L-精氨酸和氨基胍在大鼠肺移植缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 观察L-精氨酸(L-Arg)和氨基胍对大鼠肺移植后缺血再灌注的保护作用.方法 建立大鼠左单肺移植模型,术后随机分为A组(对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水),B组(腹腔注射L-Arg)、C组(腹腔注射氨基胍)和D组(腹腔注射L-Arg和氨基胍),每组6只.移植肺再灌注2 h后,检测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性并测定移植肺干湿重比(W/D)及静脉血中一氧化氮(NO)含量,观察移植肺的病理学形态.结果 再灌注2 h后,B组移植肺的W/D(5.10±0.21)、MPO(1.74±0.26)U/g和MDA(20.87±2.90)μmol/g均低于A组W/D(5.74 ±0.14)、MPO(2.36±0.32)U/g和MDA(31.33 ±3.46)μmol/g;SOD活性(424.29±27.86)U/mgprot、NO含量(175.12 ±17.40)μmol/L、iNOS活性(3.62 ±0.26)U/mgprot和eNOS活性(5.36±0.28)U/mgprot均较A组SOD活性(268.01±26.06)U/mgpro、NO含量(98.29±6.95)μmol/L、iNOS活性(2.53 ±0.22)U/mgprot和eNOS活性(3.57 ±0.40)U/mgprot高(P＜0.05).C组的NO含量(84.13±5.18)μmol/L、iNOS活性(1.81 ±0.09)U/mgprot均较A组低(P＜0.05).D组的W/D(4.79 ±0.19)、MPO(1.24±0.13)U/g、MDA(14.60±4.14)μmol/g、iNOS活性(1.99±0.17)U/mgprot低于A组,SOD活性(493.75±24.95)、NO含量(149.61±10.70)μmol/L、eNOS活性(5.50±0.27)U/mgprot高于A组(P＜0.05).与B组比较,D组的W/D、MPO、MDA、NO含量、iNOS活性降低,SOD升高(P＜0.05).病理形态学检查显示D组炎细胞浸润及渗出最轻,B组次之,A组和C组最差.结论 移植后再灌注早期应用L-Arg可减轻缺血再灌注损伤,应用氨基胍并不能减轻移植肺的损伤,但联合应用L-Arg和氨基胍优于单纯应用L-Arg.

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Objective To investigate the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and aminoguanidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury following rat lung transplantation. Methods The models of rats lung transplantation were established and 4 groups ( n = 6 each) were randomly set up: group A ( normal control group)and treated groups B, C and D. In these groups, different medicines (NS, group A; L-Arg, group B;aminoguanidine, group C; L-Arg and aminoguanidine, group D) were intraperitoneally administered to the recipient rats before reperfusion. After reperfusion for 2 h, the lung graft was harvested for measurements of lung wet/dry ratio ( W/D ) , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) , inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The contents of plasma nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The pathological changes in the lung grafts were observed.Results After reperfusion for 2 h, W/D (5. 10 ±0.21), MPO (1.74 ±0.26) U/g, MDA (20.87 ±2. 90) μmol/g in group B were significantly lower [W/D (5. 74 ± 0. 14), MPO (2. 36 ± 0. 32) U/g,MDA (31. 33 ±3.46) μmol/g] (P ＜ 0. 05), and the levels of SOD (424. 29 ± 27. 86) U/mg protein,NO (175. 12 ± 17. 40) μmol/L, iNOS (3. 62 ±0. 26) U/mg protein and eNOS (5. 36 ±0. 28) U/mg protein were significantly higher than in group A [SOD (268.01 ±26.06) U/mg protein, NO (98.29 ±6.95) μmol/L, iNOS (2.53 ±0.22) U/mg protein and eNOS (3. 57 ±0.40) U/mg protein] (P＜0. 05). The contents of NO (84. 13 ±5. 18) μmol/L and iNOS (1. 81 ±0. 09) U/mg protein in group C were significantly lower than in group A (P ＜ 0. 05). W/D (4. 79 ± 0. 19) , MPO (1. 24 ± 0. 13 ) U/g,MDA (14. 60 ±4. 14) μmol/g, iNOS (1. 99 ±0. 17) U/mg protein were significantly lower than in group A (P ＜0. 05) , and SOD (493. 75 ±24. 95) , NO (149. 61 ± 10. 70) μmol/L and eNOS (5. 50 ±0. 27)U/mg protein in group D were significantly higher than in group A (P＜0. 05). W/D, MPO, MDA, NO and iNOS in group D were significantly reduced as compared with group B (P ＜ 0. 05 ) , and SOD was significantly increased in group B ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . The pathological examination revealed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in group D was the mildest, followed by groups B, A and C. Conclusion The L-Arg could alleviate the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation, the combined used of L-Arg and aminoguanidine could obtain better effects than L-Arg used alone. The aminoguanidine used alone could not alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation.     

