采用锥形股骨柄生物学固定对高龄患者行全髋置换术后的骨改建及临床疗效

Objective To investigate periprosthetic femoral shaft remodeling with tapered femoral stems after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for elderly patients and evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes.Methods The study involved 30 elderly (70-90 years) patients (34 hips) treated with femoral shaft remodeling with tapered stems after THA from January 2003 to January 2005. The postoperative X-ray images were collected and perioperative periprosthetic bone mineral density was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The Harris score was applied in follow-up observation, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the working life of the femoral prosthesis. Results Four patients were died of lung cancer. The remaining 26 patients ( 30 hips) were followed up for 5-7 years ( mean, six years). The postoperative X-ray measurements showed that total hip prosthesis subsidences were less than 1.5 mm within one year in 12 hips, with no prosthesis loosening observed. Bone proliferations were seen in Gruen zones 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 12, and bone resorptions were seen in zones l and 7. DEXA showed that bone mineral density was increased in Gruen zones 2,3,4 and 5, but decreased mainly in Gruen zones 1,6 and 7. The increase of bone mineral density in zones 2 and 5 was faster compared to other sites six months after the operation ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and the change of bone mineral density was prone to be stable in two years ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Within one year after initial implantation, periprosthetic bone mineral density was significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Two years after the operation, rare changes of periprosthetic bone mineral density were found ( P ＞ 0.05 ), with only regional redistribution of bone mass from the proximal to the distal femur. The Harris score of hip joint function was increased from preoperative 38.56 ± 8.21 to 86.32 ± 6. 01 at the final follow-up. The 6-year survival rate of the prosthesis was 100%. Conclusion Femoral shaft remodeling with tapered stems after total hip arthroplasty for the elderly patients shows good periprosthetic bone remodeling and satisfactory mid-term clinical results.     

后侧入路微创全髋关节置换切口长度的临床研究

目的 探讨对于无选择患者微创全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后侧入路缩短切口长度的合理性,并比较不同切口长度患者的临床效果.方法对2001年3月-2007年12月共256例单侧THA患者进行前瞻性研究.术前均不特意选择切口长度,采用后侧入路及微创手术技术,按照术后切口长度测量值分组:小切口组(＜10 cm)99例,中度切口组(10～14 cm)112例,标准切口组(＞14 cm)45例.收集住院期间患者相关资料包括年龄、性别、诊断、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、手术时间、术中出血量和总出血量、外旋肌保留和关节囊修复情况,分析术后X线平片,记录术中及术后并发症.术前及术后采用视觉模拟疼痛评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)来估测疼痛强度,Harris评分评定患髋功能.结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间6.1年(2.5～9.2年).有211例无选择THA患者可用较小的切口(＜14 cm)完成手术.小切口组体重指数低,术中出血量少,术后早期疼痛轻、对切口满意度高,但其髋臼假体外展角异常比例更高,与其余两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).中度切口组在关节囊解剖位修复及梨状肌保留例数、手术时间和术后6周Harris评分与小切口组相同,但与标准切口组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论对于无选择THA患者采用微创手术技术,较小的后侧切口可以获得安全满意的疗效.尽量缩短手术切口而非强求小切口,可最大限度减轻软组织损伤使手术顺利进行,并保证远期临床效果.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the reasonability of posterior approach incision length in an unselected patient cohort with minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare the clinical results of different incision lengths. Methods A consecutive unselected 256 patients who underwent primary unilateral THA between March 2001 and December 2007 were studied prospectively. Prior to the operation, the incision length was not deliberately selected for the patients. A posterior approach was used for all procedures with minimally invasive surgical techniques. The patients were divided into three groups according to the incision length at the end of surgery: mini-incision group ( ＜ 10 cm, 99 patients) , moderate incision group (10-14 cm, 112 patients) and standard incision group ( ＞ 14 cm, 45 patients). The in-hospital data including age, sex, diagnosis,body mass index (BMI),operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss, preservation of the external rotators, anatomic repair of the capsule as well as postoperative radiographs were collected for analysis of the intraoperative and postoperative complications. The pain was estimated by using the individual visual analog scale (VAS) and the functional outcome evaluated by Harris hip score preoperatively and postoperatively. Results All the patients were followed up for an average period of 6.1 years (2.5-9.2 years). The incision length was shortened and optimized ( ＜ 14 cm) in 211 patients. There showed decrease of BMI, less intraoperative blood loss, less pain, satisfactory outcome but higher proportion of abnormal abduction angle of the acetabular prosthesis in the early postoperative period in the mini-incision group, with statistical difference compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The preservation of the piriformis tendon, anatomic repair of the joint capsule, operation duration and Harris score at 6th postoperative week in the moderate incision group were similar to those in the mini incision group but showed statistical difference in comparison with the standard incision group ( P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Minimally invasive THA with a smaller posterior incision can attain safe and effective curative effect for the unselected patient cohort. A smaller but not necessarily miniincision may allow minimal soft tissue trauma for the surgeon to perform the procedure well and ensure a long-term clinical results.     

