妊娠期用药对胎儿的影响

据统计，92％孕妇在妊娠期至少用过一种药物，早在60年代初即发现药物可引起胚胎畸形，如反应停（Lllalidornide）引起海豹样略形。所以近年来，围产期用药对胎儿的影响成为人们十分关注的问题。药物是用以预防、治疗及诊断疾病的物质，若用药不当，胎儿有致死、致畸、致发育不良等影响。1．对胎儿的影响：孕妇服用的药物几乎都能通过胎盘进入船儿体内，其影响主要与用药时胎龄、药物性质、剂量、疗程长短、胎盘的内在因素及胎儿遇传素质有关。受精后2周内受精卵分裂，胚泡植入并形成二胚层，但船儿胎盘间血流循环尚未建立，药物对胚胎儿无…     

妊娠期用药对胎儿的影响

目的探讨妊娠不同时期药物对胚胎(胎儿)的影响,指导合理用药,从而降低出生缺陷,提高人口素质。方法列举妊娠不同时期胚胎(胎儿)的发育特点,掌握药物对各期胎儿的危害。结果药物在发挥疗效的同时,还有许多副反应,如若妊娠期用药不当,可导致胎儿死亡、畸形、发育不良或功能障碍。结论妇女妊娠期用药要慎之又慎,不可随意用药,如因某些疾病必须用药者一定要在医师或药师的指导下使用,尽量避免因用药不当而造成对胎儿的损害。     

妊娠期妇女用药对胎儿影响

目的 了解药物对胎儿的危害.方法 通过论述说明药物在胎儿的不同发育期产生的不良反应和影响.结果某些药物对胎儿的发育会造成严重危害.结论 妊娠期妇女用药应遵守一定的原则.     

妊娠期用药对孕妇和胎儿的影响

妊娠期是一个特殊而复杂、变化多端又极为协调的生理过程，其身体、心理等都与平时有显著不同，母体与胎儿系同一环境中两个紧密联系的独立个体，其生理反应和对药物的敏感性有很大差异，必须时刻注意妊妇与胎儿的特殊生理状况。因胎儿很多器官还没有功能，主要靠胎盘而不是器官去获得必需的营养和排泄代谢产物，尤其在对患病妇女进行治疗时，当药物在母体血液中出现时，由于胎儿对母体的依赖关系，势必对胎儿的生长发育带来影响。任何药物与治疗方法都应避免危害孕妇与胎儿的健康。     

妊娠期间接种流感疫苗对产妇与胎儿的影响研究

目的评价妊娠期间接种流感疫苗对产妇、胎儿和新生儿的影响。方法对于产妇在怀孕期间接种季节性三价灭活流感疫苗进行回顾性群组研究,将产妇在妊娠初期接种流感疫苗的结果与没有接种疫苗的结果相比较。结果产前接种疫苗的妇女年龄和产次都要显著高于拒绝接种流感疫苗的妇女,妊娠期间接种疫苗的母亲的新生儿在严重畸形等方面都没有增加。结论在妊娠初期接种流感疫苗与严重畸形率的上升没有联系,与总死产率下降有联系。     

孕期用药对胎儿的影响

孕期用药问题。60年代前考虑较少,以往认为胎盘是保护胎儿的“天然屏障”,可使胎儿不受药物影响。自从60年代孕妇为治疗早孕反应服用反应停,引起数以千计的“海豹胎”畸形儿出生后,提示胎盘不是完善的“天然屏障”。孕期用药的问题逐渐得到重视。     

妊娠期糖尿病对胎儿心脏的影响

目的了解妊娠期糖代谢异常对胎儿心脏的影响。方法对201例糖代谢异常孕妇的胎儿进行产前超声心动图检查,筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形,同时随机抽取260例血糖正常的孕妇并对其胎儿进行产前超声心动图检查,并进行对比。结果 201例糖代谢异常孕妇的胎儿检查,诊断出胎儿心脏畸形16例;正常对照组260例,诊断出胎儿心脏畸形9例。结论妊娠期血糖异常可对胎儿心脏造成较大影响。     

