丽水市社区人群皮肤病流行病学调查及风险因素分析

目的:了解社区人群常见皮肤病的流行情况及可能的风险因素.方法:对某社区人群进行皮肤病检查和危险因素调查.结果:该社区应查2 325人,实查2 023人(87%),皮肤病总患病率27.4%.患病率较高有脂溢性角化病(9.4%)、浅部真菌病(8.0%)及湿疹皮炎类皮肤病(7.5%).年龄大、营养摄入不均衡、吸烟、有系统疾病者皮肤病总患病率增加.结论:普通人群中皮肤病较常见.年龄大、营养摄入不均衡、吸烟、伴随系统疾病是患皮肤病的可能危险因素.     

北京某城乡结合区人群皮肤病流行病学调查及危险因素相关性分析

目的了解北京某城乡结合区人群常见皮肤病的流行病学情况,探讨可能的高危因素。方法通过问卷调查方式对城乡结合区人群整群随机抽查,对4 109被调查者进行皮肤病筛查和危险因素调查。结果实查3 317人(80.72%),皮肤病总患病率56.95%。患病率较高的病种有浅部真菌病(21.01%)、湿疹(8.02%)和痤疮(7.66%)等。年龄、文化程度、睡眠质量、生活环境、社会经济地位、药物过敏史和过敏性疾病遗传史是影响皮肤病总患病率的危险因素,OR值分别为1.028,1.184,1.665,1.653,1.240,3.008和1.766。结论北京城乡结合区皮肤病很常见,年龄、文化程度、生活环境、睡眠质量、社会经济地位、药物过敏史和过敏性疾病遗传史是皮肤病的高危因素,对宣教和防治常见皮肤病有重要意义。     

南京地区部分中小学生皮肤病流行病学调查

1998年5-6月对南京地区2249名中小学生进行了体格检查，发现患有皮肤病者1473人，共43种皮肤病，皮肤病总患病率为65.50%。时点患病率以鱼鳞病最高（25.83%），其次为毛周角化（17.61%）、痤疮（15.07%）、单纯糠疹（11.43%）、雀斑（7.65%）、湿疹（4.18%）和病毒感染（1.51%）。鱼鳞病患病率农村高于城市，而痤疮、单纯糠疹和湿疹则城市高于。单纯糠疹和痤疮患病率男性高于女性，而毛周角化、鱼鳞病和雀斑的患病率则以女性为高。毛周角化、单纯糠疹、雀斑和痤疮的患病率随年龄增长而增高，而湿疹、口周皮炎和鲜红斑痣的患病率随年龄增长而下降。     

北京市海淀区14570例外来人口皮肤病回顾性分析

目的:了解北京市海淀区外来人口皮肤病的发病情况。方法:对本院皮肤病初诊患者门诊资料进行统计分析。结果:皮肤病初诊患者17 218例中,外来人口14 570例(84.62%),男∶女=1.037∶1,平均年龄为(25.58±24.62)岁;外来人口皮肤病种构成比由高至低依次为:湿疹皮炎类皮肤病(49.10%)、病毒性皮肤病(16.65%)、昆虫寄生虫性皮肤病(8.89%)、真菌感染性皮肤病(6.79%)、皮肤附属器疾病(6.17%)等,常见皮肤病构成比较高的有:湿疹(21.86%)、寻常疣(11.51%)、丘疹性荨麻疹(11.46%)、荨麻疹(9.30%)、疥疮(6.77%)等。非外来人口2 648例(15.38%),男∶女=0.954∶1,平均年龄为(55.47±20.16)岁;常见皮肤病主要有湿疹(23.11%)、手足癣(19.60%)和脂溢性角化病(8.64%)等。外来人口年龄明显小于非外来人口(t=14.57,P<0.01)。湿疹、丘疹性荨麻疹、荨麻疹、痤疮构成比在外来人口与非外来人口中无明显差异(P值均>0.01),手足癣和脂溢性角化病构成比在非外来人口中较高(χ2分别为6.58、1.62,P值均<0.01),但寻常疣构成比在外来人口中较高(χ2=3.07,P<0.01)。结论:本院皮肤科门诊患者外来人口比例高,患病年龄较小。除湿疹、丘疹性荨麻疹、荨麻疹、痤疮外,常见皮肤病与非外来人口的发病情况有区别。     

