旋转铰链膝假体在全膝关节置换翻修术后的临床效果

目的探讨使用旋转铰链膝假体进行全膝关节置换(TKA)术后翻修的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2013年5月,广东省人民医院骨科行人工TKA术后翻修且进行随访的重度膝关节畸形患者,其中采用旋转铰链型膝关节假体为10例(10膝)。收治的10例(10膝)TKA术后因假体松动或膝关节感染而需行全膝关节翻修的患者,采用一期翻修或一期清创加自制含抗生素骨水泥植入,可旋转绞链膝假体二期翻修方法治疗。术后进行随访并采用膝关节协会评分(HSS)及膝关节活动度评估膝关节功能。结果全部病例获得2~57个月随访,平均随访时间29个月。10例膝关节全部治愈,无下肢深静脉血栓及肺部感染等并发症。患者膝关节协会评分由术前37分增加至85分,膝关节活动度由术前65°增加至93°。结论在本研究中使用旋转铰链膝假体进行TKA术后翻修,效果确切,患者膝关节功能恢复满意。     

采用二期翻修置换治疗TKA术后膝关节假体周围感染

目的探讨采用二期假体翻修置换治疗人工全膝关节置换(TKA)术后假体周围感染的疗效。方法对5例(5膝)TKA术后出现假体周围感染患者行二期假体翻修置换术:一期清创后,置入抗生素骨水泥旷置,术后使用6周敏感抗生素,停药后连续2次穿刺培养细菌阴性,C反应蛋白(CRP)和血沉(ESR)逐步下降至正常后行二期假体置换,并用抗生素骨水泥固定。结果术后5例均获平均随访20(3~36)个月,均无感染复发。HSS评分由术前平均38(10~60)分提高至术后6周的78(65~84)分,末次随访时HSS评分平均82(65~88)分,膝关节活动度平均86°(60~100°)。结论二期假体翻修置换可以彻底清除感染灶,并使膝关节获得良好的功能,是治疗TKA术后假体周围感染的有效方法。     

膝关节置换术后感染的治疗策略

目的探讨膝关节置换(TKA)术后感染的治疗策略。方法对2000年7月至2008年6月诊断为TKA术后感染的12例患者的治疗进行回顾性分析。随访1.1~6.9年,平均随访时间2.3年,其中4例早期感染患者予切开清创假体保留术;7例延迟感染患者中3例行保留假体,关节腔穿刺灌洗清创引流术,术后用敏感抗生素液直接注入关节腔,全部复发,后取出假体,使用可活动间隔物临时代替,感染控制后行二次置换;3例保守治疗;1例患者行膝关节融合术;1例后期感染患者行膝关节融合术。结果早期感染患者清创后治愈。7例延期感染患者中3例保守治疗患者反复复发,3例清创失败后行二期翻修成功,1例延期感染患者和1例后期感染患者,经膝关节融合术,感染获得控制。无一期翻修或需要截肢的个案。结论感染发生的时间是指导治疗的重要指征。早期感染有保留假体治疗成功的可能性,延迟感染的治疗原则是必须去除假体。二期假体置换仍是TKA术后感染治疗的金标准,抗生素的应用主要作为抑制感染和辅助治疗,后期感染膝关节融合术可能是较好的选择。     

人工膝关节术后感染的诊断和二期翻修术

目的：对人工膝关节(TKA)术后感染接受二次翻修术的膝关节进行评估。方法：1996年1月～2002年1月实行人工膝关节置换术353膝，其中5个膝关节在术后出现感染，行二期翻修术即一期手术取出原假体，彻底清创，置入抗生素骨水泥间隙垫，术后使用6周以上的敏感抗生素，二期手术作假体翻修术。结果：平均随访2年，无1例翻修的膝关节发生感染或无菌性松动。最近一次随访时平均膝关节功能评分从翻修术前的0分增加到术后的58分(20～100分)，平均膝关节疼痛评分从术前的38分(24～50分)增加到术后的93分(87—100分)。结论：应该尽量采用二期翻修术处理TKA术后感染，以彻底的清除感染灶，使病人获得良好的功能。     

