PFN治疗老年股骨粗隆周围骨折的临床体会

目的探讨应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的疗效。方法应用PFN治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折21例。其中股骨粗隆间骨折19例,按AO分型:A1型7例,A2型10例,A3型2例;股骨粗隆下骨折2例。结果21例经4~18个月随访,平均11个月,所有患者获得骨性愈合,畸形愈合2例,无感染及主钉断裂现象。根据Harris髋关节评分,优良率90%。结论PFN治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、应力分布分散、防旋转功能,可早期功能锻炼,其并发症可通过提高手术技术避免,是固定股骨粗隆周围骨折较理想的内固定物。     

微创内固定系统和髁支持钢板治疗成人股骨远端C型骨折的病例对照研究

目的 :总结应用微创内固定系统与股骨髁支持钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折的并发症和早期临床效果。方法:对2007年9月至2012年2月进行手术治疗并获得随访的46例股骨远端C型骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中25例行微创内固定系统固定,男14例,女11例,年龄(56.3±4.2)岁,C1型14例,C2型8例,C3型3例,住院时间(15.6±1.7)d;21例行股骨髁支持钢板内固定,男12例,女9例,年龄(53.8±5.1)岁,C1型13例,C2型6例,C3型2例,平均住院时间(17.8±2.2)d。从手术相关指标、术后并发症情况及患侧膝关节功能评分3个方面对两种治疗方法进行比较分析。结果:46例患者均获随访,时间13~38个月,平均19.6个月。1例感染,3例内固定松动,1例骨折不愈合,1例患膝关节活动受限。两组患者切口长度、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而手术时间、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),末次随访的Evanich评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端C型骨折具有创伤小、骨折愈合快及功能恢复好等特点,是治疗股骨远端C型骨折的理想内固定之一。     

自锁型带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨多段骨折

目的探讨应用自锁型带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨多段粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法2001年3月～2004年8月采用自锁型带锁髓钉治疗38例股骨、胫骨多段粉碎性骨折患者,其中股骨13例,胫骨25例,按照AO分型均为C2型；闭合性骨折17例,开放性骨折21例。结果35例患者获1～3年(平均2年)随访。所有患者均获骨性愈合,其中30例患者骨折愈合(85．7%),5例患者延迟愈合(14．2%),骨折愈合时间平均为18周(11～25周)。未见骨折畸形愈合。并发症：1例锁钉断裂,3例浅表感染,2例局部皮肤坏死,1例骨感染。结论自锁型带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨多段骨折,固定坚强、骨折愈合率高,是一种较好的内固定方法。     

髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败的中期疗效观察

目的评价髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败的中期临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年8月,在西南医科大学附属医院接受髋关节置换术治疗的老年髋部骨折内固定失败的41例患者资料,其中男19例,女22例;髋部骨折类型:股骨颈骨折24例,股骨转子间骨折17例。受伤原因:摔伤24例,交通车祸伤12例,坠落伤5例。内固定方式:空心螺钉内固定19例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定18例,股骨近端钢板内固定4例。初次内固定术时年龄51~85岁,平均68.6岁。内固定失败原因:股骨头坏死24例,骨折不愈合内固定移位切出12例,创伤性关节炎5例。从内固定术到髋关节置换术时间为6~38个月,平均为15.4个月。髋关节置换术前患髋Harris评分为21~48分,平均(35.4±6.5)分。采用生物型全髋关节置换术21例,骨水泥型全髋关节置换术13例,非骨水泥型半髋置换术3例,骨水泥型半髋置换术4例;其中采用标准股骨柄27例,加长型股骨柄14例。结果 1例患者术后3d死亡,1例出现切口浅表感染,经再次清创缝合后愈合。36例患者获随访,随访时间1.5~6.0年,平均为3.8年。末次随访时患髋Harris评分为51~96分,平均(82.6±4.3)分。有1例出现假体周围骨折并再次手术;1例出现假体松动下沉,患髋中度疼痛。结论髋关节置换术是治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败后的一种有效挽救关节功能的治疗方式,中期并发症少,临床效果满意。     