不同时点应用维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 观察不同时点应用维拉帕米(VP)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并探讨其心肌保护的作用机制.方法 建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,将18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组6只.Verapamil-1组于结扎前10 min开始泵入维拉帕米稀释液(0.25 mg/kg),Verapamil-2组于再灌前10 min开始泵入维拉帕米稀释液(0.25 mg/kg),IR组于结扎前10 min开始泵人生理盐水(2ml/kg).再灌注后60min处死大鼠.检测血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)含量、缺血区心肌组织Caspase-3表达水平;组织形态学分析心肌损伤程度.结果　Verapamil-1组血清cTnT含量、心肌组织Caspase-3表达量(4.60±1.12)ng/L,(39.51±5.01)%较IR组(7.70±1.31)ng/L,(51.10±5.30)%和Verapamil-2组(7.23±1.03)ng/L,(49.35±4.95)%明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Verapamil-2组血清cTnT含量、心肌组织Caspase-3表达水平和IR组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Verapamil-1组心肌组织形态学损伤程度较IR组和Verapamil-2明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Verapamil-2组心肌组织形态学损伤程度和IR组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论　结扎前10 min开始给予维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有明显保护作用,再灌注前10 min开始给予维拉帕米对心肌缺血再灌注损伤无保护作用.

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Objective To investigate the effect of verapamil administered at different time points on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and explore the mechanism of myocardial protection.Methods The model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats was established and 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,n =6 each. Verapamil dilution (0. 25 mg/kg) was pumped into verapamil1 group 10 min before ischemia, and verapamil dilution (0. 25 mg/kg) was pumped into verapamil-2 group 10 min before reperfusion. Normal saline (2 ml/kg) was pumped into IR group 10 min before ischemia.Rats were killed 60 min after reperfusion. The levels of serum cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 were evaluated. Histomorphological methods were used to analyze the extent of myocardial injury. Results The levels of serum cTnT and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 in verapamil-1 group (4.60 ± 1.12) ng/L, (39.51 ±5.01)% were significantly lower than those in IR group (7. 70 ± 1.31 ) ng/L, (51.10 ±5. 30)% and verapamil-2 group (7. 23 ± 1.03) ng/L, (49. 35 ±4. 95 ) % ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The levels of serum cTnT and the expression of myocardial Caspase-3 had no significant difference between verapamil-2 group and IR group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The extent of myocardial injury in verapamil-1 group was significantly lower than that in IR group and verapamil-2 group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The extent of myocardial injury had no significant difference between verapamil-2 group and IR group (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Starting from 10 min before ischemia, verapamil has protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Starting from 10 min before reperfusion, verapamil does not provide protection on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.     

线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂对在体大鼠肺缺血后处理的作用及其机制

目的 探讨缺血后处理(IPO)对大鼠在体肺缺血-再灌注损伤(I/R)的保护作用及线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP)在缺血后处理效应中的作用.方法 将Wistar大鼠35只随机分为5组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IPO组)、缺血再灌注损伤+5-羟基葵酸盐组(I/R+5-HD组)、缺血后处理+5-羟基葵酸盐组(IPO+5-HD组).观察各组肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、湿/干比值(W/D)以及病理形态学改变.结果 I/R组与Sham组比较MDA含量增加[(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot比(1.43±0.41)nmol/mgprot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot比(45.51±5.42)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(5.45±0.82比3.05±0.47,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO+5-HD组与IPO组比较MDA含量增加[(3.74±0.71)nmol/mg prot比(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性减低[(22.91±2.71)U/mg prot比(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值增高(4.64±0.79比3.89±0.60,P＜0.01),肺组织形态及超微结构明显受损;IPO组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量减少[(2.60±0.43)nmol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)nmol/mg prot,P＜0.01],SOD活性增高[(28.74±2.03)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＜0.01],W/D比值减低(3.89±0.60比5.45±0.82,P＜0.01),肺组织病理形态学改变轻于I/R组;I/R+5-HD组与I/R组比较,肺组织MDA含量[(5.14±1.30)mol/mg prot比(5.07±1.60)mol/mg prot,P＞0.05)、SOD活性[(11.65±1.82)U/mg prot比(12.38±2.24)U/mg prot,P＞0.05]、W/D比变化(5.54±0.61比5.45±0.82),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肺组织病理形态学改变无明显差异.IPO+5-HD组的各项指标介于IPO组和I/R组之间.结论 缺血后处理能减轻大鼠在体肺缺血再灌注损伤,mitoKATP参与了肺缺血后处理效应.

