Hedgehog信号通路对胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的调控作用

Hedgehog( Hh)信号通路及上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)调控细胞的增殖和分化,在胚胎发育过程中均发挥重要作用.正常成人组织中二者活性均明显下降,其异常活化往往与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭及转移密切相关.在胰腺癌细胞中常发现有Hh信号通路的异常活化和EMT现象,本文就Hh信号通路调控胰腺癌细胞EMT的作用及其机制做一综述.     

Hedgehog信号通路在肝细胞癌中的作用及其与肿瘤微环境的关系

Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在肝细胞癌的发生发展和肿瘤微环境中发挥重要作用。Hh信号异常激活可加速肿瘤的生长。Hh信号通路和肿瘤微环境之间的相互串扰与肿瘤的生长和抑制性肿瘤微环境的形成密切相关。有证据表明,抑制Hh信号在抑制肝细胞癌生长中发挥重要作用。本文就Hh信号异常激活在肝细胞癌和肝癌肿瘤微环境中作用及机制的研究现状与潜在的治疗意义作一综述,为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路。     

Hedgehog/GLI与胃癌的研究进展与现状

刺猬/胶质母细胞瘤相关蛋白(相关癌基因同源物)(hedgehog/glioblastoma-interrelated-protein,Hh/GLI)是一个重要的信号通路.现已在多种癌症研究中得到证实,突变或失调的Hh信号可能为干扰肿瘤行为表型,导致多种癌症的发生.异常激活的Hh通路赋予肿瘤细胞发生、增殖和迁移的倾向.近几年又研究发现Hh信号通路诱导胃癌(gastric cancer, GC)侵袭和上皮间质转化.本文就Hh/GLI与GC相关的研究进展与现状作一评述.揭开GC发生的新面纱,将为Hh/GIL靶向治疗GC开辟了新途径.     

Hedgehog信号通路在Barrett食管发病机制中的研究进展

Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在脊椎动物体内具有高度进化保守性,其过度活化可引起细胞分化异常、过度增殖、抗凋亡以及促进肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移。Hh通路参与维持正常早期胚胎食管柱状上皮的形成,而在成体食管鳞状上皮中不表达或微弱表达。有研究证实胃酸和胆汁酸盐可激活食管上皮Hh通路。异常激活的Hh通路可引起正常食管鳞状上皮逐步转化为柱状上皮和肠上皮,并最终诱导Barrett食管(BE)形成。因此,靶向作用于Hh通路的抑制剂有望成为治疗BE的新策略。本文就Hh信号通路在BE发病机制中的研究进展作一综述。     

Hedgehog信号通路在胰腺癌中的研究进展

Hedgehog（Hh）信号通路在正常人类胚胎发育及胚胎形成后细胞的分化过程中发挥着重要的作用。研究表明，Hh信号通路异常激活与胰腺癌的发生、发展密切相关。深入探讨Hh信号通路转导机制及其与胰腺癌的关系，有望为胰腺癌的早期诊断和分子靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在肝癌发病机制中作用的研究

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路也称Wnt经典信号通路,参与调控细胞分化、癌变、凋亡及机体免疫、应激等多种病理生理过程。有研究表明Wnt信号通路与肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的发生相关。深入研究Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在肝癌发病中的作用,将有助于进一步揭示肝癌的发病机制,为肝癌的防治提供新的可能途径及干预靶点。     

Hedgehog通路与胰腺癌相关性研究进展

Hedgehog(Hh)信号转导通路在胚胎发育的过程中发挥重要作用,控制着细胞的增殖和分化,随着近年的深入研究,该信号通路的异常激活对人胰腺癌的发生和恶性生物学特性的维持极为重要。此文就Hh通路与胰腺癌的相关性研究作一综述。     

Hedgehog信号通路与胰腺癌

胰腺癌是人类最难治愈的致死性恶性疾病之一,5年生存率不到5％,在美国,胰腺癌居癌症相关死亡的第四位.造成临床预后较差的部分原因是胰腺癌发生、发展过程中的机制尚未完全清楚.Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路是胚胎发育的主要调控子,其产物控制细胞分化、组织成形和细胞增殖.在成人正常组织中Hh信号通路已无表达或低表达.近年来,研究发现在胰腺癌中Hh信号通路异常是普遍存在的,100％胰腺癌存在Hh信号通路相关分子的基因突变[1].本文就Hh信号通路的异常激活与胰腺癌的关系做一综述.     

Patched-1和Gli-1在尖锐湿疣皮损中的表达及意义

目的探讨Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在尖锐湿疣皮损中的表达及意义。方法通过免疫组化方法检测尖锐湿疣皮损和正常皮肤中Hh信号通路分子Patched-1和Gli-1表达的情况。结果尖锐湿疣患者皮损中Patched-1和Gli-1阳性表达均明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Patched-1和Gli-1在尖锐湿疣患者皮损表达升高,提示Hh信号通路可能参与尖锐湿疣的发病过程。     

Hedgehog信号通路在肝细胞癌发生发展中作用的研究进展

肝细胞癌（HCC）起病隐匿，早期症状不典型，大多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期，通常失去了手术治疗的机会。迄今为止，HCC的发病机制仍不十分清楚，普遍认为与多种信号通路的异常激活或抑制有关。Hedgehog信号通路是一条非常经典的细胞信号传导通路，在胚胎发育和组织维持、更新、再生过程中发挥关键作用。在HCC中Hedgehog信号通路异常激活，其异常激活可通过调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移等生物学行为，从而促进肿瘤的发生、发展，并且针对Hedgehog信号通路的靶向治疗有可能成为HCC新的治疗策略。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。