脊髓型颈椎病前路术后脊髓损伤的原因及防治对策

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病前路手术引起脊髓损伤的原因和防治策略.方法 分析2001年-2009年共749例实施前路减压融合手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者病历资料.共有5例患者在术后即刻或术后早期出现了脊髓功能下降.其中男3例,女2例;年龄48-62岁,平均52岁.2例合并有后纵韧带骨化.术前日本骨科学会(JOA)评分9-16分,平均12.4分.手术方式采用前路经颈椎间盘或椎体次全切除减压、自体髂骨或Cage融合、钛合金板内固定术.术中出血50～200 ml.2例患者术后即刻发现脊髓功能障碍加重,1例术后6 h出现下肢感觉运动消失,1例术后24 h出现一侧肢体瘫痪,1例术后5 d出现四肢麻木加重.4例患者早期给予大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗.5例患者均再次行颈椎前路探查术,其中1例患者同时又行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术.结果 随访时间1～2年,平均16个月.4例患者脊髓功能(JOA评分)术后3个月均恢复或优于术前水平,术后1年均优于术前水平;1例患者术后1年神经功能仍无改善.分析脊髓损伤原因:术中减压和止血伤及脊髓2例,减压不彻底1例,血肿和止血纱布压迫各1例.结论 颈前路减压手术引起脊髓损伤的主要原因是术后延迟损伤,如果发现和处理及时,脊髓功能大多数可以恢复至术前水平.应尽量避免术中操作伤及脊髓,从而导致脊髓功能永久性障碍.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the causes and prevention strategies of postoperative spinal cord injury after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods The clinical data of 749 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with anterior approach surgery from 2001 to 2009 were retrospectively studied.There were five patients with spinal cord dysfunction instantly or early after operation,including three males and two females at average age of 52 years (range,48-62 years).Two patients were combined with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was average 12.4(9-16)preoperatively.The surgeries included anterior cervical diskectomy(or corpectomy)and interbody fusion(iliac bone graft or cage or titanium mesh)and locking plates fixation.The blood loss was 50-200 ml.The symptoms included instant spinal cord injury in two patients,loss of the motor and feeling of both legs at 6 h after surgery in one,paralysis of one side limbs at 24 h after surgery in one and numbness of limbs at 5 days after surgery in one.Four patients were treated by large dose of methylprednisolone.Five patients underwent anterior exploration surgery,of which one patient received posterior cervical one-door expansive laminoplasty. Results The patients were followed up for average 16 months(12-24 months).The JOA score of four patients was recovered at three months and WaS better than preoperation after surgery.The function of spinal cord of one patient showed no improvement at one year after surgery.The causes for spinal cord injury included inappropriate surgical manipulation in decompression and haemostasis in two patients,insufficient decompression in one,epidural hematoma in one and absorbable hemostatic gauze in one. Conclusions The major causes of postoperative spinal cord injury in anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylofic myelopathy are the delayed postoperative injury.The spinal cord can recover to normal and has satisfactory prognosis if discovered promptly.We must avoid the spinal cord injury by surgical Manipulation that may result in permanent neurological deficits.     

盐酸肾上腺素在骨水泥型髋关节置换术中预防骨水泥植入综合征发生的作用

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.     