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Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPO) on lung ischemic reperfusion (L/R) in rats in vivo and the mechanism of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker in the ischemic postconditioning. Methods Thirty five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, I/R group, ischemic postconditioning (IPO) group, I/R +5-hydroxydecanoate (I/R + 5-HD) group, IPO + 5-HD group. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the lung homogenate, wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) was measured and pathological changes were also observed. Results The levels of MDA[(5.07±1.60) vs (1.43 ±0.41) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (5.45 ±0.82 vs 3.05 ±0. 47,P ＜0. 01 ) were increased significantly in I/R group as compared with sham group, while the activity of SOD[( 12. 38 ±2. 24) vs (45.51 ±5.42) U/mg prot,P ＜0. 01]was decreased, and the injury of lung tissues was significantly aggravated in IPO + 5-HD group as compared with IPO group[MDA: (3.74 ±0. 71 ) nmol/mg prot vs (2. 60 ± 0. 43 ) nmol/mg prot , P ＜ 0. 01]; W/D: 4. 64 ± 0. 79 vs 3. 89 ± 0. 60,P＜0.01; SOD:[(22.91 ±2.71) U/mg prot vs (28.74±2.03) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]. The levels of MDA[(2.60±0.43) vs (5.07 ±1.60) nmol/mg prot,P＜0. 01]and W/D (3.89 ±0.60 vs 5.45 ±0. 82,P ＜0. 01 ) were decreased significantly in IPO group as compared with I/R group, the activity of SOD[(28.74±2.03) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mg prot,P＜0. 01]increased and lung tissue histological damage attenuated. The difference in MDA[(5.14 ± 1.30) vs (5.07 ± 1.60) nmol/mg prot, P ＞ 0. 05],W/D (5.54±0.61 vs5.45 ±0.82,P＞0.05) and SOD[(11.65 ±1.82) vs (12.38 ±2.24) U/mgprot,P ＞ 0. 05]levels had no statistical significance between I/R + 5-HD group and I/R group, and the injury of lung tissues had no significant difference too. Each index in IPO + 5-HD group was between IPO and I/R groups. Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can attenuate the lung I/R injury, and mitoKATP plays a vital role in the protective procession of ischemic postconditioning on lung ischemic reperfusion.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响

Objective To study the effects of limb ischemia preconditioning on pulmonary free radicals and cytokine levels during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( group C, n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R, n = 6) , limb ischemia preconditioning group ( group L, n = 6) . At the end of experiments, the wet to dry-weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and myleoperoxidase (MPO) , levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the contents of cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were determined in lung tissues. Protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured to calculate the lung permeability index. Pathologic changes of lung tissues were also observed. Results Compared to the group I/R, the lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO activity, lung permeability index, MDA and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) levels were significantly decreased in group L (P < 0. 05), while the SOD activity ( P < 0.05) and IL-10 contents were significantly increased (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the changes of the above parameters between group L and group C ( P > 0. 05). The morphologic damages were significantly reduced in group L than that in group I/R. Conclusion Limb ischemia preconditioning has protective effect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may at least in part through inhibiting the release of oxygen-derived free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响

Objective To study the effects of limb ischemia preconditioning on pulmonary free radicals and cytokine levels during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( group C, n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R, n = 6) , limb ischemia preconditioning group ( group L, n = 6) . At the end of experiments, the wet to dry-weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and myleoperoxidase (MPO) , levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the contents of cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were determined in lung tissues. Protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured to calculate the lung permeability index. Pathologic changes of lung tissues were also observed. Results Compared to the group I/R, the lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO activity, lung permeability index, MDA and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) levels were significantly decreased in group L (P < 0. 05), while the SOD activity ( P < 0.05) and IL-10 contents were significantly increased (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the changes of the above parameters between group L and group C ( P > 0. 05). The morphologic damages were significantly reduced in group L than that in group I/R. Conclusion Limb ischemia preconditioning has protective effect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may at least in part through inhibiting the release of oxygen-derived free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.     

