大学生和职业青年的人格特征的比较研究

目的采用卡特尔16PF人格量表，对大学生和职业青年共208人进行测试，研究分析各因素间的显着差异。结果（1）男性和女性在乐群性、敏感性、幻想以及学习成长能力等因素上存在显着差异。（2）大学生与职业青年在紧张性、焦虑性、独立性、世故性以及创造性等因素上存在显着差异。结论大学生和职业青年在16PF人格测验中部分因素和次级因素间存在显着差异，并且在性别上也存在显着差异。     

Ⅰ类大学新生人格与心理健康的相关分析

目的研究Ⅰ类大学新生的人格特征与心理健康状况的关系。方法在1386名大学新生中采用大学生人格问卷（UPI）筛选出219名Ⅰ类大学新生,分别采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和卡特尔16种个性因素测验（16PF）进行心理健康和人格的测试。结果卡特尔16种人格特征中的稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、忧虑性、自律性、紧张性与SCL-90中的各因子均有显著相关（P〈0．05）;进一步回归分析发现以上7个因子解释抑郁、焦虑和人际敏感的变异率分别为34．2％、30．8％和37．2％。结论人格是影响Ⅰ类大学新生心理健康的重要因素,人格的培养和完善有利于促进心理健康。     

人格特质和社会支持对青少年抑郁特质和抑郁状态的影响

目的 探讨人格特质和社会支持对青少年抑郁特质和抑郁状态的独立作用，以及在压力性生活事件对抑郁特质和状态影响中的调节作用。方法 采用方便抽样法，于2022年7—8月选取四川省某所中学的303名中学生为研究对象。采用青少年生活事件量表、中国大五人格问卷简版、青少年社会支持量表、特质抑郁量表、流调用抑郁量表在线调查青少年的压力性生活事件、人格特质、社会支持、抑郁特质、抑郁状态。采用多重线性回归分析人格特质和社会支持对青少年抑郁特质和抑郁状态的影响，并分析人格特质和社会支持在青少年压力性生活事件对抑郁特质和抑郁状态影响中的交互作用。结果 多重线性回归分析结果显示，开放性人格特质与青少年抑郁特质呈负相关（β=-0.17,95%CI:-0.27～-0.08,P<0.05），社会支持与青少年抑郁特质（β=-0.16,95%CI:-0.21～-0.10,P<0.05）和抑郁状态呈负相关（β=-0.13,95%CI:-0.19～-0.07,P<0.05）。交互作用结果显示，开放性人格在生活事件对青少年抑郁特质的影响中表现出调节作用（P<0.05），社会支持在生活事件对青少年抑郁状...     

河南师大新生人格特征测查与分析

本研究通过16PF的测验，初步探明河南师大95级新生在卡特尔16种人格因素上，与全国大学生常模相比，有多项显著性差异，以及被试团体所存在的性别差异和专业之间的差异；在适应焦虑性及心理健康等人格因素方面，也颇具特点。该测查结果及对导致新生人格偏差因素的分析。可作为高师院校教育工作的参考依据。     

铁路分局调度人员人格特征分析

采用修订卡氏十六种人格因素量表(Cattell-16PF)，对铁路分局149名调度人员进行测验与中国成人16种人格因素常模比较，结果有十个人格因素有显差异，这十个人格因素与分局调度这一特群体的职业特征一致，为提高分局调度人员的人格素质，针对不良的几个人格特征和心理状态提出5条建议。     

围绝经期糖尿病患者抑郁情绪与雌激素、血糖、人格特质及知觉压力的关系

目的 探讨围绝经期女性糖尿病患者抑郁情绪与人格特质、知觉压力的关系。方法 选择2020年1月～2022年1月100例围绝经期女性糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估患者抑郁情绪,并设为抑郁组与非抑郁组。评估并比较两组患者一般资料、艾森克人格测验量表（EPQ）以及知觉压力量表（CPSS）,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析调查抑郁情绪影响因素。结果 100例围绝经期女性糖尿病患者抑郁率32.00%,抑郁组、非抑郁组年龄、文化程度、糖尿病病程、血清催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,抑郁组血清雌二醇（E2）水平显著低于非抑郁组,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）显著高于非抑郁组（P<0.05）;抑郁组EPQ量表各项评分与非抑郁组差异显著（P<0.05）;抑郁组CPSS量表各项评分均显著高于非抑郁组（P<0.05）;EPQ量表、CPSS量表、血清E2水平、HbA1c是围绝经期女性糖尿病患者抑郁情绪的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 围绝经期女性糖尿病患者抑郁情绪较为普遍,可能受到雌激素、糖尿病控制情况、精神病性、神经质等人格特质...     