广州市白云区小儿特应性皮炎患病情况及影响因素调查分析

目的了解广州市白云区小儿特异性皮炎(Atopic dermatitis,AD)患病情况及影响因素。方法对广州市白云区3 080例(0~12)岁小儿进行问卷调查、电话回访及体检的方式了解该地区小儿特异性皮炎的患病情况及影响因素。结果广州市白云区小儿特异性皮炎男性患病率为0.6%,女性患病率为0.51%,总患病率为0.55%,其中(0~3)岁患病率为1.33%,(4~6)岁患病率为0.46%,(7~9)岁患病率为0.47%,(10~12)岁患病率为0.35%,以上男女患病率以及各年龄阶段患病率之间的差异均无统计学意义,P <0.05。较小的年龄、家族过敏史、母亲怀孕前和怀孕期间以及儿童出生后居住在半年内新装修的房屋以及居住地出现发霉的状况等因素与儿童特异性皮炎患病有统计学关联。结论广州市白云区小儿特异性皮炎的患病率为0.55%,患病影响因素与室内家居环境以及儿童的年龄及家族史有关。     

青少年皮脂溢出相关疾病及危险因素分析

为评估青少年皮脂溢出相关疾病的患病情况、危险因素及其与消化道功能紊乱的相关性,采用横断面问卷调查方法,对广州市天河区以学校为单位随机整群抽取2552名12～20岁的中学生,对其逐一检查并以问卷调查的方法收集皮脂溢出相关疾病的流行病学资料,所有资料以SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析.结果:总患病率平均为50.7%,男52.3%,女49.2%,性别间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).青少年皮脂溢出症、脂溢性皮炎、痤疮、脂溢性脱发和酒渣鼻患病率分别为30.0%、2.9%、32.8%、0%和1.6%.多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄、直系亲属有痤疮史、经常食油炸食物、腋毛多、乳晕周围有较多体毛、消化道功能紊乱、精神紧张等为其危险因素.其中消化道功能紊乱的OR=1.414(95%可信区间1.161～1.722,P=0.000).广州市青少年皮脂溢出相关疾病患病率较高,危险因素主要涉及内分泌、生活习惯与消化道功能紊乱等.     

系统性红斑狼疮遗传流行病学研究

目的 探讨遗传因素在系统性红斑狼疮发病中的作用。方法 应用病例对照研究方法对166例SLE先证者和383例对照的亲属资料进行遗传流行病学研究。结果 12.05%的先证者的一级亲属患有SLE。一级亲属、二级亲属患病率依次为1.698%、0.606%,显著高于对照组一级亲属患病率(0.115%)(P<0.01),其OR值及95%可信区间分别为14.88(4.22~62.70)、5.31(1.38~23.95),且一级亲属患病率>二级亲属患病率>三级亲属患病率>群体患病率。应用Penrose方法计算,s/q接近1/√q。Falconer多基因阈值模型估计SLE先证者一级、二级、三级亲属的遗传度分别为78.8%±4.45%、58.8%±10.9%、39.2%±32.0%,三者加权平均遗传度为75.2%±4.12%。结论 SLE具有多基因遗传病的特点,遗传因素在决定SLE的易患性上起到重要的作用。     

糖尿病患者趾甲真菌病的患病率及易感因素

目的 探讨糖尿病患者甲真菌病的患病率及易感因素.方法 研究我院糖尿病门诊和住院的糖尿病患者趾甲真菌病的发病情况,并与非糖尿病组比较.结果 糖尿病组与对照组趾甲真菌病的患病率分别为20.8%和9.4%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.001).两组均发现趾甲真菌病的患病率和年龄、性别显著相关(P<0.001).糖尿病组皮肤癣菌和酵母菌分离率接近,分别为47.4%和40.0%,对照组则为66.6%和27.3%.单因素分析表明趾甲真菌病的易感因素包括:糖尿病病程、周围血循环障碍、末梢神经炎、视网膜病变及口服免疫抑制剂.结论 糖尿病人群合并趾甲真菌病的风险是对照组的2.2倍.易感因素包括老龄、男性、病程长、周围血循环障碍、末梢神经炎、视网膜病变及口服免疫抑制剂.     