药物对胎儿的危害性探讨

众所周知，药物对胎儿的生长具有极其重要的影响，孕妇用药不当则有可能影响胎儿的发育甚至发生畸形。自1962年“反应停事件”发生后，孕妇用药安全性已日益受到医务工作者及患者本人的重视。美国食品药品管理局(FDA)根据动物实验和临床实践经验，将妊娠期用药分为A，B，C，D，X级5个     

孕期用药对胎儿的影响研究

妊娠期是一个比较特殊的时期,因此用药时不仅要考虑到孕妇本身的健康,同时还要考虑到对胎儿产生的影响。孕期如用药不合理,药物会通过胎盘到达胎儿体内,由于胎儿自身的排泄能力有限,可能会导致畸胎、死胎的产生。因此正确指导妊娠期合理用药具有非常重要的意义。     

对妊娠期用药的评价

目的：探讨妊娠期用药分级制度。方法：介绍和分析和国外妊娠期用药分级制度和在妊娠期用药评价方面积累的经验。结果：少量经评价后的药物可广泛用于孕妇，而大多数药物还有待于进一步评价。结论：为促进临床合理用药，我国应建立妊娠期用药分级制度。     

妊娠期补充爱乐维的临床疗效观察

目的观察妊娠期孕妇补充爱乐维的临床疗效。方法将866例妊娠期孕妇随机分为观察组440例和对照组426例,对照组正常合理安排妊娠期饮食及生活习惯,观察组在对照组的基础上口服爱乐维,观察比较两组孕妇孕中期、孕晚期的血清叶酸水平及妊娠期不良反应。结果观察组和对照组在孕中期和孕晚期发生妊娠高血压综合征（简称：妊高征）分别为26例（5.9%）和63例（14.8%）,发生贫血症分别为13例（3.0%）和71例（16.7%）。新生儿神经管缺陷观察组9例（2.0%）,对照组24例（5.6%）;低体重儿观察组35例（8.0%）,对照组85例（20.0%）;心血管畸形观察组21例（4.8%）,对照组44例（10.3%）。结论爱乐维的应用应持续整个围妊娠期,但一定要根据孕妇自身的情况,合理地设计使用爱乐维。     

分服与顿服米非司酮流产的临床效果观察

目的比较相同剂量米非司酮分服与顿服在终止10~14周妊娠的临床效果。方法以2012年1月至2013年1月间在本院住院进行药物流产的患者200例为研究对象,随机分为米非司酮分服组（100例）与米非司酮顿服组（100例）,分服组：口服米非司酮50mg,12h后再服25mg,连服2d,共150mg;顿服组：在第一天直接口服米非司酮150mg。两组都在第3天上午服米索前列醇600μg。服药前后各禁食2h以促进药物吸收。观察两组疗效并随访,通过统计分析比较两组患者在药物流产临床疗效、胚囊排出时间、阴道出血时间、月经复潮时间以及药物不良反应方面的差异。结果分服组与顿服组相比,胚囊排出时间较少且临床疗效较好,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其余各方面指标差异均不具有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组患者不良反应均轻微,可自行缓解无须特殊处理。结论分服米非司酮与顿服米非司酮在流产效果上相比较,优势明显。     

Smoking in pregnancy: the role of the transtheoretical model and the mother's attachment to the fetus

This study investigated whether pregnant smokers demonstrated cognitive and behavioural patterns hypothesised to underpin the different stages of change (SOC) and whether fetal attachment varied according to this process. A cross-sectional design with women categorised by SOC was used and the sample was recruited from hospital maternity services in the U. K at their booking clinics with a mean gestation of 14 weeks. Experiential and behavioural processes together with self-efficacy and attachment to the fetus were measured in 637 women. As predicted by the transthoretical model experiential processes were used mostly by women in contemplation and preparation; behavioural processes mostly by women in preparation and action. However, self-efficacy remained constant between pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation, but women in action showed significantly higher levels. Women in preparation were significantly more attached to the fetus than women in pre-contemplation and never smokers. The relevance of the transtheoretical model with pregnant smokers is supported. Foetal attachment may be differentially associated with different SOC in smoking cessation and yield potential for the development of new interventions.     

