有氧无氧训练对血乳酸的影响及相关因素分析

目的探讨中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血乳酸的影响及其相关因素. 方法上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测血乳酸等生化指标及血常规指标.结果①有氧及无氧两组运动员训练后即刻,血乳酸(LD)、白蛋白(ALB)及金属钠离子(Na+)水平均明显升高(p<0.01);而二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)明显下降(p<0.01).②两组运动员训练后,CO2CP及淋巴细胞绝对计数(LYM)与LD水平密切相关(p<0.01);ALB含量、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)及中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)与LD水平亦呈相关(p<0.05).③有氧组训练后,LD水平与金属钾离子(K+)浓度升高相关(p<0.05);无氧组训练后LD水平与金属钠离子(Na+)浓度升高显著相关(p<0.01),但训练后K+浓度呈下降趋势.结论①有氧及无氧训练方式对血乳酸的影响存在较大差异;②除用血乳酸水平控制训练方式及强度外,还需注意与乳酸改变密切相关的生化及血常规指标的改变;③无氧训练后血钾浓度下降,与运动疲劳有关,应及时补充钾离子及含HCO3-成分的饮料.     

有氧及无氧训练对血浆电解质及微量元素的影响

目的探讨中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血浆电解质及部分微量元素的影响.方法上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测血乳酸等电解质及微量元素铁、铜的水平.结果①两组训练后,血乳酸、Na、Cl及无机磷(P)水平均显著升高(p<0.01);无氧组训练后,血清总钙(Ca)及血清铁(Fe)水平均显著升高(p<0.01).②两组训练后,Cu水平显著下降(p<0.01,下降幅度均达35%以上);无氧组训练后,K水平有下降趋势(p=0.06).③有氧组训练后,乳酸升高与K水平呈显著相关((r=-0.673,p<0.05);无氧组训练后,乳酸升高与Mg水平显著相关(r=0.551,p<0.05),与Na水平呈极显著相关(r=0.731,p<0.01).结论①有氧、无氧训练对电解质及微量元素水平的影响明显不同.②无氧训练较有氧训练更需注意运动后电解质紊乱,尤需注意运动后血钙水平的升高及血钾水平的下降.     

有氧及无氧训练对自由基清除能力的影响

目的探讨中长跑有氧、无氧训练对自由基产生及清除能力的影响.方法对田径队中长跑运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测与自由基产生及清除有关的ROS、SOD、CAT和乳酸等其他生化指标.结果①两组训练后LD、Na水平极显著升高,Cu水平极显著下降(均p<0.01).②有氧组训练后SOD水平极显著下降(p<0.01),Mg水平显著下降(p<0.05).③无氧组训练后CAT水平显著下降(p<0.05);Ca及Fe水平极显著升高(p<0.01).④两组比较,无氧组LD、SOD、Na、Fe水平高于有氧组;K水平低于有氧组.结论①有氧训练对血浆自由基的清除能力明显强于无氧训练组.②运动后血浆铜离子水平的下降影响SOD活性及血浆自由基的清除.     

有氧及无氧训练对血浆电解质及微量元素的影响

目的　探讨中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血浆电解质及部分微量元素的影响 .方法　上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员 ,根据个人运动专长 ,安排相应专项训练 ;12名进行有氧训练 ,14名进行无氧训练 ,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血 ,检测血乳酸等电解质及微量元素铁、铜的水平 .结果　①两组训练后 ,血乳酸、Na、Cl及无机磷(P)水平均显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) ;无氧组训练后 ,血清总钙 (Ca)及血清铁 (Fe)水平均显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) .②两组训练后 ,Cu水平显著下降 (p <0 .0 1,下降幅度均达 35 %以上 ) ;无氧组训练后 ,K水平有下降趋势 (p =0 .0 6 ) .③有氧组训练后 ,乳酸升高与K水平呈显著相关 ((r=- 0 .6 73,p <0 .0 5 ) ;无氧组训练后 ,乳酸升高与Mg水平显著相关 (r=0 .5 5 1,p<0 .0 5 ) ,与Na水平呈极显著相关 (r=0 .731,p <0 .0 1) .结论　①有氧、无氧训练对电解质及微量元素水平的影响明显不同 .②无氧训练较有氧训练更需注意运动后电解质紊乱 ,尤需注意运动后血钙水平的升高及血钾水平的下降 .     