广东省兴宁市服务行业人员手部皮肤病的患病情况调查

目的：了解广东省兴宁市服务行业人员手部皮肤病的患病情况.方法：随机对餐饮、旅业、售票员、桑拿沐足按摩业、商业零售业、发廊美发等服务行业从业人员980人进行手部皮肤病检查;在行政事业单位工作人员体检中随机选取420人作为对照组.结果：调查登记服务行业980人,共查出手部皮肤病12类共15种,患病人数95例,总患病率9.7%;对照组420人,共查出手部皮肤病6类共8种, 患病人数11例,总患病率为2.6%,调查组与对照组总患病率比较有统计学差异（P〈0.01）.结论：从行业来看,发廊美发、桑拿沐足按摩业、餐饮业从业人员患病率较高;从病种看皮炎湿疹类、真菌性感染、球菌性感染发病率较高.加强对服务行业人员手部皮肤病防治工作有重要意义.     

成年女性痤疮与相关因素的探讨

目的：了解汉族成年女性寻常痤疮患病状况，探索其相关因素。方法：由皮肤科专业医师以问卷调查并观察受检者痤疮患病情况。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果：共调查1：199名年龄18-62岁的汉族女性。痤疮的时点患病率为19．3％，现有痤疮和过去有痤疮史者共为33．1％。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析提示油性皮肤(OR7．831，95％CI3．683-16．646)、辛辣食物敏感(OR3．391，95％CI2．036-5．646)、月经周期(OR2．119，95％CI1．095～4．102)、未闭经(OR5．677，95％CI1．854-17.384)与痤疮发生有关。结论：成年女性痤疮患病率仍维持较高水平。皮脂腺功能亢进、辛辣饮食与痤疮发生相关。     

Skin diseases in rural Nyala,Sudan (in a rural hospital,in 12 orphanages,and in two refugee camps)

Skin diseases are considered to be common in Nyala, Sudan. This study was carried out to verify the prevalence of skin diseases in Nyala. This prospective observational study included skin examination of a total of 1802 people: 620 patients who were evaluated in the outpatient clinics (OC) and 1182 people from orphanages and refugee camps (ORC) in Nyala, Sudan. χ² test was used. The total prevalence of skin disorders in the sample was 92.6% (1670/1802). One thousand and fifty of 1182 (88.8%) people from ORC had a skin disorder. The most common skin diseases in this community were: fungal infections (32.6%), dermatitis/eczema (10.5%), bacterial skin infections (10.3%), disorders of skin appendages (8.7%), parasitic infestations (7.7%), atrophic skin disorders (7.4%), disorders of pigmentation (7.4%), hypertrophic skin disorders (6.4%), viral infections (5.8), benign neoplasm (1.9%), dermatoses due to animal injury (0.4%), bullous dermatoses (0.1%), and malignant neoplasm (0.1%). Hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin were mainly lesions of scarification (mostly atrophic) (5.7%) and keloids (5.6%). Fungal infection, bacterial infection, and parasitic infestation were more common in the ORC group, while dermatitis and eczema, disorders of skin appendages, hypertrophic and atrophic disorders of the skin, disorders of pigmentation, and benign neoplasm were more common in the OC group. The prevalence of skin diseases in the rural Nyala was more than our expectation and was dominated by infectious skin diseases. In addition, infectious skin diseases were more common in ORC rather than OC.     

Prevalence of skin diseases in Iraq: a community based study

We sought to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in Iraq. Most such studies performed in Iraq have been hospital based. One community based study was performed in the southern area of Iraq but involved only an urban population. Our study was carried out in two Iraqi governorates, Tikrit and Kirkuk, and involved 1545 randomly selected households, 829 from urban areas and 716 from rural areas. The total sample size was 8000 individuals representing a wide range of ages, 3735 (47%) males and 4268 (53%) females.
The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 27%. The rate was similar in males (27%) and females (27%), and in rural (28%) compared with urban (26%) areas. Dermatitis was the most common disease category (33%) in the community based population, and skin infections (32%) in the hospital based group. Community and hospital based studies demonstrate that skin diseases represent a major public health problem which may confer significant personal and financial burdens on Iraq.     