妊娠妇女甲状腺功能异常对胎儿的影响

妊娠期间甲状腺功能亢进与减低,对胎儿发育均有影响,且这两种疾病常见,但亚临床甲减对胎儿发育的影响及治疗近年仍存在争议,本研究就妊娠妇女甲状腺功能异常对胎儿影响的研究现状进行综述。     

Developmental toxicity and programming alterations of multiple organs in offspring induced by medication during pregnancy

Medication during pregnancy is widespread, but there are few reports on its fetal safety.Recent studies suggest that medication during pregnancy can affect fetal morphological and functional development through multiple pathways, multiple organs, and multiple targets. Its mechanisms involve direct ways such as oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and metabolic activation, and it may also be indirectly caused by placental dysfunction. Further studies have found that medication during pregna...     

A study of adverse effects on the progeny after intoxication during pregnancy

The pregnancy outcomes of 109 women who were intoxicated during pregnancy due to excessive amounts of drugs and other agents were studied. Seventy per cent of the women attempted suicide, and the intoxication in 78% of all cases was caused by drugs. The stillbirth rate (4%) was higher than that in previous and subsequent pregnancies of these index females. The rate of spontaneous abortions, major congenital abnormalities, minor anomalies, infant mortality, and specific childhood diseases did not increase significantly. Seven major congenital abnormalities occurred in 96 live births; five of these definitely had no causal relation with the intoxication. The mean birthweight of the liveborn infants was not significantly lower than that of their sibs but it was significantly lower than that of sibs born previously and that of the Hungarian population. The percentage of mentally retarded offspring (6.5%) exceeded the national figure (about 3%) and the rate of sibs (2.7%); however, the difference was not significant. Three of 93 children had serious behavioral problems.     

妊娠期支气管哮喘患者用药安全性研究进展

妊娠期用药分为A、B、C、D、X 5类.支气管哮喘（哮喘）治疗药物分为控制药物和缓解药物.吸入性糖皮质激素为妊娠期哮喘控制的一线药物,使用中低剂量安全,该类药物首选布地奈德（B类）.妊娠期哮喘缓解的一线药物是短效β2受体激动剂,首选药物为沙丁胺醇（C类）.全身性糖皮质激素可增高妊娠期高血压及先兆子痫发生率,妊娠早期应用还会增加胎儿唇裂和腭裂发生率.白三烯受体调节剂、色甘酸钠和奈多罗米钠对母婴相对安全,但均不作为首选药物.妊娠期轻度持续哮喘患者可选用低剂量茶碱,但应用时需检测血药浓度,亦不作为首选.单独应用长效β2受体激动剂对胎儿的生长发育无明显影响,但对母体的安全性仍有待于进一步确认.未控制的哮喘可致孕妇缺氧,对其和胎儿均有很大危害,且风险远高于应用哮喘治疗药物.妊娠期哮喘治疗应首先评估利弊,选择适当药物,确保母婴安全.     

妊娠期糖代谢异常对胎儿体质量及新生儿并发症发生率的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期糖耐量异常对胎儿体质量及新生儿并发症发生率的影响.方法 对2502例孕妇进行口服50 g葡萄糖筛查试验（GCT）,对156例异常者再行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）,确诊妊娠期糖尿病（GDM） 86例,妊娠糖耐量受损（GIGT） 70例,与对照组300例比较,分别比较胎儿出生体质量、新生儿并发症的发生率.结果 GIGT及GDM组的胎儿体质量大于胎龄儿及巨大儿出生率明显高于对照组、适于胎龄儿出生率明显低于对照组,差别有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;小于胎龄儿出生率亦高于对照组（P＜0.05）;GIGT及GDM组孕妇所生新生儿在低血糖、高胆红素血症及产伤发病率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;并发早产、窒息的发病率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 在临床中非常有必要对所有孕妇进行系统、正规的糖代谢异常检测及确诊后应规范治疗、监测;对所有糖代谢异常孕妇分娩的新生儿及时监测血糖、关注并发症的的发生,及时给予干预.