附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨萎缩性骨不连

目的 探讨附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨萎缩性骨不连的手术适应证和操作技术.方法1999年6月-2009年6月,应用附加钢板合并开放植骨治疗12例髓内钉固定后股骨萎缩性骨不连.小切口微创清除骨折端肉芽组织,硬化骨去皮质化,足量髂骨纵形平铺于骨不连间隙和骨皮质骨床上,选择5～6孔钛合金限制接触型动力接骨板,3.0 mm克氏针钻孔,4～6枚皮质骨螺钉双皮质固定.术后保护性负重,1,3,6,12个月临床与影像学评估.结果全部获得骨性愈合,随访时问7 ～26个月,平均17.4个月.取髂骨植骨并附加钢板固定手术时间共50～120 min,平均77.5 min;出血量150～350 ml,平均252 ml.术后供骨区疼痛9例,7例1个月内缓解,2例3个月后缓解.临床骨性愈合时间5～9个月,平均7.1个月;影像学愈合时间7～12个月,平均9.4个月.无感染、钢板螺钉松动、断裂等.结论附加钢板合并植骨适用于髓内钉固定后股骨干骺端骨不连、AO分型B型骨折骨不连、骨缺损>1 cm以及扩髓更换髓内钉失败的萎缩性骨不连.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the operative indications and operation techniques for augmentative plate fixation in treatment of femoral shaft atrophic nonunions subsequent to intramedullary fixation. Methods Twelve femoral nonunions after internal fixation with intramedullary nailing were treated with augmentative plate internal fixation and bone graft from June 1999 to June 2008. All femoral nonunions were caused by insecure fixation of the intramedullary nailing, in which a rotational instability of the fracture site was verified in all the patients during operation. Minimally invasive removal of the granulation tissue at fracture site and the sclerotic bone was dccorticated. The adequate lilac bone was tiled longitudinally on the nonunion gap and the cortical bone bed. The fixation involved the limited-contact dynamic titanium plate with 5-6 holes, 3.0 mm Kirschner wire and 4-6 double cortex cortical screw fixation.Protective weight-bearing was given after surgery and the tunction was evaluated at 1,3, 6 and 12 months with imaging. Results All patients were followed up for 7-26 months ( average 17.4 months), which showed radiological solid union (7-12 months, average 9.4 months) and clinical union (5-9 months, average 7.1 months ). The operation lasted for 50-120 minutes ( average 77.5 minutes), with blood volume of 150-350 ml ( average 252 ml). There were nine patients with bone pain, of whom the pain was relieved within one month in seven patients and three months in two. No infection, hardware loosening or breaking were found. Conclusion The plate augmentation and cancellous bone grafting leaving the nail in situ can be an effective solution for nonisthmal femoral nonunion, bone defect and failed exchange nailing.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定手术治疗牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位的手术技巧及临床疗效.方法 选择2005年3月-2009年9月收治的寰枢椎脱位患者32例(TOI分型为T2型).其中齿状突骨折19例,新鲜性17例,陈旧性2例;横韧带断裂5例;先天性齿状突发育异常8例.术前日本骨科学会(JOA)评分5～13分,平均8.38分;骨髓有效空间(space available for the cord,SAC)平均9.15 mm.32例患者经颅骨牵引复位后,经颈后路行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术.结果 32例患者经颅骨牵引后复位,共置入螺钉128枚,手术时间平均1.5 h,出血量平均300 ml,未发生椎动脉及脊髓损伤.全部患者获随访,时间12～24个月,临床症状获得不同程度改善.术后SAC平均14.86 mm;术后1年JOA评分10～17分,平均14.56分,评分改善率为71.70%.X线、螺旋CT复查螺钉位置良好,无钉棒断裂、变形、松动或寰枢椎再次脱位现象.寰枢椎后方植骨于术后3～6个月获骨性融合,1例未植骨,术后1年取出内固定,寰枢关节旋转功能正常.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定技术为寰枢椎提供坚强的三维固定,可直视下置钉,术中复位、融合率高,安全有效,是牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位的理想治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the technique and clinical outcome of the atlantoaxial pedicle screw system in the treatment of the unstable atlantoaxial dislocation post traction.Methods The study involved 32 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation(type T2 of TOI classification)admitted from March 2005 to September 2009.There were 17 patients with fresh odontoid fracture and two with old odontoid fracture,five with traumatic disruption of the transverse atlantal ligament and eight with congenital odontoid dysplasia.JOA scores of neurological function before operation was at a range of 5-13(average 8.38).The average of space available for the cord(SAC)was 9.15 mm.Before the atlantoaxial pedicle screw system was carried out,the skull traction was performed in all the patients preoperatively.Results A total of 128 pedicle screws were inserted safely,with mean operation time and perioperative blood loss for 1.5 hours and 300 ml,respectively.No injury to the vertebral artery or spinal cord was observed.All the patients were followed up for 12-24 months,which showed that JOA scores one year after operation was increased to 10-17(average 14.56),with the improvement rate of 71.70%,and that the SAC was average 14.86 mm.The X-ray and SCT scans verified the proper position of the screws,with no internal fixation failure or atlantoaxial redislocation.After 3-6 months,all the patients except for one patient achieved a solid bone fusion.One year after operation,the one patient with no bone graft fusion was removed of the internal fixation system and obtained satisfactory restoration of the rotational function.Conclusions Atlantoaxial pedicle screw system is an effective method for the treatment of the unstable atlantoaxial dislocation post traction,for it has the advantages of stable three-dimension fixation,direct screw placement,intraoperative reduction and high fusion rate.     