全膝关节置换术后感染的治疗方法和策略

目的回顾性分析24例全膝关节置换（TKA）术后感染不同治疗方法的结果并提出治疗策略。方法自2001至2007年，笔者共治疗了膝关节人工关节术后感染的患者24例24膝。治疗方法包括：清创保留假体8例，一期翻修手术2例，二期翻修手术10例，植入带抗生素骨水泥间隔17例，采用长期抗生素治疗6例，关节融合术2例，截肢术1例。结果保留假体控制感染为3例，行翻修术后未出现感染复发10例，取出假体单纯使用带骨水泥可活动间隔物控制感染未行翻修者5例。最终行膝关节融合术2例，最终行截肢术1例。带窦道生存抗生素抑制治疗3例。结论分类指导感染的治疗，重要的特征是感染发生的时间。早期感染和血源性感染，有保留假体治疗成功的可能性，延迟感染的治疗原则是必须去除假体。抗生素的应用主要作为抑制治疗和辅助治疗，可活动抗生素间隔物和二期翻修术仍是膝关节假体感染治疗的主要方法。     

旋转平台型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎的疗效观察

[目的]观察采用旋转平台型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2007年3月～2009年8月收治的37例(48膝)严重膝关节OA患者,采用旋转平台型膝关节假体(美国强生公司))进行全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA),比较术前术后患者患侧膝关节HSS评分及膝关节活动度,观察术后并发症。[结果]37例患者中32例(42膝)患者获得满意随访,随访时间为10～48个月,平均随访22.6个月,本组病例手术切口均一期愈合,未发生关节脱位。1例术后1个月发生皮下浅表感染,给予分层穿刺,敏感抗生素治疗;1例术后3 d静脉血栓形成,给予低分子肝素抗凝治疗,均治愈。术前患者HSS评分为37～46分(平均43.27分),术后为73～96分(平均87.22分);术后膝关节活动度为112°～128°(平均117.52°),明显高于术前的40°～90°(平均63.25°),差异具有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。[结论]旋转平台型假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效满意,是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法。     

一期关节间置器置入治疗TKA术后感染

[目的]探讨一期关节间置器置入术治疗全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后感染的临床疗效。[方法]2011年7月~2015年12月,TKA术后感染18例患者行手术治疗,其中男7例,女11例,年龄63~82岁,平均(72.72±5.29)岁。均为单侧膝关节置换,其中左膝10例,右膝8例;假体使用寿命1~24个月,平均(14.64±6.11)个月。手术采用彻底清创,一期关节间置器置入。采用美国膝节协会评分(KSS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及膝关节活动度(ROM)和影像观察评估临床效果。[结果]18例患者术后伤口愈合良好,感染未复发。所有患者均随访24~48个月,平均(34.61±8.48)个月,术后1周及末次随访的KSS评分、VAS评分及膝关节ROM均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而术后1周与末次随访比较则无统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访期间X线检查均显示假体位置良好,无假体松动或脱位。[结论]一期关节间置器翻修术治疗TKA术后感染,可以有效地控制感染,患者可早期进行功能锻炼,且不影响日常生活,疗效确切,必要时还可进行二期置换翻修。对于年龄较大的患者是一种不错的选择。     

关节型抗生素骨水泥临时替代假体治疗膝关节置换术后深部感染

目的探讨全膝关节置换术后深部感染用自制的关节型抗生素骨水泥临时替代假体治疗后二期再翻修的处理方法的临床效果。方法2001年1月～2007年4月间,采用二期再翻修的处理方法治疗6例全膝关节置换术后深部感染患者。女性4例,男性2例;年龄47～73岁,平均65岁。一期手术彻底清创,取出假体并置入自制可以活动的关节型抗生素骨水泥临时假体,术后即可早期活动并可以完全负重。术后选用敏感抗生素静脉滴注6周,感染治愈后再置入翻修假体。结果本组6例Ⅱ期再置换患者中,经二期翻修后随访26个月,膝关节活动度恢复至平均95°,（SS平均评分为73.5分,无出现感染复发。在使用抗生素骨水泥临时替代期间,2例患者不需要任何帮助行走,另外4例需要手仗帮助行走。但关节活动度均满意,平均为80°。结论采用关节型抗生素骨水泥临时替代假体可以成功治疗膝关节置换术后深部感染,在间歇期能够保留关节活动度,为二期再置换假体提供方便彻底治疗膝关节置换术后深部感染的好方法。     