Community health workers reduce skin diseases in East African children

Background Epidemiologic data concerning skin diseases in many rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa are not available. Little is known about the effect of regular treatment schedules by paramedical staff (especially community health workers) in the primary healthcare system on the severity and prevalence of dermatoses. Methods 5780 school and pre-school children from 13 primary schools in four sublocations in rural western Kenya (Kisumu District) were examined for dermatoses by the author, together with community health workers in 1993. On-the-spot training and weekend seminars about important and common dermatoses were also given. In 1994 a dermatology program was started within the primary healthcare system. Twelve trained community health workers carried out regular school visits once a week and diagnosed and treated pupils with dermatoses. Treatment was performed with gentian violet 1% solution for bacterial skin infections, Whitfield’s ointment for dermatophytoses, benzylbenzoate emulsion 25% for scabies, and hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream for eczemas. All schools were visited again in 1995 to evaluate the long-term effects of the program. Results In 1993, the prevalence rate for dermatoses was 32.4%. Most of the skin diseases found were of infective origin (27.1% were caused by bacteria, 21.6% by fungi, and 17.6% by arthropods, mainly scabies mites). Dermatitis accounted for 3.5%. In 1995, the prevalence of dermatoses declined to 29.6% (p<0.05), and this reduction was most strongly observed for tropical ulcers and tinea capitis. Additionally, there was an improvement in the extent and severity of skin diseases. Conclusions This study defines, for the first time, the number and extent of skin diseases in children in rural Kisumu District; most dermatoses were of infective origin. The study demonstrates that community health workers in the primary healthcare system are capable of dealing successfully with the most common dermatoses in children following a short training period.     

The prevalence of skin conditions in Romanian school children

Virtually nothing is known about the prevalence of skin conditions in children in the general population. Although we know something about the relative frequency of skin conditions seen by dermatologists, we do not know how such referrals are influenced by factors such as social class, accessibility to medical services or educational and cultural background. In order to estimate the burden and relative frequency of dermatological disease in children in the community, we measured the point prevalence of skin conditions in 1114 Romanian schoolchildren aged 6-12 years, using the British Association of Dermatologists diagnostic index. The overall point prevalence of children with one or more skin diseases was 22.8%, with no significant differences according to age group or sex, except for pityriasis alba which showed a male predominance (P = 0. 007). The most common diseases were infectious dermatoses such as viral warts and insect bites (6.3%), dermatitis/eczema (5.1%), pityriasis alba (5.1%), keratosis pilaris (4.0%) and urticaria (1. 9%). Together, these five groups accounted for more than 84% of the cases. Of the 1114 children, 213 (19.1%) had only one skin disease and 41 (3.7%) had two skin diseases. While acknowledging the limitations in defining which skin conditions can benefit from medical care, this study suggests that skin disorders are common in Romanian schoolchildren, affecting about one-quarter of 6-12 year olds. Such a point prevalence is likely to be conservative because of the tendency of prevalence estimates to exclude many other dermatoses of short duration. The finding that over 80% of the disorders can be grouped into fewer than six categories is important in informing training programmes and delivery of service for primary health care teams. This study provides a baseline for further studies into the morbidity and use of health care services by children with skin disease in the community.     

Epidemiology of skin diseases in school children: a study from northern India

Little information is available about the prevalence of skin conditions among children in the general population of northern India. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, overcrowding, and poor standards of hygiene are important factors accounting for the distribution of skin diseases in developing countries such as India. In order to estimate the burden and relative frequency of dermatologic diseases among children in the community, we measured the point prevalence of skin conditions in 12,586 Indian school children ages 6-14 years. The overall point prevalence of one or more identifiable/apparent skin conditions was 38.8%. Of those studied, 3786 children (30%) had only one skin disease, 765 (6%) had two, and 336 (2.7%) had three skin pathologies. The most common skin conditions and their respective point prevalences were skin infections (11.4%), pityriasis alba (8.4%), dermatitis/nonspecific eczemas (5.2%), infestations (5.0%), disorders of pigmentation (2.6%), keratinization disorders (mostly keratosis pilaris) (1.3%), and nevi/hamartomas (1.1%). This study shows that skin conditions are common in children and about one-third of them are affected at any given time. The finding that more than 85% of the disorders can be grouped into fewer than eight categories is important in designing training programs for medical teams involved in the delivery of primary health care services in developing countries such as India, where about one-third of the population is less than 15 years of age.     