经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术的初步临床应用

Objective To characterize the feasibility, key technology, indications and clinical outcome of percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion. Methods Clinical data from 32 cases [16 made, 16 female, age range 31-77 years, average disease duration (5.0±2.0) years ] underwent percutaneous nucleotomy and endplate curettage was retrospectively analyzed. After percutaneous nucleotomy and endplate curettage, one expandable spinal spacer B-twin was introduced into the intervertebral space and some allograft cancellous bone implanted around the B-twin. Indications for treatment included degenerative lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with intervetebral distability or Ⅰ degree spondylolythesis (21 cases), LDH with intervetebral space collapse (10 cases) and lumbar discogenic pain (1 case). The symptoms and function of all patients were evaluated before, 3 months and 12 months after the operation by clinical outcome judgment criterion of surgical treatment for low back pain formulated by JOA, and the rate of clinical improvement and treatment efficacy were calculated. The JOA scales preoperatively, postoperatively and on the final follow-up was compared using ANOVA in SPSS. The changes before and after surgery with the JOA score and the the rate of clinical improvement between 3 months and 12 months after the operation was also compared using χ2 test. Results The average operation time 1 hour and blood loss < 20 ml, Surgical site: L3-4 4 cases, L4-5 19 cases, I5-S1 6 cases, L3-4 and L4-5 3 cases, B-TWIn were implanted fusion cage 35, in three cases of intervertebral space with two implantso Average in Hospital time was (10.0±2.1) d . Complication included 1 case with displacement and 1 case with secondary instability of next intervertebral space. All the patients were evaluated after a follow-up of 3-36 months (average 13 months) 32 cases of patients with low back pain JOA score: before surgery is(4.1±1.8), 3 months after surgery is (11.9±3.9), 1 year after surgery of the 22 cases is (12.0±3.2). Score before and after surgery were statistically significant differences (F = 5.67, P < 0.01). The rate of clinical improvement After surgery there was no significant difference (F = 4.18, P > 0.05). Conclusions Percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion with B-twin expandable fusion cage could lead to satisfactory outcome in the treatment of degenerative disc disease and intervertebral instability,which minimize surgical soft tissue and trauma spinal damage, does not destroy the structure of spinal stability. The technique The long-term outcome, complications and fusion rate need further observing.     