固定平台与旋转平台假体全膝关节置换术的早期疗效比较

目的 评价固定平台和旋转平台假体在人工全膝关节表面置换术中应用及早期临床疗效.方法 2005年1月至2009年1月,38 例49膝行初次人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）,男13 例19膝,女25 例30膝;年龄42～78 岁,平均年龄（62.47±9.64） 岁;骨关节炎24 例28膝,类风湿性关节炎11 例18膝,创伤性关节炎3 例3膝;膝内翻畸形29膝,外翻畸形12膝;所有患者均采用膝前正中切口内侧髌旁入路,均未进行髌骨置换,其中采用固定平台假体置换26膝,采用旋转平台假体置换23膝.结果 除1 例骨关节炎患者失访,其余37 例48膝均获得随访,随访时间为36～72个月,平均为47.73个月.所有病例术后无伤口感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成、假体松动、假体周围骨折和腓总神经损伤等并发症.除1 例旋转平台假体在术后1年出现假体脱位,其余均获得满意效果.两组术后HSS评分、膝关节活动度的比较差异均无统计学意义（t=0.619,P＞0.05和t=1.044,P＞0.05）.结论 固定平台假体和旋转平台假体TKA术后的早期临床疗效相近,长期疗效有待进一步观察.     

个性化制作骨水泥间隔器治疗人工全膝关节置换术后感染

目的探讨利用计算机辅助设计及三维打印技术制作个性化骨水泥间隔器治疗人工全膝关节置换（TKA）术后感染的临床疗效。方法自2010-03—2012-03,采用一期置入个性化制作的骨水泥间隔器、二期翻修重建术治疗8例TKA术后感染。结果所有患者均未发现与骨水泥间隔器相关的骨折、脱位及不稳定。2次手术间隔期为12~20周,平均15周。患者在间隔期均能扶拐行走,屈膝无明显受限,活动度90°~120°,平均100°。间隔期膝关节功能KSS评分平均81分。二期翻修术后随访12~24个月,平均15个月,未发现感染复发与新的感染。结论个性化制作的骨水泥间隔器与原假体取出后的腔隙完美匹配,并且能最大程度保留术后关节的活动度,治疗TKA术后感染疗效可靠。     

Size of Medial Knee Osteophytes Correlates With Knee Alignment But Not With Coronal Laxity in Patients With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis

The severity of osteoarthritis (OA) has been related to osteophyte size. However, the effects on osteophyte size of repeated and increased loading associated with joint laxity and varus misalignment remain unclear. We investigated these relationships in patients with medial knee OA and compared the performances of computed tomography (CT) and radiography for assessing osteophyte parameters. We examined knee joint alignment on radiographs and knee laxity using arthrometry in 191 patients with medial knee OA who were undergoing total knee arthroplasty. We also measured femur and tibia osteophyte distance (largest perpendicular distance from the cortical line to outer margin of the osteophyte) using radiography and CT, osteophyte areas (largest area surrounded by the outer margin of an osteophyte) by CT and determined the locations of the osteophytes in the femur and tibia by CT. We then analyzed the correlations between the variables using Spearman's rank correlation tests. Osteophyte sizes in the femur and tibia as determined by radiography (distance) or CT (distance and area) were positively correlated with the degree of varus alignment but not with medial or lateral laxity. There was also a significant correlation between maximum osteophyte distances measured by radiography and CT. The greatest number and the largest osteophytes were located in the posterior third of the femur and middle third of the tibia, respectively. Osteophyte size was correlated with preoperative knee alignment but not with knee laxity in patients with medial knee OA. Osteophyte size can be evaluated using conventional radiography, without the need for CT. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:639–644, 2020     