在校大学生人格特征调查分析

目的探讨在校大学生人格特征的差异,为大学生健全人格塑造提供了有利的科学依据。方法采用美国卡特尔教授编制,李绍良教授修订的16种人格因素量表(简称16PF),随机抽样调查,对大学1~4年级在校本科生就其独立性、自律性、忧虑性、幻想性、敏感性、乐群性等16种人格因素进行测试。结果不同年级、不同性别、来自不同地域及是否为独生子女的在校本科生人格存在较大差异(P0.05)。结论了解大学生人格健康与否,可针对问题,有的放矢地进行心理疏导和教育。对大学生的人格优化与全面发展有一定的促进作用,对其世界观、价值观及人生观的正确树立,有一定的引领作用。     

美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(DSM-5)人格特质的稳定性和变化性研究

目的:基于美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(DSM-5)人格替代模型探讨大学生人格特质跨时间的稳定性与变化性.方法:3所高校2258名大学生在基线时接受DSM-5人格特质评估量表(PID-5)测试,间隔一年半时间一半被试再次接受PID-5测试.通过等级稳定性、平均水平变化、可信变化指数及人格剖面图稳定性分别从群体水...     

大学生人格特质对手机成瘾倾向的影响

目的探讨大学生人格特质及其对手机成瘾倾向的影响,为大学生心理健康教育提供参考。方法在吉林某大学内,以班级为单位,采取整群随机抽样方法抽取586名大学生,采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和大学生手机成瘾倾向量表(CSMPATS)进行评定。结果 (1)大学生EPQ中内外向维度(E)评分为(12.63±4.10)分,属于倾向外向型;神经质维度(N)、精神质维度(P)评分分别为(12.96±5.00)分、(6.04±3.12)分,均为中间型;(2)大学生人格N维度(t=-2.42、2.02,P均0.05)、P维度(t=6.10、-3.98,P均0.01)在性别和专业上差异均有统计学意义;(3)大学生手机成瘾倾向率为34.13%,年级分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.68,P0.01);(4)大学生人格N维度(β=0.24,t=5.83,P0.01)、P维度(β=0.19,t=4.53,P0.01)均能正向预测手机成瘾倾向,并能解释后者变异的12%。结论大学生人格特质总体良好,手机成瘾倾向率处于中等以下水平,N、P维度对手机成瘾倾向有影响。     

心理测验在义务兵征兵体检中的应用研究

目的 探讨心理测验在义务兵征兵体检中的应用。方法 将心理测验作为体检的一部分，用MMH、PHI和16PF量表评定参加征兵体检并初检合格的应征青年，以测验结果作为确定是否入伍的一个依据。结果 PHI与16PF可以较好反应心理健康水平和人格特征，有很好的检测效果，与精神检查发现，病史调查结果相一致。结论 在招收义务兵时进行心理到评可以筛选出精神异常者和心理素质较差者，初步确定了测查程序、工具选择、选拔标准，可推广应用。     

Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disorders

The aims of the present study were to examine the frequency of personality disorders in 36 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to investigate whether patients with a coexisting personality disorder could be characterized by certain personality traits assessed by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In total, 27 (75%) of the OCD patients fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for a personality disorder, and 13 patients (36%) had an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Subjects with a comorbid personality disorder had significantly higher scores on most of the KSP scales, including all anxiety scales, as well as scales measuring indirect aggression, irritability, guilt and detachment, whereas subjects without personality disorders did not differ significantly from healthy controls with regard to personality traits.     

Personality traits in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without fatigue experience

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of personality characteristics on feelings of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to compare the results with the impact of bodily impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with definite MS (mean age 38.5 +/- 9.0 years, 62 females) were surveyed using questionnaires assessing fatigue experience and personality traits (German Freiburg Personality Inventory-Revised; FPI-R) and by clinical examination assessing the Expanded Disability Status Scale. RESULTS: Increased levels of "neuroticism", and "excitability" and decreased levels of "extraversion" were found to relate independent of fatigue scores (0.21 < beta < 0.52; 0.05 < P < 0.0001). The impact of these personality traits on fatigue (partial R2 ranging up to 0.32; 0.02 < P < 0.0001) was much higher than the impact of physical impairment (partial R2 ranging up to 0.04; not significant). CONCLUSION: Our results support a psychological model of fatigue in MS. FPI-R-items over-weighted somatic sources of the fatigue syndrome in MS and may specifically relate to fatigue experience in chronical disorders.     

强迫性障碍患者防御方式与人格特征的关系

目的:探索强迫症患者防御方式、人格特征及相互关系。方法:应用防御方式问卷(DSQ)和明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)对住院治疗的77例强迫性障碍患者施测,将防御方式与人格特征进行典型相关分析。结果:本组DSQ不成熟防御机制(4.29±0.96)分,成熟防御机制(4.99±1.10)分,中间型防御机制(4.49±0.67)分;MMPI中癔症、抑郁症、病态人格、神经衰弱4个临床量表标准分(T)均高于中国划界值60分。第一对典型变量相关系数(r1)=0.712,其反映不成熟和中间型防御机制与精神分裂、神经衰弱、轻躁狂、病态人格和疑病的人格特征正相关;第二对典型变量相关系数(r2)=0.490,其反映成熟防御机制与病态人格、抑郁、偏执、癔症的人格特征负相关。结论:强迫性障碍患者使用不成熟和中间型防御方式与精神病性倾向和部分神经症倾向的人格特征相关;不成熟防御方式与精神病倾向人格相关性最强。     