18F-FDG PET/CT定位诊断异位分泌促肾上腺皮质激素肿瘤的价值

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the localization of ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH)-secreting tumors. Methods Seven patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome (confirmed by clinical symptom, biochemical data or bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling) were included, 4 males and 3 females with age ranged 27-63 years old.All patients were examined with head MR, chest and abdomen CT, abdomen ultrasonography, and whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT. Location, size, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumor were measured. Results 18 F-FDG PET/CT detected three ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors with the sizes 1. 1 cm×1.0 cm (SUVmax =9.4), 1.5 cm×1.1cm (SUVmax =6.4), and 1.6 cm ×1.5 cm (SUVmax =12.0). The pathological findings of the three tumors were thymoma, lung carcinoid, and mediastinal carcinoid respectively. Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT may help the localization of ecto pic ACTH-secreting tumors .     

基于体素的遗忘型轻度认知障碍和轻度阿尔茨海默病全脑白质MR扩散张量成像分析

Objective To evaluate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) using voxel-based analysis (VBA), and investigate the relationship between WM abnormalities and gray matter(GM) atrophy.Methods Thirty-three cases with aMCI, 32 cases with mild AD and 31 normal aging volunteers as control subjects were scanned on a 3.0 T MR system using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled(3DSPGR) sequences. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and morphological images were preprocessed by SPM5 and voxel-based comparisons between the 2 patient groups and the control group were performed by t test. Results Relative to the control group, patients with aMCI showed significantly reduced FA value in bilateral frontal, temporal and left occipital WM, left anterior part of cingulum, left inferior parietal lobule, and the W M adjacent to the triangular part of the right lateral ventricle(k≥20 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced FA value was found in bilateral hippocampal,inferior parietal lobular,frontal,temporal,and occipital WM,bilateral corpus callosum,anterior part of cingulums,the WM adjacent to the triaangular part of the bilateral lateral ventricles,left temporal stem,left thalamus,right precuneus(k≥20 voxels).Significantly reduced GM volume was found in left hippocampus,parahippocampal gyrus,lingual gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,bilateral insulae and middle temporal gyri in aMCl group whencompared with control group(k≥50 voxels).In mild AD,significantly reduced GM volume was found in bilateral hippoeampi,parahippocampal gyri,amygdalae,thalami,temporal,parietal,frontal,occipital cortex(k≥50 voxels).The pattern of areas with reduced FA differs;from that of the GM volumetric reduction.No areas with significantlv reduced FA was detected in aMCl compared with mild AD. There was no significant correlation between FA value of WM in patient groups and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores.Conclusions Voxel-based MRI DTI analysis of whole brain white matter can objectively reveal widespread white matter abnormalities in early-stage AD.The difierence between WM FA reduction pattern and GM volumetric reduction pattern indicates that the pathological WM changes in earlyslage AD were caused by multiple mechanisms. FA did not vary significantly in patients pr0gressing from aMCI to mild AD and can hardly reflect the severitv of cognitive function damage in these patients.     

不同镇痛方式对下肢骨折手术患者应激反应及焦虑状况的影响

Objective To observe the effect of different analgesic methods including patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on stress response and anxiety in surgical patients with lower limb fracture. Methods A total of 120 surgical patients with lower limb fractures were employed and divided randomly into Groups PCEA, PCIA and C (40per group). All patients were anaesthetized by using combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. After operation, PCEA and PCIA were applied in the patients of Groups PCEA and PCIA, respectively. No analgesic method was employed in the Group C. The dynamic indices including mean blood press (MAP) and heart rate (HR), blood serum cortisol (COR) and blood sugar (BS) were measured at different time points,ie, T0 ( pre-anesthesia), T1 ( the end of the operation), T2 (24 hours after operation) and T3 (48 hours after operation). The visual analogue pain score was conducted at time points of T1, T2 and T3. The measurement of anxiety score was done at pre-operation and at days 1 and 7 after operation. Results There were no significant changes in HR and MAP of Groups PCEA and PCIA (P＞0.05, compared with T0) at every time point after operation. Whereas, HR and MAP of Group C were increased at time points of T1 and T2 (P ＜ 0.05, compared with T0 ), with statistical difference compared with Groups PCEA and PCIA at the same time points (P ＜ 0.05 ). VAS in Group PCEA was lower than that in Group PCIA at time points of T2 and T3 ( P ＜ 0.05). Meanwhile, VAS in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P＜0. 05). COR and BS in Group PCEA were significant lower than those in group PCIA at time points of T2 and T3 (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, COR and BS in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01 ). Moreover, the changes were more significant in Group PCIA than that in Group PCEA (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The anxiety score in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Two analgesic methods of PCEA and PCIA can provide safe and effective postoperative analgesia and attenuate the stress response and anxiety in surgical patients with lower limb fracture. Meanwhile, PCEA takes more advantages than PCIA.     