高强度有氧及无氧训练对运动员机体生化指标的综合影响

目的探讨中长跑有氧与无氧高强度训练对运动员机体生化指标的综合影响.方法上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑专业运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练;分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测乳酸(LD),葡萄糖(Glu);乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、肌红蛋白(Mb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肌钙蛋白(cTnI);总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(G)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT);钾离子(K+)、钠离子(Na+)、氯(Cl-)及无机磷(P)、血清总钙(Ca)及血清铁(Fe)、血清镁(Mg)、血清铜(Cu)、二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP);总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB);血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)、血尿酸(UA);淋巴细胞绝对计数(LYM)、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、活性氧(ROS)等44项生化指标.结果①对于血乳酸及糖代谢的影响;②对于心肌细胞的影响;③对于肝脏功能的影响;③对于肾脏功能的影响;④对于血脂代谢的影响;⑤对于电解质代谢的影响;⑥对于自由基清除能力的影响,详细结果均见正文部分.结论①不同运动项目及训练方式对运动员生化指标的影响存在明显差异;②高强度训练后即刻运动员血清(浆)生化指标多发生大幅度改变;③高强度运动训练,最易受影响或损伤的机体细胞是心肌细胞;联合应用LD、LDH、CK、CK-MB活性及Mb等蛋白水平检测,可以更有效地监控运动员心肌细胞损伤;④血浆Cr水平对于运动训练强度十分敏感,可作为监控肾脏损伤的生化标志物;⑤有氧训练对于脂质代谢的积极因素优于无氧训练;⑥无氧训练较有氧训练更需注意运动后电解质紊乱,尤需注意运动后血钙水平的升高及血钾水平的下降;⑦运动后血浆铜离子水平的下降影响SOD活性及血浆自由基的清除;⑧高强度训练后电解质紊乱是造成急性运动疲劳的主要原因之一.     

有氧及无氧训练对肝脏功能的影响

目的探讨中长跑有氧、无氧训练对肝脏功能的影响.方法上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测LD、TB、DB、TP、ALB、G、A/G、ALT、AKP、AST、TBA及GGT等12项生化指标.结果①对胆红素代谢的影响:无氧及有氧训练后血浆TB及DB均极显著升高(升幅均大于13%,p<0.01),尤其无氧组训练后TB升幅达22.6%.②对蛋白质代谢的影响:无氧及有氧训练后血浆TP、ALB及G水平均极显著升高(p<0.01);运动后蛋白水平升幅无氧组均大于有氧组(分别为:14.6%,8.1%;12.4%,7.2%;18.3%,9.5%);运动后A/G呈下降趋势(无氧组p<0.05).③对肝功能相关酶类的影响:无氧及有氧训练后血浆ALT、AKP及AST活性均显著增高(除ALT在有氧组p<0.05,其余均为p<0.01);运动后酶活性升幅无氧组均大于有氧组(分别为:18.2%,8.3%;14.4%,7.7%;21.4%,17.6%);运动后GGT活性亦呈增高趋势(无氧组p<0.05).④有氧及无氧训练对于总胆汁酸的影响,有升、有降,无显著统计学差异.结论有氧或无氧训练均可影响机体免疫力,并使肝脏代谢增强、多种肝功能相关酶活性增高;无氧训练对肝脏功能的影响强度大于有氧训练.     

有氧及无氧训练对肾脏功能的影响

目的探讨中长跑有氧、无氧训练对肾脏功能的影响.方法上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员,根据个人运动专长,安排相应专项训练;12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血,检测LD、Na、K、Cl、Ca、P、Mg、Fe、Cu、BUN、Cr、UA 及Glu等生化指标.结果①两组训练后LD、Na、Cl、P、BUN、Cr、UA水平均极显著升高(均p<0.01,尤其Cr水平运动后升幅均大于80%);Cu水平极显著下降(下降幅度均大于35%,p<0.01).②有氧组训练后Mg水平显著下降(p<0.05),无氧组则微升高.③无氧组训练后K水平呈下降(该组14人中,12人下降,两人微升,p=0.06;有氧组则微升);Ca、Fe及Glu水平极显著升高(p<0.01,有氧组均微升).结论血浆Cr水平对于运动训练强度十分敏感,可作为监控肾脏损伤的生化标志物.     