前列地尔对兔肾缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察前列地尔对兔肾缺血再灌注损伤时肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用.方法 建立兔肾缺血再灌注损伤动物模型,将实验兔随机分为3组:即对照组、缺血再灌注组和前列地尔组,每组10只.检测兔血清肌苷(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)浓度及肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量及肾组织中凋亡细胞.结果 与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组和前列地尔组在再灌注后Cr、BUN水平均大幅度上升(P＜0.05);但前列地尔组动物在再灌注60min后Cr水平(231.32±17.57)μmol/L明显低于缺血再灌注组(390.61±20.42)μmol/L(P＜0.05);肾小管上皮细胞bcl-2、bax、Caspase-3表达与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组明显增强(P＜0.05);前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较表达减弱,但仍强于对照组(P＜0.05).前列地尔组、缺血再灌注组与对照组比较凋亡细胞数增多,前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较凋亡细胞数减少.MDA、SOD与MPO的活性与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组与前列地尔组明显增强(P＜0.05);前列地尔组与缺血再灌注组比较,该两者活性明显减弱(P＜0.05).结论 前列地尔在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤时能有效的保护肾功能其作用机制可能是通过减少细胞脂质过氧化,从而降低bcl-2、bax、Caspase-3等凋亡基因的表达.

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Objective To study the alprostadil effects of alprostadil on apoptosis by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR[) in rabbits. Methods The rabbit IRI models were made, and randourly divided into three groups: control group, IR[group and prostavasin intervention group. The creatinine (Ct) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Malondialdehyde ( MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD),myeloperoxidase ( MPO), bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3 and apoptosis were assayed at 60 min after reperfusion.Results The Cr and BUN levels in plasma in IRI group and Prostavasin intervention group were increased obviously after reperfusion. The Cr levels at 60 min after repeffusion in alprostadil intervention group (231.32 + 17. 57 ) μmol/L were significantly lower than in IRI group ( 390. 61 ± 20. 42 ) μ mol/L, ( P ＜0. 05 ). The levels of bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3 in the renal tissue in IRI group were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), and those in alprostadil intervention group were lower than in IRI group, but markedly higher than in control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The number of apoptotic cells in alprostadil intervention group and IRI group was increased as compared with control group, and that in alprostadil intervention group was reduced as compared with IRI group. The contents of MDA, SOD and MPO in renal tissue of IRI group and Prostavasin intervention group were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), and those in IRI group were significantly lower than in alprostadil intervention group (P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusion Alprostadil could be used to protect renal ischemia-reperfusion injury probably by decreasing oxygen free radicals generation, inhibiting neutrophils aggregating and activating in the renal tissues, thereby inhibiting the expression of bcl-2, bax, Caspase-3.     

乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,体重230～260 g,采用随机数字表,将其随机分为3组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、肢体缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和乌司他丁组(U组).I/R组和U组采用夹闭双侧股动脉2 h再开放的方法 制备后肢缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤模型.分别于再灌注2、4 h时处死8只大鼠,取肺组织,计算肺组织湿/干重比,采用免疫组化法测定NF-κB表达水平,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,I/R组肺组织湿/干重比升高,肺组织NF-κB表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,U组肺组织湿/干重比降低,肺组织NF-κB表达下调(P＜0.05).U组肺组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 乌司他丁可下调肺组织NFκB表达,从而减轻大鼠肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤.

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Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on the expression of NF-κB in lung tissues during limb ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-260 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; ulinastatin group (group U).A rat model of lung injury induced by I/R of hind limbs which was produced by occlusion of the bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by reperfusion was established.The rats were sacrificed at 2 and 4 h of reperfusion(8 rats at each time point) and the lung tissues removed for determination of NF-κB expression (by immuno-histochemistry) and microscopic examination.W/D lung weight ratio was calculated.Results W/D lung weight ratio was significantly increased and NF-κB expression was up-regulated in group I/R compared with group S(P＜ 0.05). W/D lung weight ratio was significantly decreased and NF-κB expression was down-regulated in group U compared with group I/R (P＜0.05). The lung injury induced by I/R was reduced in group U compared with group I/R. Conclusion Ulinastatin can reduce the lung injury induced by limb I/R by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB in rat lung tissues.     