采用锥形股骨柄生物学固定对高龄患者行全髋置换术后的骨改建及临床疗效

目的 探讨采用锥形股骨柄假体生物学固定对高龄患者行全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplsty,THA)后的假体周围骨改建及中期临床疗效.方法 随机选取2003年1月-2005年1月采用锥形股骨柄假体生物学固定行THA的高龄患者(70～90岁)30例(34髋).对术后及随访X线片的影像学资料、术后及随访中采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测量的手术前、后假体周围骨密度资料进行分析,临床疗效采用Harris标准评定,并以Kaplan-Meier法评价股骨假体的使用寿命.结果 4例死于肺癌,余26例(30髋)获5～7年(平均6年)随访.术后X线片测量显示12髋1年内假体下沉＜1.5 mm,无假体松动.增生性骨反应见于Gruen 2,3,4,5,6,11,12区;吸收性骨反应见于1,7区.DEXA检查显示骨密度增加在2,3,4,5区,骨密度减少主要发生在1,6,7区.术后6个月内,2,5区的骨密度增加速度最快(P＜0.05),2年后各区骨密度改变趋于稳定(P＞0.05).术后1年内的假体周围总骨密度减少较多(P＜0.05),手术2年后的假体周围总骨密度基本无改变(P＞0.05),只是骨量从股骨近端到远端呈区域性重新分布.髋关节功能Harris评分从术前38.56±8.21提高至最近随访时的86.32±6.01,假体6年存留率达100%.结论采用锥形股骨柄假体生物学固定对高龄患者行THA后的假体周围具有良好的骨改建模式,且中期临床效果良好.     

后外侧小切口全髋置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 总结后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的经验.方法 2002年10月-2005年1月收治的199例(207髋)初次全髋置换,其中46例(46髋)为股骨颈骨折患者,新鲜骨折31髋,陈旧性骨折15髋.采用后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术,观察股骨颈骨折置换的切口长度、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数、术后并发症、功能恢复和评分情况.结果 随访时间14～26个月,平均17.2个月.随访期间最后一次Harris评分:新鲜股骨颈骨折患者(84.1±8.6)分,陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者评分(85.8 ±7.6)分.所有患者术后X线片未见明显假体位置不良.新鲜和陈旧股骨颈骨折的手术切口、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).新鲜和陈旧性股骨颈骨折组各有1例患者脱位.结论 后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术具有创伤小、出血及并发症少和功能恢复快的特点,对于股骨颈骨折患者不仅能获得良好的髋关节功能,且减少了并发症的发生.     

Ⅰ期全髋置换术治疗合并股骨头或股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗合并股骨头或股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折方法、手术特点和疗效.方法 对7例合并股骨头或股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折行Ⅰ期THA.髋臼骨折按AO分型:A型1例,B型3例,C型3例.股骨头骨折1例,股骨颈骨折6例.伤后7～21 d接受THA,5例行髋臼复位内固定后采用生物型髋臼,2例金属加强环配合骨水泥固定髋臼,股骨侧均采用生物型固定.结果 6例得到随访,平均随访时间3年9个月(2年3个月～6年5个月),出现脱位1例,经手法复位后未再脱位,1例出现异位骨化.所有随访患者髋关节功能均有明显改善,Harris评分术前平均48分,术后提高到91分.随访期内未发现假体松动.结论 THA是治疗合并同侧股骨头或股骨颈骨折髋臼骨折的有效方法,能显著改善关节功能,避免多次手术.     

