基于不同区域ADC值和1H-MRS代谢物比值鉴别胶质母细胞瘤与原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤

【摘要】目的：探讨基于不同区域表观扩散系数（ADC）值和磁共振波谱（MRS）代谢物比值鉴别诊断胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）与原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的27例GBM和15例PCNSL患者的影像资料,分别测量肿瘤实质区和瘤周水肿区的ADC值和MRS代谢物比值。根据数据是否符合正态分布,采用两样本独立t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较GBM组与PCNSL组肿瘤不同区域ADC值及MRS代谢物比值的差异。对组间差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）的参数采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其对GBM与PCNSL的鉴别诊断效能。结果：肿瘤实质区ADC值（ADC*）、瘤周水肿区ADC值（ADC#）、肿瘤实质区Cho/NAA（Cho/NAA*）、肿瘤实质区NAA/Cr（NAA/Cr*）、瘤周水肿区NAA/Cr（NAA/Cr#）在GBM组与PCNSL组之间的差异均具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果表明基于肿瘤实质区Cho/NAA比值（Cho/NAA*）是鉴别GBM与PCNSL的最佳参数,ROC曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度和截断值分别为0.820、92.6%、60.0%和＞2.28。结论：肿瘤实质区、瘤周水肿区ADC值和MRS代谢物比值能够有效鉴别GBM与PCNSL,有助于临床医生制定治疗方案。     

高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤的磁共振波谱及灌注成像研究

目的通过磁共振波谱(MRS)及灌注成像(PI)研究肿瘤强化区域、肿瘤周围区域的细胞代谢和血管分布特点,探讨MRS及PI对高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法23例颅内肿瘤患者,包括高级别胶质瘤(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)13例,转移瘤10例,行常规MRI、PI和单体素MRS检查。MRS检查主要观察的代谢物有:氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA),胆碱(Cho),肌酸(Cr/PCr),计算NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,NAA/Cho比值。PI观察指标为相对脑血容量(rCBV)。采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果MRS提示高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域均出现NAA/Cr与NAA/Cho降低,Cho/Cr升高;两种肿瘤强化区域各项比值之间的比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);高级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围组织亦出现NAA/Cr与NAA/Cho降低,Cho/Cr升高,与转移瘤肿瘤周围组织相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域的rCBV值分别为4.05±2.04,3.84±2.44,两者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肿瘤周围组织的rCBV值分别为1.31±0.14,0.56±0.22,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结合肿瘤强化区域与肿瘤周围区域的MRS和PI,有助于提高对高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤的鉴别能力。     

颅内胶质瘤和转移瘤的磁共振波谱和弥散成像研究

目的:探讨颅内胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域和肿瘤周围区域的1H-MRS和弥散成像特点及其对于鉴别诊断的意义。方法:34例颅内肿瘤患者(其中低级别胶质瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级10例,高级别胶质瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级13例,转移瘤11例)均行常规MRI,DWI,多体素MRS检查。DWI的观察指标是ADC值;MRS主要观察的代谢物有:氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA),胆碱复合物(Cho),肌酸(Cr/PCr),计算NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,NAA/Cho比值。采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学比较。结果:①DWI的检查结果:低级别胶质瘤肿瘤强化区域的ADC值较另外两者高,且有统计学意义;高级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围区域的ADC值最低,与另外两者有显著差异。其余之间没有统计学意义;②MRS的检查结果:高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤肿瘤强化区域各比值之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),且二者与低级别胶质瘤相比有显著差异性(P<0.05);高级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围组织出现NAA/Cr与NAA/Cho降低,Cho/Cr升高,且与转移瘤和低级别胶质瘤肿瘤周围组织相比均有显著差异性(P<0.05)。结论:结合肿瘤强化区域与肿瘤周围区域的磁共振波谱和DWI可以对胶质瘤和转移瘤起到鉴别诊断作用。     

多体素1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤与脑脓肿鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 评价多体素MRS在脑胶质瘤与脑脓肿诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集16例脑内占位病例,10例胶质瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级7例,Ⅱ级3例,按照WHO分级标准,均经手术病理证实)、6例脑炎脑脓肿(均经手术病理或穿刺活检证实),所有患者均行MRI常规检查和多体素MRS检查.测量病灶区及对侧正常区的Cho、Cho/NAA,并计算Cho-norm(标准化Cho:病灶区Cho/正常对侧区Cho).结果 10例胶质瘤瘤体Cho/NAA高于对侧正常区,差异有统计学意义;6例脑炎脑脓肿病灶Cho/NAA高于对侧正常区,差异有统计学意义;胶质瘤瘤体Cho/NAA高于脑炎脑脓肿病灶区,然而P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义;胶质瘤瘤体Cho-norm高于脑炎脑脓肿病灶区,差异有统计学意义.结论 多体素MRS中Cho-norm能够帮助鉴别脑胶质瘤及脑炎脑脓肿,从而制订最佳治疗方案.     