Personality traits and psychiatric and somatic morbidity among kleptomaniacs

Although the behaviour of kleptomania has been identified for decades, very little is known about the reasons, prevalence, course and treatment of this disorder. Current knowledge about kleptomania is generally derived from case reports or from material collected from highly selected groups. There are no published systematic studies of personality traits among kleptomaniacs, and knowledge of somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity is limited. The purpose of the present study was to describe personality characteristics, psychiatric disorders and somatic illness among kleptomaniacs. A total of 37 patients (two-thirds of whom were female) who fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for kleptomania were recruited by advertising in a daily newspaper. Monotony avoidance was a prominent personality trait, as was a low degree of socialization. Depression and anxiety were also very common, as was a history of attempted suicide. Somatic illness was commonly reported, and a high proportion of the kleptomaniacs were regularly receiving pharmacological treatment for either psychiatric or somatic illness. The representativeness of this group of kleptomaniacs is as yet unknown. However, the present study is based on the largest sample of patients fulfilling DSM-III-R/DSM-IV criteria for kleptomania to date who were not primarily recruited through the medical or legislative systems.     

躯体化障碍患者述情障碍分析

目的：探讨躯体化障碍患者的述情障碍及其与个性的相关性。方法：采用多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）测查了42例躯体化障碍患者,并以50名健康者作对照。结果：躯体化障碍患者有述情障碍。多元相关分析发现,躯体化障碍组个性越内倾,描述情感能力越欠缺,情绪越不稳定。结论：躯体化障碍患者存在述情障碍,且与个性特征有密切关系。     

Personality Characteristics of Male Sufferers of Chronic Tension-Type and Cervicogenic Headache

Background and Purpose

Chronic tension-type headache (a primary headache disorder) and cervicogenic headache (a secondary headache disorder that is attributable to upper cervical spine pathology) share similar clinical manifestations, but their associated personality traits may differ. We evaluated the personality differences between sufferers of chronic tension-type headache and cervicogenic headache.

Methods

We administered the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) to 18 patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache, 19 suffering from cervicogenic headache, and 26 healthy volunteers. Depressive trends were measured with the Plutchik-van-Praag Depression Inventory (PVP).

Results

Compared to healthy controls, the chronic tension-type headache group scored significantly higher on ZKPQ Neuroticism-Anxiety and on the PVP, while the cervicogenic headache group scored significantly lower on SSS Thrill and Adventure Seeking. In addition, the total SSS score was significantly lower in the cervicogenic headache group than in both the chronic tension-type headache group and the healthy controls.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that higher scores for neuroticism-anxiety and depression were associated with chronic tension-type headache, while lower sensation-seeking scores were associated with cervicogenic headache.     

Anxiety sensitivities,anxiety and depression levels,and personality traits of patients with chronic subjective tinnitus: a case-control study

Abstract

Objectives: Tinnitus is a condition that commonly affects individuals’ daily activities. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety sensitivity, levels of anxiety and depression, and personality traits of patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Methods: The study included 42 patients, who visited the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, complained of having tinnitus for at least 1?year and did not have any previous peripheral vestibular diseases or psychiatric treatment history. Forty-five healthy individuals volunteered to be in the control group. We administered the Tinnitus-Severity-Index (TSI), Anxiety-Sensitivity-Index-3 (ASI-3), Beck-Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI) and Eysenck-Personality- Questionnaire (EPQ) to the study participants.

Results: The BDI score was significantly higher in the patient group. The ASI-3, EPQ, and BAI scores of the patients did not differ statistically. A positive correlation was found between the EPQ neuroticism subscale scores and the ASI-3, BDI, and BAI scores of the patient cases. There was also a positive correlation between the TSI scores and the BAI, ASI-3, and neuroticism scores of the tinnitus group.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, few studies have evaluated anxiety sensitivity, anxiety and depression levels, and personality traits and no studies evaluating patients and controls together. In cases where tinnitus and psychiatric diseases are comorbid, both conditions should be treated to achieve the best outcomes for the patients’ quality of life.

• KEY POINTS

• Although patients with tinnitus were selected among cases without any psychiatric treatment history, we found that depressive symptoms in this group were high.

• The participants’ anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and neuroticism scores increased as the severity of their tinnitus increased.

• The anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depressive scores increased along with the increase in the neuroticism scores of the patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

     

Personality traits and frontal lobe dementia

The diagnosis of frontal lobe dementia (FLD) involves the assessment of affect. Three affective states predominate in FLD: apathy, elation and emotionalism. Nineteen FLD patients were investigated for a relationship between affective changes and premorbid personality traits. The negative results support the hypothesis that mood changes in FLD have a neurological basis and are important in early diagnosis.