64层螺旋CT正常上尿路造影：腹带加压、增加延迟时间及大量饮水对显影的价值

目的:通过比较64层螺旋CT泌尿系统造影,几种方法对正常上尿路显影的效果,探讨最佳显影方法.方法:76例泌尿系统正常者,随机采用以下延迟扫描方法:5M(minute,M)延迟、腹带加压、8M延迟,大量饮水,上尿路分为5段(肾盏,肾盂,近、中、远段输尿管),对每段显影程度予以评分,采用SPSS11.0统计软件行方差分析.结果:①各组对肾盂显影评分无显著差异;②腹带加压对近段输尿管显影显著优于5M组.8M组对输尿管的显影显著优于5M,对中段输尿管的显影显著优于腹带加压.大量饮水对肾盏、输尿管的显影显著优于5M,对肾盏显著优于腹带加压.但8M组与大量饮水的差异无显著性.结论:腹带加压对上尿路显影效果有限,且禁忌症较多不宜使用.8M及大量饮水显影效果较好、简单易行,尤其是增加延迟时间较为安全宜推广应用.     

64层螺旋CT正常上尿路造影：俯卧位、呋塞米对显影的价值

目的：通过比较64层螺旋CT泌尿系统造影,几种方法对正常上尿路显影的效果,探讨俯卧位及静脉注射呋塞米对显影的价值。方法：57例泌尿系统正常样本,随机采用以下延迟方法：大量饮水仰卧位,大量饮水俯卧位,注射呋塞米。上尿路分为5段（肾盏,肾盂,近、中、远段输尿管）,对每段显影程度予以评分,采用SPSS 11.0统计软件行方差分析。结果：①饮水俯卧位仅对中段输尿管的显影评分优于仰卧位,但无显著性;②呋塞米组各段几乎全部显影,对中段输尿管的显影显著优于饮水仰卧位,与俯卧位无显著性差异,对远段输尿管的显影显著优于饮水（仰卧、俯卧位）组。结论：与仰卧位相比俯卧位可以提高中段输尿管的显影,但价值有限。静脉注射小剂量呋塞米的显影效果最佳,可临床推广应用。     

利尿剂与非利尿剂CT尿路造影的应用价值

目的:对比分析利尿剂与非利尿剂CT尿路造影(CTU)对尿路系统的显示效果并探讨利尿剂CTU的应用价值.材料和方法:随机将观察对象分成使用利尿剂组和未使用利尿剂组,然后进行CTU检查与图像后处理,获得三维容积显示(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和二维曲面重建(CPR)图像,并对图像中尿路解剖结构与连续性状况的显示效果和尿路的充盈程度进行对比分析.结果:利尿剂CTU组的VR和MIP图像中的尿路显示效果均优于非利尿剂CTU,尿路充盈程度也优于非利尿剂CTU组;CPR能够弥补VR和MIP对尿路连续性状况显示欠佳的不足,提高尿路的总体显示效果.结论:利尿剂CTU对尿路系统的总体显示效果好,具有较好的应用价值;对不宜使用利尿剂的患者,CPR有利于提高尿路系统的总体显示效果.     

MRU及排泄性三维对比增强MRU在上尿路显像中的对比研究

目的对比研究磁共振尿路造影(MRU)及三维对比增强磁共振尿路造影(3D-ceMRU)对上尿路显影能力的差别。资料与方法正常上尿路40侧,中度积水扩张上尿路16侧,重度积水扩张上尿路22侧皆行MRU及3D-ceMRU检查。对肾盏、肾盂及上、中、下段输尿管5个部分的两种扫描方式的图像质量分别进行评分。评分结果进行统计分析。结果正常肾盏及下段输尿管、中度积水扩张的上尿路、重度积水扩张的输尿管的MRU和3D-ceMRU图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常肾盂及上、中段输尿管、重度积水扩张的肾盂、肾盏的MRU和3D-ceMRU图像质量评分差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。结论 3D-ceMRU能较好地显示正常及轻度扩张的上尿路,而MRU能较好地显示重度积水扩张的上尿路。两种方法均能较好地显示中度积水扩张的上尿路。     