多体素1H - MRS在脑肿瘤强化周围区域中的临床应用

目的探讨多体素1H磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)在颅脑肿瘤强化周围区的代谢物改变特点及其鉴别诊断意义。方法脑肿瘤患者35例,多体素1H-MRS采集NAA、Cho、Cr、Lac、L ip、m I和A la峰,分别计算星形细胞瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤的肿瘤强化区、强化周围区和正常参照区域的代谢物浓度,计算不同脑肿瘤、同种脑肿瘤不同区域及高、低级胶质瘤各代谢物比值平均值,比较统计学差异,记录Lac、L ip、m I和A la是否出现。结果肿瘤强化区NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr平均值与正常参照区比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);共出现17例Lac峰、7例L ip峰、6例A la峰和6例m I峰;强化周围区,三者的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、NAA/nCr、Cho/NAA值具显著性差异;良、恶性胶质瘤间,NAA/Cho、NAA/nCr、Cho/Cr和Cho/nCho值具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论多体素1H-MRS对肿瘤强化周围区域的评价,有助于星形细胞瘤与脑转移瘤、脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断及浸润范围的划定。     

多体素~1H-MRS对星形细胞肿瘤边界诊断的研究

目的：探讨多体素^1H-MRS在星形细胞瘤边界诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：对20例经病理证实的星形胶质细胞瘤患者行多体素^1H-MRS检查,采集NAA、Cho、Cr等波峰,计算并比较肿瘤不同区域多种代谢物比值。结果：多体素^1H-MRS示肿瘤区、近侧瘤周区NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr平均值与参照区比较差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;高、低级星形细胞瘤间,多组代谢物比值差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：MRS示Ⅲ～Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤在肿瘤区边缘2cm范围代谢物比值仍和参照区差异有显著统计学意义,提示存在肿瘤浸润,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤在肿瘤区边缘1cm范围代谢物比值仍和参照区差异有显著统计学意义,提示存在肿瘤浸润。     

正常人小腿肌肉^1H-MRS成像参数及代谢物分析研究

目的：探讨不同回波时间（TE）及年龄增长对正常成年人肌肉组织代谢物含量的影响,为用该方法研究发生于或累及骨骼肌的病变提供正常参考数据。方法：对38例健康成年志愿者小腿比目鱼肌行单体素1H-MRS检查,TE分别为30ms1、35 ms和270ms,分析常见代谢物的种类、含量及相对含量。结果：在回波时间（TE）不同的三组^1H-MRS数据中,38例志愿者均获得比目鱼肌内Cho、Cr、Lip、Lip2、Cho/Cr、Lip/Cr、Lip2/Cr的波谱下面积积分值,TE=30ms时,Lip峰下面积随年龄增长而增加,不同年龄组间Lip、Lip/Cr含量差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;TE=135ms时,Lip峰下面积随年龄增长而增加,不同年龄组间Cho、Cr、Lip、Lip2、Lip/Cr、Lip/Cr含量差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;TE=270ms时MRS波谱形态不稳定,各物质的显示欠佳,未列入统计分析。结论：不同年龄及回波时间时,正常人比目鱼肌内1H-MRS谱线形态及常见代谢物的含量不同,为用1H-MRS研究骨骼肌病变以及其它可使骨骼肌受累的病变提供了基础数据和新的研究手段。     

肿瘤周围的~1H-MRS在常见颅脑肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨肿瘤周围的多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)在脑星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等颅内常见肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术、活检病理证实的颅脑肿瘤患者66例。其中低级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)19例,高级别星形细胞瘤(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)17例;脑转移瘤30例。采用美国GE公司3.0T MRI扫描仪对所有患者行颅脑常规MRI及1 H-MRS检查。检测、计算、分析肿瘤周围及健侧相应区域的生化代谢物及其比值,包括Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr及MI,同时进行加以比较对照。结果高级别星形细胞瘤的瘤周水肿区Cho/Cr比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤(P0.05);其Cho/NAA比值明显高于低级别星形细胞瘤及脑转移瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤瘤周NAA/Cr比值明显高于高级别星形细胞瘤(P0.05)。低级别星形细胞瘤与脑转移瘤比较各代谢物比值均无统计学意义。MI值各肿瘤间比较无统计学意义。结论肿瘤周围的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值对脑内低级别及高级别星形细胞瘤、脑转移瘤等的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

脑胶质瘤病的MRI及MRS研究

目的 :回顾性分析大脑胶质瘤病磁共振成像 (MRI)及磁共振波谱 (MRS)特点 ,以探讨两者对本病诊断的临床价值。方法 :综合 7例患者的临床表现、影像学特点及病理诊断 ,均符合大脑胶质瘤病诊断标准。常规行SE序列平扫及增强。其中 3例行MRS研究 ,二维多体素、点分辨法 (PRESS)、TE 14 4ms。结果 :所有病例均侵犯 2个脑叶或以上。病变区呈长T2 、稍长T1异常信号 ,受累区脑组织肿胀 ,占位效应轻。 3例增强扫描见小结节或片状强化 ,4例无明显强化。 3例MRS表现均有不同程度NAA降低 ,Cho上升 ,Cho/Cr和Cho/NAA的比值上升。结论 :MRI是目前诊断大脑胶质瘤病的首选影像学方法 ,MRS对于鉴别诊断有较大价值。     

2D CSI1H-MRS对不同类别脑肿瘤的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨二维化学位移氢质子磁共振波谱(2D CSI1H-MRS)对胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析经临床诊断或经手术病理证实的90例患者的MRI及MRS资料,包括胶质瘤45例,转移瘤23例,脑膜瘤22例.计算瘤体及瘤周水肿区的Cho、Cr、NAA的浓度及Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho的比值.结果 (1)胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤瘤体区的NAA/Cho分别为0.41±0.19、0.56±0.15、0.15±0.07,三组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤瘤周水肿区的Cho浓度分别为0.40 ±0.16、0.26±0.09、0.13±0.07,3组差异均有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),胶质瘤显著高于其他两者,当取Cho＞0.45时,MRS区分胶质瘤的特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83%、94%、77.3%、85.7%.结论 2D CSI1H-MRS对胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断有重要意义.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）