人工单髁膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎

目的探讨人工单髁膝关节置换术治疗单间室膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果。方法2009年1月至2011年12月共收治15例膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者,术前关节平均屈曲角度127°（95°～135°）,术前美国纽约特种外科医院膝关节功能评分为48．06分（42～58分）。采用人工单髁膝关节置换术进行治疗,术后早期进行膝关节功能锻炼。结果手术时间75～110min,平均（85±9．89）min;出血量50～300mL,平均（149±45．74）mL。有1例术后7个月出现感染。其余14例均获随访,时间3～30个月。按照美国纽约特种外科医院膝关节评分标准进行疗效评估,优10例,良4例,中0例,差1例,优良率93．3％,膝关节功能评分平均82．8分（42～94分）,膝关节活动范围115°（90°～130°）。末次随访时未发现假体位置不良、假体松动,对侧间室和髌股关节无进行性病变和髌股关节疼痛等并发症。结论在严格适应证的选择下,人工单髁置换术治疗单间室膝关节骨关节炎是创伤小、出血少、效果好的治疗方法。     

Preoperative Templating and Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Arthritic Valgus Knee

We reported the functional outcomes, component alignment and optimal thickness of the tibial inserts and joint line changes of 21 arthritic valgus knee deformities using preoperative templating and computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty(TKA). The osseous cut was modified using a novel preoperative templating technique. Soft tissue balance and component implantation were implemented with the aid of a computed tomography-free navigation system. The arthritic valgus knees had clinical, and functional improvement of the knee Society scores and Lysholm scores postoperatively, at an average of 37.8 ± 7.2 months. The mean anatomic axis (15.2° ± 4.5° vs. 6.1° ± 1.4°) and mechanical axis (8.3° ± 5.2° vs. 0.28° ± 1.6°) were also significantly improved postoperatively. The mean thickness of tibial inserts and joint line changes was 10.7 ± 1.46 mm and 0.1 ± 1.4 mm. This computer-assisted technique with preoperative radiographic templating is an alternative strategy to improve TKA results in arthritic valgus knees.     

Prior Knee Arthroscopy Increases the Failure Rate of Subsequent Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundIn selected patients, knee arthroscopy is performed prior to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to treat symptomatic mechanical pathology, delay arthroplasty, and assess the knee compartments. The purpose of this study was to determine if knee arthroscopy prior to UKA is associated with increased rates of UKA failure or conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsData was collected from the Humana insurance database from 2007-2017. Patients who underwent knee arthroscopy within two years prior to UKA were identified and matched with controls based on age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking status, and obesity. Rates of conversion to TKA and failure for various causes were compared between cohorts.ResultsPrior to propensity matching, 8353 UKA patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 1079 patients (12.9%) underwent knee arthroscopy within two years of UKA and were matched to 1079 patients (controls) who did not undergo knee arthroscopy in the two years preceding UKA. No differences in demographics/comorbidities existed among cohorts. Compared to controls, the knee arthroscopy cohort was more likely to experience failure for aseptic loosening (2.4% vs 1.1%; OR 2.166; P = .044) and significantly more likely to require conversion to TKA (10.4% vs 4.9%; OR 2.113; P < .001) within two years of UKA.ConclusionKnee arthroscopy within two years of UKA is associated with an increased rate of UKA conversion to TKA and a higher rate of UKA failure from aseptic loosening. Although clinicians should be mindful of this association when performing knee arthroscopy in patients who may be indicated for future UKA, further research is needed to better characterize these findings.     

Arthroscopic Arthrolysis for Arthrofibrosis of the Knee after Total Knee Replacement

background  

Arthrofibrosis is an uncommon but potentially debilitating complication following total knee replacement which can result in chronic pain and poor recovery of range of motion. The treatment of this condition remains difficult and controversial.     

Prior Knee Arthroscopy Is Associated With Increased Risk of Revision After Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundKnee arthroscopy (KA) is frequently performed to provide improved joint function and pain relief. However, outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after prior KA are not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between prior KA within 2 years of TKA on revision rates after TKA.MethodsData were collected from the Humana insurance database using the PearlDiver Patient Records Database from 2006 to 2017. Subjects were identified using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases procedure codes to identify primary TKA. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based upon a history of prior KA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine association between KA and outcomes at 2-year postoperative period.ResultsIn total, 138,019 patients were included in this study, with 3357 (2.4%) patients receiving a KA before TKA and 134,662 (97.6%) patients who did not. The most common reason for KA was osteoarthritis (40.0%), followed by medial tear of the meniscus (26.0%) and chondromalacia (21%.0). After adjustment, prior KA was associated with increased revision rate (odds ratio [OR], 1.392; P = .003), postoperative stiffness (OR, 1.251; P = .012), periprosthetic joint infection (OR, 1.326; P < .001), and aseptic loosening (OR, 1.401; P = .048).ConclusionPrior KA is significantly associated with increased 2-year TKA revision rate. The most common etiology for arthroscopy was osteoarthritis. The results of the study, showing that arthroscopy before TKA substantially increases the rates of revision, PJI, aseptic loosening, and stiffness, lend further credence to the idea that patients may be better served by nonsurgical management of their degenerative pathology until they become candidates for TKA. Subjecting this population to arthroscopy appears to offer limited benefit at the cost of poorer outcomes when they require arthroplasty in the future.Level of EvidenceLevel III therapeutic study.     