Corail柄用于高龄患者初次人工全髋置换早期随访观察

目的探讨高龄患者使用Corail股骨柄假体行初次人工全髋关节置换的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析北京积水潭医院矫形骨科自2013年1月至2016年6月采用Corail股骨假体行初次全髋关节置换的26例高龄患者的临床资料,记录其并发症的发生情况,观察其术后随访X线影像变化,采用Harris评分对临床疗效进行评估。结果本组26例患者,术后随访8~34个月,平均(20.8±9.2)个月。1例术中发生股骨距劈裂骨折,钢丝捆扎固定后痊愈。4例术后出现下肢肌间静脉血栓,1例出现胫后静脉血栓,经保守治疗后痊愈。无感染及血管、神经损伤并发症的发生。末次随访时,1例假体下沉2.5 mm,无假体松动,假体均获得骨性固定,假体存活率为100.0%。所有患者髋关节功能恢复良好,无大腿痛发生,Harris评分由术前的(44.8±10.9)分改善至末次随访的平均(86.0±6.0)分。结论高龄患者采用Corail羟基磷灰石全涂层股骨柄假体行初次全髋置换,可获得良好的假体稳定性,显著改善髋关节功能,早期疗效满意。     

双极人工股骨头置换术治疗骨质疏松性不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨双极人工股骨头置换术治疗骨质疏松性不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法 选择我院2003年4月-2010年1月应用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗75岁以上股骨转子间骨折患者53例.骨折类型按Evans-Jenson分型:Ⅲ型24例,Ⅳ型18例,Ⅴ型11例.Singh 指数Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级18例,Ⅲ级12例,Ⅳ级10例.多数患者伤后3d内手术.结果 手术时间(75±10)min,出血量(350 +68)ml.3例出院后失访,1例于术后5个月死于慢性支气管炎呼吸功能衰竭.术后共49例获得随访,随访时间12～93个月,平均38个月.未发现关节脱位,人工假体松动、下沉或断裂.根据Harris髋关节功能判定标准,末次随访时优29例,良13例,中7例,优良率为86％.结论 应用人工关节置换治疗骨质疏松性不稳定性股骨转子间骨折是一种有效的治疗方法.但其创伤较大,作为内固定治疗股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)的补充,需要严格掌握其适应证.     

改良Watson-Jones入路微创全髋置换术的技术要点及临床应用

目的 探讨改良Watson-Jones(OCM)入路微创全髋置换术的技术要点,观察临床应用效果.方法 2005年1月-2006年12月采用OCM入路微创全髋置换术治疗髋关节损伤及疾病患者35例,其中男16例,女19例;年龄(65.9±6.8)岁;体重指数(24.4±3.2).记录每例患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中及术后输血量、术后住院天数、并发症、假体位置、髋关节功能评分(Harris评分法)等,分析该方法的临床效果.结果 手术切口(8.3±0.9)cm;手术时间(92.1±13.5)min;输血量(300±218.2)ml;髋臼外展角(46.3±2.9)°;术后住院天数(7.9±1.7)d.平均随访17.3个月(6～24个月).前20例患者术后3个月有11例患者主诉臀部疼痛,术后6个月有9例,术后12个月减少到5例;后15例未出现类似症状.无感染、脱位、血管神经损伤或深静脉栓塞等并发症.末次随访Harris评分为(91.3±5.7)分.结论 OCM入路微创全髋置换术创伤小,术后患者康复信心足,辅以适当的功能锻炼可获得较快的恢复.     

同期双侧全髋置换术的临床报告

目的 对同期与分期双侧全髋关节置换术进行比较,了解同期双侧关节置换的安全性和有效性。方法 1997年3月～2003年1月进行的双侧髋关节置换病人中共118例(236个关节)获随访,将其分为2组,A组为同期置换组87例(174个髋关节),B组为分期置换组31例(62个髋关节)。对比A组与B组之间手术时间、总出血量、总输血量、术前与术后Harris评分及术后并发症等方面的差异。结果 两组各项指标之间均无统计学差异。从住院时间、总治疗费用、总出血量、总输血量、并发症及功能等多方面考虑,同期双侧全髋关节置换明显要优于分期双侧全髋关节置换。结论 同期双侧全髋关节置换安全可行,与分期置换相比具有一定优越性。     