多层螺旋CT在评价血尿原因中的应用价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT尿路造影(MDCTU)在评价血尿原因中的应用价值.资料与方法 对48例血尿患者行MDCTU检查和图像三维重组,重组方式包括容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)和曲面重组(CPR),并对其重组图像进行综合评估.然后将尿路系统分为梗阻组和非梗阻组,分别对其重组图像中的尿路解剖结构和尿路连贯性的显示效果进行对比分析.结果 VR与MIP图像的显示效果依赖于管腔内对比剂充盈情况,MPR及CPR图像不依赖于管腔内对比剂充盈情况,两组间CPR对尿路连贯性的显示效果以及对尿路解剖结构的显示效果差异均无统计学意义,CPR的应用弥补了VR和MIP的不足,使整体观察效果得到了明显提高并有助于诊断.MDCTU的诊断准确率为97.8%(44/45).结论 MDCTU的图像质量好,对血尿原因的综合评价能力较强,在泌尿系统疾病检查中具有较好的应用价值和推广价值,当尿路有梗阻、肾功能差或输尿管收缩时,CPR有助于影像学诊断.     

单能量成像联合自适应迭代重建技术对能谱CT腹部增强扫描图像质量的优化研究

目的 探讨能谱CT虚拟单能量成像(VMS)联合自适应迭代重建(ASiR)技术,在双期腹部增强CT扫描中的应用价值.方法 搜集行能谱CT动脉期和静脉期腹部增强扫描的80例患者,其中研究组40例行80/140kVp能谱CT扫描模式,对照组40例采用120 kVp常规CT扫描模式,分别使用滤波反投影技术(FBP)和ASiR对图像进行重建,得到最佳70 keV VMS-FBP(A组)、70 keV VMS-ASiR(B组)、120 kVp-FBP(C组)、120 kVp-ASiR(D组)重建图像.对4组图像质量进行评分,并采用秩和检验;采用方差分析比较4组重组后图像在动脉期和静脉期各解剖部位的信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR);采用t检验比较研究组和对照组的辐射剂量.结果 实验组和对照组患者的有效辐射剂量分别为(3.80±0.30) mSv和(4.84 ±0.33)mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=69.21,P=0.00),实验组较对照组下降了21.5％.在动脉期及静脉期,4组比较图像噪声评分、解剖细节评分、图像伪影评分及总体图像质量评分差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中B组高于其他3组,A组高于C组及D组,C组及D组间比较差异无统计学意义.4组图像的CT值、CNR和SNR差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中,B组在肝脏、胰腺、肾脏、腹主动脉、门静脉及脂肪组织的CT值最高;A组图像在主动脉测量的CT值较C、D两组高,而在肝脏、胰腺、肾脏等实质性脏器的CT值,与C、D两组差异无统计学意义;D组门静脉及脂肪组织的CT值高于C组.B组的SNR和CNR均优于其他三组,A组优于C、D组,D组优于C组.结论 与120 kVp常规CT扫描模式相比,70 keV VMS图像能够得到较好的图像质量,联合ASiR重建技术可以进一步降低腹部增强扫描的图像噪声,提高图像质量,降低辐射剂量.     

低剂量对比剂CTU的可行性研究

目的探讨采用低剂量对比剂64排螺旋CT尿路造影(CTU)显示尿路结构的可行性。资料与方法将60例临床拟诊泌尿系病变患者分成3个使用不同剂量对比剂组(2.0 ml/kg体重、1.5 ml/kg体重、1.0 ml/kg体重),每组20例,然后行64排螺旋CTU检查与图像后处理,获得三维容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和二维曲面重组(CPR)图像,并对图像中尿路解剖结构与连续性状况的显示效果和尿路的充盈程度进行对比分析。结果不同对比剂剂量组间CTU解剖结构显示效果的差异无统计学意义,不同对比剂剂量组间CTU图像尿路连续性评分差异无统计学意义,不同对比剂剂量组间排泄期输尿管测量的最大管径值差异无明显统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论采用低剂量对比剂64排螺旋CTU显示尿路结构具有可行性。     