依布西林对大鼠无心跳供体肺的保护作用

目的 观察依布西林在大鼠无心跳供体(NHBD)肺保护中的作用.方法 将60只SD大白鼠随机分为A组:有心跳供体(HBD)组;B组:NHBD组;C组:NHBD+依布硒林(Ebselen)组.B组、C组供体处死后维持辅助呼吸,放置室温中30 min,再灌注低钾右旋糖苷(LPD)液.受体鼠行"原位左肺移植术".C组受体在肺移植前1 h给予Ebselen.结果 C组移植后肺顺应性为0.1740±0.0100,结扎右肺门后15、30 min动脉血氧分压分别为(93.97±5.94)、(92.30±6.57)mm-Hg,肺组织丙二醛(MDA)含量为(0.63±0.23)nmol/mg蛋白,肺组织能量代谢物总量为(821.51±29.70)mol/g,与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 给予受体一定浓度的Ebselen可改善NHBD肺保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of ebselen on the rat lungs from non-heartbeating donors (NHBD). Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A, heart-beating donor; group B, NHBD with 30 min of warm ischemia time (WIT); group C, NHBD with 30 min of WIT and administration of ebselen. The donor lungs in groups B and C maintained ventilation at room temperature for 30 min after asystolia and then were flushed with LPD solution. The recipient rats underwent left lung transplantation. The recipients in group C were administered with ebselen 1 h before transplantation. Results All the recipients survived during the observation period. The pulmonary compliance of group C was 0. 1740 ±0. 0100. The PaO2 at 15 min and 30 min after the ligation of the right pulmonary hila was (93.97 ±5.94), (92. 30 ±6. 57) mmHg, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) of the pulmonary tissue was (0. 63 ±0. 23) nmol/mg pro and the energy metabolism was (821.51 ±29.70)mol/g. The difference between group B and group C was significant (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The administration of ebselen is a safe and effective treatment in the preservation of the rat lungs from NHBD.     

Clara细胞在兔肺缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of Clara cells in lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy 10-12 month old rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 8 each) ; group A sham operation (group S) ; group B lung I/R and group C Clara cell elimination+ lung I/R. The animals were anesthetized with iv pentobarbital 30 mg/kg , tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. In group B and C lung I/R was induced by clamping the left hilum of lung for 60 min followed by 120 min repeffusion. In group C Clara ceils were eliminated by ventilating the lungs with 89.28 mg/m2 naphthalin vapor for 12 h before lung I/R. The animals were killed by iv KCI at the end of 120 min reperfusion after lung isehemia. The left lung was immediately removed for microscopic examination, determination of W/D lung weight ratio and serum TNF-α level and MDA content. The percentage of neutrophi] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected as index of lung injury. The expression of Clara cell secreting protein (CCSP) in the lung was detected by immuno-histoebemistry to indicate the number and distribution of Clara cells in the lung.Results Microscopic examination showed that there were severe leukocyte infiltration in alveolar spaces, alveolar edema and destroyed alveolar structure in group B and C. The serum TNF-u leve],W/D ratio and MDA content in the left lung and neutrophil percentage and WBC counts in BALF were significantly higher in group C than in group B. Conclusion Clara cells can protect the lungs against I/R injury through inhibiting inflammatory responses.     

静脉注射含饱和氢气生理盐水减轻小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤

目的 研究静脉注射含饱和氢气生理盐水对小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 健康、雄性的C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组,每组10只.假手术组(SO组)小鼠仅接受中线开腹、双侧肾蒂游离及关腹操作;缺血再灌注组(IR组)小鼠用无损伤动脉夹同时钳夹双侧肾蒂,阻断45 min,制成肾脏IR损伤模型,并于肾脏缺血同时经尾静脉注射生理盐水,5 ml/kg;实验组小鼠制成肾脏IR损伤模型,并于肾脏缺血同时经尾静脉注射含饱和氢气生理盐水,5 ml/kg.各组小鼠于肾脏再灌注6 h时检测血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Scr);检测肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量;观察肾脏组织形态学变化并检测肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡情况;观察肾组织中巨噬细胞的浸润情况;检测各组小鼠肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-1β和IL-17 mRNA的水平.结果 实验组血清BUN和Scr水平明显低于IR组(P<0.05).实验组肾组织病理改变较IR组明显减轻,其肾小管损伤评分明显低于IR组(P<0.01),肾小管上皮细胞凋亡明显轻于IR组(P<0.05).实验组肾组织内MDA含量低于IR组(P<0.05).实验组小鼠肾组织内中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润较IR组减少(P<0.05).实验组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β和IL-17mRNA的水平均低于IR组(P<0.05).结论 静脉注射含饱和氢气生理盐水能够在一定程度上减轻肾脏IR损伤,其机制可能与抑制肾脏IR后炎症反应有关.     