Assessing skin disease and associated health-related quality of life in a rural Lao community

Background

Skin diseases are common and often have an impact on an individual’s health-related quality of life. In rural communities where access to healthcare may be limited and individuals rely on farming for food and income, the impact of skin diseases may be greater.The objectives for this study were to perform an assessment of skin disease prevalence in a rural village in Laos and assess the associated impact of any skin disease found using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).

Methods

A rural village was purposively selected and 340 participants examined by dermatologists over a four day period. Brief questionnaires were performed, followed by full body skin examinations and DLQI questionnaires completed were relevant. The data were analysed using chi square and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Results

One hundred and eighty-one participants were found to have a skin disease (53%). The six most common skin diseases were: eczema (22%), dermatophyte infections (19%), acne (10%), scabies infestation (9%), melasma (8%) and pityriasis versicolor (4%). Just over half of those with skin disease (51%) completed the DLQI, with scores ranging from 0 to 24. Those with skin problems on examination were significantly more likely to be farmers, have had a previous skin problem, be older or live in a smaller family.Conclusions This study represents the first formal documentation of skin disease prevalence in Laos and establishes the high rate of skin disease in the rural community and the associated impact these diseases have on health-related quality of life.

     

Prevalence of skin disease among school children and adolescents in a Student Health Service Center in Hong Kong

We document the prevalence and the pattern of dermatologic diseases among primary and secondary school students visiting a Student Health Service Center in Hong Kong. In this study, the differences in prevalence of skin diseases between these two groups are pointed out. A total of 1006 students from both primary (n = 559) and secondary schools (n = 447) were seen in a regional, population-based screening center during the period from October 1996 to September 1997. Each student was asked to answer a simple questionnaire to identify any skin problems and to explore health-seeking behavior. Students were then examined for evidence of skin disease. A total of 314 students (31.3%) had one or more skin disorders, the most common of which were acne vulgaris (9.9%), eczema (6.8%), café au lait spots (4.4%), congenital melanocytic nevus (3.6%), superficial fungal infections (2.2%), keratosis pilaris (1.3%), and pityriasis alba (1.0%), which represented 93% of the skin disorders encountered. Acne vulgaris and tinea cruris were distinctly more common in secondary school students, while atopic eczema and congenital melanocytic nevi were more commonly found in primary school students. Among the 314 students with skin disease, 129 (41%) had symptoms while 185 (59%) did not. Ninety of the 129 students (70%) with symptomatic skin problems did not seek medical attention. The two predominant skin diseases, acne vulgaris and endogenous eczema, both chronic skin problems, incur not only morbidity in affected individuals and families, but also use considerable resources in the community. The lack of medical intervention reported by symptomatic students in this study was unexpectedly high. Therefore it is useful to monitor the epidemiology of skin problems in children so that relevant skin health education programs and preventive measures can be planned and implemented effectively.     

援鄂抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎医护人员的皮肤损伤和皮肤病调查

目的：对援鄂抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎医护人员的皮肤损伤和皮肤病发生情况进行调查分析。方法：利用问卷网制作调查问卷,通过微信群发放二维码在线填写。内容包括受访者的基本情况、皮肤症状和皮肤病发生情况。结果：共155名医护人员完成调查,其中医生52名（33.55%）,护士103名（66.45%）;男64名（41.29%）,女91名（58.71%）,平均年龄35.32岁。援鄂期间每天洗手大于10次的140名（90.32%）。最常见的皮肤症状为压痕（88.39%）、皮肤干燥（63.23%）、多汗（50.97%）。压痕和压疮最常见的部位是鼻梁（83.94%）。最常见的皮肤病为湿疹（24.52%）、痤疮（21.94%）和毛囊炎（21.29%）。结论：援鄂医护人员皮肤损伤和皮肤病发生率高,需要进行干预。