重建算法对低剂量肺部CT图像质量和诊断的影响

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT低剂量肺部扫描骨、肺、标准和软组织重建算法对图像质量和影像诊断的影响.方法:使用GE Light Speed Ultra 8层螺旋CT对61例病人进行肺部扫描,将病人随机分为常规剂量组(对照组)和低剂量组(实验组).两组分别采用120kV、200mA和120kV、30mA进行扫描.120kV、200mA图像采用标准算法、肺算法进行图像重建,获得A、B两组图像.120kV、30mA图像依次采用软组织算法、标准算法、肺算法、骨算法进行重建,分别获得C、D、E、F四组图像.A、B、C、D、E和F六组图像质量之间的比较运用单向方差分析.A、c、D、E和F组诊断符合率之间的比较,运用γ2检验中的Fisher确切概率法进行检验.结果:A、B、c、D、E、F六组图像质量评分分别为(4.26±0.68)、(4.27 ±0.64)、(3.48 ±0.86)、(3.48±0.79)、(2.93±1.17)(3.54 ±0.96).组间差异有统计学意义(F=28.96,P<0.05),其中A、B两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.428>0.05),但A、8组分别与C、D、E、F组之间存在差异(P<0.01),并且图像质量高于后者.E组与A、B、c、D、F组之间存在差异(P<0.01),图像质量较低.C、D、F三组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A、C、D、E、F组诊断率符合分别为98%、94%、96.6%、86.7%、98%.A组与E组诊断符合率存在差异(P<0.05),A组与C、D、F组之间诊断符合率差异无统计学意义.结论:多层螺旋CT肺部120kV、30mA低剂量扫描图像质量虽然有所降低,但运用骨、标准和软组织重建算法处理后,图像质量可以满足诊断需求.     

256排CT ASIR-V权重比的变化对冠状动脉CTA图像质量及辐射剂量的研究

目的 运用全模型实时迭代重建技术(ASIR-V),通过改变其权重比观察冠状动脉CTA辐射剂量及图像质量的变化。方法 选取2018年12月～2019年11月在我院行冠状动脉CTA的患者121例,按ASIR-V 50%、60%、70%、80%(A、B、C、D)进行扫描。扫描结束后记录有效剂量,并对四组CT原始横断面图像进行主、客观评价分析。结果 1)有效剂量ED与ASIR-V权重呈负相关关系(rs <0); 2)四组间信噪比SNR:B、C、D组显著大于A组,且在B组时明显增大;对比噪声比CNR:D组显著高于A组;噪声BN在A组时最大; 3)图像质量主观评分,整体比较有差异,B组时评分最高,D组时评分最低。结论 使用ASIR-V 60%进行图像重建可在图像质量和辐射剂量间取得最佳平衡点。     

低张利尿剂对多层螺旋CT输尿管曲面重组的价值

目的 探讨使用低张、利尿药物后多层螺旋CT(MSCT)非增强扫描曲面重组(CPR)对输尿管病变的诊断价值.资料与方法 搜集2006年2月至2007年10月行尿路MSCT扫描患者124例,随机分成2组,即常规平扫(A组)52例,男32例,女20例,平均42.8岁;注射低张利尿药物后扫描(B组)72例,男性44例,女性28例,平均37.6岁.Toshiba Aqulion 16层螺旋CT机,1.0×16准直宽度,螺距1.0,一次屏气后从.肾上极扫描至耻骨联合上缘.层厚/间隔l mm/0.8 mm重组,在Vitra 2后处理工作站上以横断面为参考平面,在冠状面或矢状面上做输尿管CPR.分别统计各组的两侧输尿管显示优良率,SPLM 3.0统计软件处理,秩和检验, α=0.05,P<0.05.结果 A、B组间按Wilcoxon等级资料比较,u=4.478(界值2.58),P<0.01,低张利尿后MSCT平扫后的输尿管CPR优良率明显高于未予低张利尿组.A组内患健侧比较,gruskal-Wallis法:Hc=2.179,P<0.05(界值1.96),差异有统计学意义.B组内患健侧比较,Hc=7.441,P=0.0242>0.05(界值1.96),差异无统计学意义.结论 使用低张利尿剂后进行MSCT扫描CPR的方法能清楚地显示全程输尿管,是一种简单省时、相对禁忌证少、患者无痛苦、可重复使用的较佳检查方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）