再灌注期间给予富氢液对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价再灌注期间给予富氢液对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠72只,月龄2.0～2.5个月,体重260～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n＝24):假手术组(S组)、脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和富氢液组(H组).I/R组和H组采用四血管阻塞法(缺血15 min)制备全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.H组于再灌注6h时腹腔注射0.6 mmol/L富氢液5ml/kg,I/R组给予等容量生理盐水.再灌注24h时,每组处死18只大鼠,取海马组织,测定丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量、NF-κB活性、活化的caspase-3表达;再灌注72 h时,处死6只大鼠,取脑组织,HE染色,光镜下观察海马CA1区病理学结果,进行海马CA1区正常锥体细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,I/R组海马组织MDA、TNF-α、IL-6含量和NF-κB活性升高,活化caspase-3表达上调,正常锥体细胞计数减少(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,H组海马组织MDA、TNF-α、IL-6含量和NF-κB活性降低,活化caspase-3表达下调,正常锥体细胞计数增多(P<0.05).H组脑组织海马CA1区病理学损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 再灌注期间给予富氢液可减轻大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应、炎性反应和细胞凋亡有关.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响

目的 研究肢体缺血预处理对兔肺组织缺血再灌注后氧自由基及细胞因子分泌的影响.方法 将18只日本大耳白兔随机分为对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)及肢体缺血预处理组(L组),每组6只.实验结束时,取肺组织测定湿/干重比(W/D)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6、IL-8及IL-10的含量;检测支气管肺泡灌洗液和血清中蛋白含量,计算肺通透性指数;观察肺组织病理学变化.结果 与I/R组比较,L组W/D、肺通透性指数、MPO活性、MDA和TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的含量均降低(P<0.05),SOD活性(P<0.05)和IL-10含量升高(P<0.01).C、L两组间上述指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).光镜榆查结果发现L组肺组织病理学改变较I/R组明显减轻.结论 肢体缺血预处理可以抑制缺血再灌注肺组织中氧自由基产生和促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的释放,上调抗炎细胞因子IL-10的合成,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

富氢盐水对延迟复苏烫伤大鼠血压及肺组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察富氢盐水对延迟复苏烫伤大鼠血压和肺组织抗氧化能力的影响.方法 制备富氢盐水(即氢气溶解度达到饱和的生理盐水,氢浓度为0.6 mmol/L).采用随机数字表法将20只SD大鼠分为富氢盐水组和生理盐水组,每组10只.2组大鼠背部致30%TBSAⅢ度烫伤,伤后7、9、17 h,分别经腹腔给予相当于总补液量体积1/2、1/4、1/4的富氢盐水或者生理盐水,补液总量按照4 mL·kg-1·%TBSA-1(Parkland公式)计算.观察实验过程中大鼠总体情况;伤后6、24 h测收缩压;伤后24 h取大鼠肺组织,检测S0D抑制率和丙二醛含量.对实验结果进行t检验.结果 2组大鼠实验过程中无一只死亡.富氢盐水组和生理盐水组伤后6 h的收缩压分别为(87±4)、(86±5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),2组水平接近(t=0.213,P=0.834);伤后24 h,富氢盐水组收缩压[(124±7)mm Hg]高于生理盐水组[(115±6)mm Hg,t=2.958,P=0.008].富氢盐水组肺组织SOD抑制率为(0.465±0.014)%,高于生理盐水组[(0.358±0.021)%,t=11.767,P=0.000].富氢盐水组的肺组织丙二醛含量[(922±196)pmol/mg]低于生理盐水组[(1118±212)pmol/mg,t=-2.142,P=0.046].结论 用富氢盐水对烫伤大鼠行延迟复苏,更有助于其血压恢复,并通过增强抗氧化酶的作用,减轻再灌注引起的肺组织细胞损伤.     