Associations of Self-Report Physical Function With Knee Strength and Knee Range-Of-Motion in Total Knee Arthroplasty Possible Nonlinear and Threshold Effects

This study aims to examine, in patients before and following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA), whether knee extensor strength and knee flexion/extension range-of-motion (ROM) were nonlinearly associated with physical function. Data from 501 patients with TKA were analyzed. Knee extensor strength was assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Knee ROM and Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical function data were collected from each patient preoperatively, and at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Knee strength was measured by handheld dynamometry and knee ROM by goniometry. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to examine possible nonlinear associations. At all assessment points, the associations between knee measures and function were not always linear. Some of the associations revealed distinct threshold points. These findings have potential clinical and research implications.     

Knee Scores of Patients with Non‐Lateral Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis Undergoing Mobile,Fixed‐Bearing Unicompartmental Knee and Total Knee Arthroplasties: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate knee scores and clinical efficacies of patients with non‐lateral unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA) who randomly underwent mobile‐bearing (MB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), fixed‐bearing (FB) UKA, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsFrom September 2015 to February 2017, a prospective, randomized, parallel, single‐center trial of 180 patients (78 males and 102 females; 63.3 ± 6.9 years) with non‐lateral compartmental knee OA was performed in the first author‐affiliated hospital. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (each group included 60 patients) and received medial cemented Oxford phase 3 MB UKA, medial cemented Link FB UKA, or cemented DePuy Sigma PFC TKA, respectively. A similar perioperative management and fast‐track surgery program was carried out for all patients. The knee scores at 3‐year follow‐up after operation and clinical efficacies of these three groups of patients were recorded, investigated, and compared.ResultsPrimarily, compared to the TKA group, the UKA groups (MB UKA and FB UKA) had shorter operative time (median 63.2 < 67.1 min), less bleeding (8.6 < 30.0 mL), earlier resumption of walking without crutches (3.0 < 8.0 days) and walking up and down the stairs (5.0 < 10.0 days) (P < 0.001), higher FJS scores (78.0 > 74.5) (P = 0.007), better results in all knee scores (except VAS and KSS function scores) (P < 0.05), and a larger maximum flexion angle of the knee at the 3‐year follow‐up (123.0° > 96.0°) (P = 0.001). Secondarily, compared to the TKA group, the MB UKA group showed better results in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities index (WOMAC) stiffness (83.6 > 79.6), WOMAC total (86.3 > 83.2), Oxford knee score (OKS) (20.0 < 23.0), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) (78.5 > 74.5), and a larger maximum flexion angle of the knee (123.0 > 96.0) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the FB UKA group showed higher Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) (91.0 > 88.5), WOMAC stiffness (84.3 > 79.6), WOMAC function (85.2 > 81.7), WOMAC total scores (87.6 > 83.2), and a larger maximum flexion angle of the knee (119.0° > 96.0°) than the TKA group (P < 0.05). Overall, there was no significant difference in all knee scores and maximum flexion angles of the knee for the MB UKA and FB UKA groups (P > 0.05). There was one case with original bearing dislocation in MB UKA group. One patient with displacement of the femoral component caused by a fall injury, and another patient, who lost his life in a car accident, were involved in the FB UKA group. There was an infection case and an intermuscular vein thrombosis case in TKA group.ConclusionUKA showed more advantages than TKA; however, there was no significant difference between the MB UKA and FB UKA groups for treatment of non‐lateral compartmental knee OA.