有氧及无氧训练对自由基清除能力的影响

目的　探讨中长跑有氧、无氧训练对自由基产生及清除能力的影响 .方法　对田径队中长跑运动员 ,根据个人运动专长 ,安排相应专项训练 ;12名进行有氧训练 ,14名进行无氧训练 ,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血 ,检测与自由基产生及清除有关的ROS、SOD、CAT和乳酸等其他生化指标 .结果　①两组训练后LD、Na水平极显著升高 ,Cu水平极显著下降 (均p <0 .0 1) .②有氧组训练后SOD水平极显著下降 (p <0 .0 1) ,Mg水平显著下降 (p <0 .0 5 ) .③无氧组训练后CAT水平显著下降 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;Ca及Fe水平极显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) .④两组比较 ,无氧组LD、SOD、Na、Fe水平高于有氧组 ;K水平低于有氧组 .结论　①有氧训练对血浆自由基的清除能力明显强于无氧训练组 .②运动后血浆铜离子水平的下降影响SOD活性及血浆自由基的清除 .     

高强度有氧及无氧训练对运动员机体生化指标的综合影响

目的 探讨中长跑有氧与无氧高强度训练对运动员机体生化指标的综合影响。方法 上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑专业运动员，根据个人运动专长，安排相应专项训练；12名进行有氧训练，14名进行无氧训练；分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血，检测乳酸（LD）。葡萄糖（Glu）；乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性、肌红蛋白（Mb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、肌钙蛋白（cTnI）；总胆红素（TB）、直接胆红素（DB）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（G）、白蛋白／球蛋白比值（A／G）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）；钾离子（K^＋）、钠离子（Na^＋）、氯（Cl^-）及无机磷（P）、血清总钙（Ca）及血清铁（Fe）、血清镁（Mg）、血清铜（Cu）、二氧化碳结合力（C02CP）；总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度胆固醇（LDL—C）、载脂蛋白Al（ApoAI）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）；血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、血尿酸（UA）；淋巴细胞绝对计数（LYM）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM％）、中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT％）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、活性氧（ROS）等44项生化指标。结果 ①对于血乳酸及糖代谢的影响；②对于心肌细胞的影响：③对于肝脏功能的影响；③对于肾脏功能的影响；④对于血脂代谢的影响；⑤对于电解质代谢的影响；⑥对于自由基清除能力的影响，详细结果均见正文部分。结论 ①不同运动项目及训练方式对运动员生化指标的影响存在明显差异；②高强度训练后即刻运动员血清（浆）生化指标多发生大幅度改变；③高强度运动训练，最易受影响或损伤的机体细胞是心肌细胞；联合应用LD、LDH、CK、CK—MB活性及Mb等蛋白水平检测，可以更有效地监控运动员心肌细胞损伤；④血浆Cr水平对于运动训练强度十分敏感，可作为监控肾脏损伤的生化标志物；⑤有氧训练对于脂质代谢的积极因素优于无氧训练；⑥无氧训练较有氧训练更需注意运动后电解质紊乱。尤需注意运动后血钙水平的升高及血钾水平的下降；⑦运动后血浆铜离子水平的下降影响SOD活性及血浆自由基的清除；⑧高强度训练后电解质紊乱是造成急性运动疲劳的主要原因之一。     

中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血细胞的影响

目的观察有氧与无氧训练对田径运动员血细胞指标的影响.方法上海市中长跑队专业运动员12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前、后进行血细胞检测.结果①两组训练后白细胞(WBC)总数均显著升高(p<0.01).中性粒细胞(NEUT)和淋巴细胞(LYM)绝对值也呈明显上升.②两组运动后红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(Hb)都有不同程度的升高,平均红细胞体积(MCV)轻度增大,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)降低,平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)变化甚微.③血小板(PLT)训练后也呈明显上升(p<0.05).结论不同的运动训练方式对血常规指标有不同的影响.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。