富氢液联合浅低温对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 观察富氢液联合浅低温对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠50只,周龄9～10周,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、脑缺血再灌注组(IR组)、富氢液组(H组)、浅低温组(M组)、富氢液+浅低温组(HM组).IR组、H组、M组和HM组采用结扎双侧颈总动脉的方法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血15 min,再灌注6 h.H组和HM组于再灌注即刻腹腔注射富氢液5 ml/kg,其余3组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水.同时S组、IR组和M组维持直肠温37～38 ℃;M组和HM组于15 min内将直肠温降至32～34 ℃,并维持6 h.再灌注6 h时处死大鼠,取一侧海马组织,分别行尼氏染色和HE染色,光镜下观察病理学结果;取另一侧海马组织,采用Western blot法测定CA1区HO-1表达、MDA和TNF-α的含量.结果 H组、M组和HM组病理学损伤较IR组减轻,其中HM组减轻最明显.与S组比较,IR组、H组、M组和HM组海马HO-1表达上调,MDA和TNF-α的含量增加(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,H组、M组和HM组海马HO-1表达上调,MDA和TNF-α的含量降低(P＜0.05);与H组和M组比较,HM组海马HO-1表达上调,MDA和TNF-α的含量降低(P＜0.05);H组和M组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 富氢液联合浅低温可减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,可能与上调海马HO-1的表达,降低MDA和TNF-α的含量有关.     

Hypertonic saline reduces skeletal muscle injury and associated remote organ injury following ischemia reperfusion injury

Background and purpose Pharmacological modulation of skeletal muscle reperfusion injury after traumaassociated ischemia may improve limb salvage rates and prevent the associated systemic sequelae. Resuscitation with hypertonic saline restores the circulating volume and has favorable effects on tissue perfusion and blood pressure. We evaluated the effects of treatment with a bolus of hypertonic saline on skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury and the associated end-organ injury.

Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 27) were randomized into 3 groups: (1) a control group, (2) an IR group treated with normal saline, and (3) an IR group treated with hypertonic saline. Bilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by application of a rubber band proximal to the level of the greater trochanters for 2.5 h. The treatment groups received either normal saline (4 mL/kg) or hypertonic saline (4 mL/kg) prior to tourniquet release. Following 12 h of reperfusion, the tibialis anterior muscle was dissected and muscle function was assessed electrophysiologically. The animals were then killed, and skeletal muscle and lung tissue were harvested for evaluation.

Results Hypertonic saline significantly attenuated skeletal muscle reperfusion injury, as shown by reduced myeloperoxidase content, wet-to-dry ratio, and electrical properties of skeletal muscle. There was a corresponding reduction in lung injury, as demonstrated by reduced myeloperoxidase content and reduced wet-to-dry ratio.

Interpretation Treatment with hypertonic saline attenuates skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury and its associated systemic sequelae.     

氢生理盐水对对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 观察氢生理盐水对对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 30只雄性BALB/C 小鼠随机分成3组：对照组、模型组和治疗组,每组10只。治疗组和模型组同时给予对乙酰氨基酚500 mg/kg 腹腔内注射诱发小鼠急性肝损伤,1 h后治疗组每3 h腹腔注射氢生理盐水6 mL/kg,模型组给予相同剂量的生理盐水;对照组各时间点均腹腔注射相同剂量的生理盐水。所有动物在给予对乙酰氨基酚后24 h处死,测定血浆谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平,以及肝组织匀浆丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡指数,观察肝组织病理学改变和肝细胞坏死程度。结果 氢生理盐水能显著降低对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性肝损伤的血浆ALT [（816.3±300.2）U/L vs （3 933.0±1 112.0）U/L,P＜0.01]、AST[（403.8±83.6）U/L vs （2851.0±992.9）U/L,P＜0.01]水平,显著抑制炎症因子TNF-α[（3.54±0.42）pg/mL vs（6.58±0.72）pg/mL,P＜0.01]、IL-6[（350.20±66.67）pg/mL vs （553.10±67.73）pg/mL,P＜0.05]的生成和MDA[（5.89±0.81）nmol/mL vs  （8.26±0.60）nmol/mL,P＜0.05]的含量,并增加GSH[（362.8±37.9）μg/mL vs （230.8±53.1）μg/mL,P＜0.05]储备,明显降低肝细胞凋亡指数[（5.67%±2.28%） vs （1.93%±0.82%）,P＜0.01],显著改善肝组织病理学变化和降低肝细胞坏死的严重程度[（2.9±0.74） vs （1.7±0.82）,P＜0.01]。结论 氢生理盐水对对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。