incidence rates of asthma found in different studies.     

2009-2015年沈阳地区布鲁氏菌病疫情的时空特征分析

目的 分析2009-2015年沈阳地区布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病)的时空分布变化特征,为制定本地区布病防控策略提供循证依据。方法 布病监测方法按《全国人间布病监测方案》和《沈阳市人间布病监测方案》进行。2009-2015年人间布病疫情资料来自于沈阳市疾病预防控制中心传染病监测数据库。应用描述性流行病学方法分析布病疫情特征,进一步结合ArcMAP软件分析布病疫情的时空转换特征,绘制沈阳地区布病的时空分布图。结果 7年间沈阳地区共报告布病患者1 356例,其中2014年沈阳市区出现1例死亡病例;布病年均发病率的波动区间为(0.46~4.59)/10万,趋势性检验χ²=541.44,P<0.001,呈逐年递增趋势,而发病率增幅呈逐年递减趋势;春夏季为发病高峰期;病例以30~59岁男性农民居多。从时空分布图上看,2009年布病发病数和发病率最高的都是新民市,而到2015年发病数最高的是沈阳市区;发病率最高的是紧邻市区的法库县;从地理信息上来看,病例高发区由西部的新民市向东部的沈阳市和法库县推移,疫区范围也由2009年的7个地区,扩大为2015年的13个地区。结论 2009-2015年间沈阳地区布病疫情的时空变化特征为:随着时间的推移,疫区由局部地区扩展为整个地区, 病例高发区由西部的新民市向东部的沈阳市和法库县推移。     

Adult-onset asthma in west Sweden--incidence, sex differences and impact of occupational exposures

The aim was to estimate the incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, smoking and occupational exposures.A random sample of 18,087 subjects aged 16–75 years was investigated using a respiratory questionnaire. Adult-onset asthma was defined as "physician-diagnosed" asthma with onset at or after 16 years of age. The subjects were asked about year of asthma diagnosis and year of starting and stopping smoking. Subjects with onset of asthma before 16 years of age and physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded resulting in a study population of 15,761 subjects. Incidence-rates of adult-onset asthma were calculated and relative risks were assessed using Cox-regression models.During the observation period 1990–2008, 359 new cases of asthma occurred and the cumulative incidence for adult-onset asthma was 2.3%. The crude incidence rate was 1.4/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.3/1000–1.6/1000), with significantly higher incidence rate among women than among men. The incidence rate of asthma during never-smoking years was similar to that during smoking years. The rate of asthma incidence decreased with increasing age. Occupational dust and fume exposure and being female were associated with increased risk of asthma. The attributable fraction for occupational exposure to gas, dust and fumes was 9.4% in the total group, 17.3% among men and 5.1% among women.The incidence rate of asthma was higher among women than among men, and the rate declined with increasing age. A substantial proportion of the new-onset asthma cases could be attributed to occupational exposures.     

应用改良弗明汉卒中风险评估工具预测中国人卒中的风险

目的 评价改良弗明汉卒中风险评估工具（FSP）对中国人卒中风险的预测效能.方法 以2003年5月-2004年5月间,在上海市奉贤区整群抽取的社区人群中年龄≥40岁人群为基线调查对象,选择调查结果完整且有心电图记录的7489人作为队列研究对象.随访研究对象的卒中发病情况（1次/年）,随访终止时间为2010年12月31日.分析改良FSP对中国人卒中发病风险的预测作用. 结果 7489人平均随访（6.6±0.9）年,随访过程中共发生明确诊断的卒中患者120例,男女卒中累积发生率分别为1.9％ （54/2880）和1.4％（66/4609）.男女卒中发生率均随着改良FSP卒中风险积分值的升高而上升.男性积分值为10～12分时,卒中发生率上升至3.2％,并且随着积分值的增高,卒中发生率进一步增高;女性积分值为10 ～ 12分时,卒中发生率上升至4.1％,但随着积分值进一步增高,卒中发生率无明显变化.各积分段的卒中实际发病率低于改良FSP中预测卒中的发病率.以改良FSP预测男性卒中发病的ROC曲线下面积为0.726,女性为0.656. 结论 改良FSP预测中国人卒中风险的预测效能为中度.改良FSP预测卒中发病率高于本研究的实际发病率.