全涂层表面微孔股骨假体在人工全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的评价全涂层股骨假体在人工髋关节翻修术后的X线表现和临床效果。方法自1999年1月至2003年12月，对15例患者15髋采用全涂层表面微孔股骨柄假体进行全髋关节翻修术。男6例，女9例；年龄58～82岁，平均66岁。翻修原因：无菌性假体松动10例，感染性松动2例，假体松动、股骨骨折2例，股骨假体位置不良1例。所有患者均采用Harris髋关节评分和手术前、术后定期X线评价。结果15例患者均获随访，随访时问1～5年，平均2．3年。术前平均Harris评分为42分，最后随访时增加至89分。所有患者均在术后3个月后完全负重，原有髋关节疼痛缓解。在最后随访时，有14例股骨柄假体获得骨长入固定，有1例获得稳定的纤维固定。并发症包括股骨干骨折2例，其中1例为股骨柄尖端处无移位骨裂，1例为股骨假体柄远端穿出股骨皮质，术后脱位1例。本组中无假体固定失败的患者。无一例患者发生感染。结论全涂层非骨水泥股骨假体是髋关节翻修股骨侧的良好选择，近期X线和临床效果满意，对个子矮小的患者选用加长翻修柄应慎重。     

Ⅰ期全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折

目的 探讨髋臼骨折后Ⅰ期全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的手术适应证和手术方法,观察其临床疗效.方法 对11例髋臼骨折患者行Ⅰ期THA.其中前柱骨折3例,后壁骨折1例,后柱骨折2例,后柱合并后壁骨折2例,横形骨折1例,横形合并后壁骨折1例,两柱骨折1例.伤后8～37 d(平均24 d)接受THA.对新鲜髋臼骨折患者,先用重建钢板或螺钉固定骨折以恢复髋臼肇的形态,将切下的股骨头制成颗粒状或块状植于髋臼内后安置臼杯.陈旧性髋臼骨折有节段性髋臼骨缺损者,将切下的股骨头制成大块状进行髋臼内结构性植骨后再安置臼杯.结果 术后3个月完全负重,无人工关节脱位.随访时间6～45个月,平均28个月.Harris评分平均78分.髋关节屈伸平均活动度为95°.X线片示1例出现髋臼松动及骨溶解征象.结论 髋臼骨折移位明显,关节软骨面损伤严重,错过了手术复位时机,可以Ⅰ期行THA.如能创造稳定的髋臼杯结构,近期临床效果满意.     

股骨近段矢状位纵向劈开成形在全髋置换中的应用

目的 总结股骨近段矢状位纵向劈开成形术行全髋置换术治疗髋关节终极疾病合并股骨干骺段狭窄畸形的疗效。 方法 选择2000年1月-2009年12月收治的18例(22髋)髋关节终极疾病合并股骨干骺段狭窄畸形患者,其中男3例,女15例;平均年龄54岁(41～ 75岁)。单髋14例,双髋4例。按Berry分类法,全部患者均被确定为干骺段畸形和大小异常型,其中诊断为发育型(先天性髋关节发育不良)17例,陈旧性髋结核1例。先天性髋关节发育不良者按Crowe等分类法,均被诊断为Ⅳ型。所有患者均采用股骨近段矢状位纵向劈开成形、股骨转子下叠加式缩短截骨和“V”形旋转截骨等手术,并采用标准型股骨柄假体生物学固定。 结果 无感染、脱位、下肢神经牵拉伤,以及股骨近段失控性骨折等并发症。术后X线片示臼杯均位于真臼区,所有股骨柄假体的初始固定质量均优良。所有截骨区在术后3～6个月均获骨性愈合。术后测量显示患肢平均延长3 cm(2.5～3.5 cm)。随访1～10年,平均6年,Harris评分由术前的平均30分改善至术后1年的平均93分。X线片显示无骨溶解,或广泛的X线透亮带、假体进行性下沉、内翻移位等假体松动征。无一例因假体松动或其他原因需行翻修手术者。 结论 髋关节终极疾病合并股骨干骺段狭窄畸形者,采用股骨近段矢状位纵向劈开成形术,并采用标准型股骨柄生物固定假体行全髋置换术治疗可取得满意疗效。