AO微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折

目的采用AO微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折短期的疗效。方法我院自2003年5月至2007年3月应用微创内固定系统治疗21例股骨远端骨折,男12例,女9例;年龄21-53岁,平均33.5岁。左侧14例,右侧7例,根据AO分型,A型13例,其中A1型8例,A3型5例;C型8例,C1型7例,C2型1例。结果 21例骨折均得到随访,随访时间14-72个月,平均32个月。根据Shelboume膝关节功能评分标准予以评价,优12例,良8例,可1例,优良率95.3%。结论微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折具有膝关节功能恢复好、手术创伤小、生物力学固定牢靠等优点,是治疗股骨远端骨折的有效方法之一。     

采用长解剖型锁定钢板插入技术内固定治疗同侧股骨干骺端及骨干骨折21例

目的探讨采用长干骺端解剖型锁定钢板插入技术内固定治疗同侧股骨干骺端及骨干骨折的特点及疗效。方法自2007—06--2012—06采用长干骺端解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗21例同侧股骨干骺端及骨干骨折。其中股骨近端合并股骨干骨折14例,股骨远端合并股骨干骨折7例。术中根据骨折部位选择干骺端切口。在股骨干骺端切口放置长干骺端解剖型锁定钢板,固定好干骺端骨折后,再作有限切口复位股骨干骨折。结果本组均获得随访1～3年,平均1．7年。股骨近端合并股骨干骨折骨愈合时间平均（27．21±7．58）周,股骨远端合并股骨干骨折愈合时间平均（24．71±7．64）周,均无钢板、螺钉断裂。1例开放性股骨远端合并股骨干骨折因感染延迟愈合,出现膝关节强直畸形。14例髋关节功能根据Majeed功能评分标准评定：优9例,平均（89．78±2．73）分;良3例,平均（79．00±4．36）分;可2例,平均（63．00±1．41）分。7例膝关节功能按Kolmert标准评定：优4例,良2例,可1例。结论采用较长的解剖型锁定钢板作为内固定材料手术治疗同侧股骨干骺端及骨干骨折是较好的选择。其特点有：①用1种内固定材料固定2个部位骨折,不剥离骨膜,有利于骨折愈合;②锁定螺钉固定后,成为一种角度固定的钢板,集合了钢板内固定和外固定架的优点;③采用有限切口可减少创伤、降低出血量、缩短住院时间。     

儿童髋部锁定加压钢板固定治疗学龄儿童股骨转子下骨折

[目的]探讨儿童髋部锁定加压钢板固定治疗学龄儿童股骨转子下骨折的疗效。[方法]2010年1月~2012年1月采用有限切开复位、儿童髋部锁定加压钢板固定治疗学龄儿童股骨转子下骨折16例。男12例,女4例;年龄8~13.8岁,平均11.6岁。根据Seinsheimer骨折分型:ⅡA型1例,ⅡB型4例,ⅡC型3例,ⅢA型4例,ⅢB型2例,Ⅳ型2例。[结果]所有患儿均获随访,随访时间18~42个月,平均29个月;骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间10~19周,平均12.7周。根据Sanders评分系统对髋关节功能评分:优14例(87.5%),良2例(12.5%),优良率100%。伤侧肢体过度生长3~9 mm,平均5mm。切口浅表感染及内固定物取出困难各1例,未出现断钉、内固定松动及继发骨折移位,无骨折迟延愈合、不愈合、畸形愈合及内置物取出后再骨折,无髋内外翻畸形、肢体旋转畸形及股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。[结论]儿童髋部锁定加压钢板固定治疗学龄儿童股骨转子下骨折具有复位良好,固定稳定,并发症少,术后可早期行关节功能练习等优点,是一种有效的内固定方法。     

PFN内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的研究分析PFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法采用经髓内固定的PFN钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折。本组病例30例,男12例,女18例;平均年龄62.5岁(52~89岁)。骨折分型按T ronzo分型,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型10例,Ⅴ型3例。结果平均随访14个月(6个月~26个月),骨折愈合率100%。患肢短缩、髋内翻各2例(13.3%),无术后感染和术后近期死亡,功能优良率为86.7%。30例中仅3例输血200~400 mL。结论PFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有固定可靠、可早期活动、损伤小、出血少、不输血等优点,对T ronzoⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折较为适宜。     

形状记忆锯齿臂环抱内固定器治疗股骨假体周围骨折

目的总结采用形状记忆锯齿臂环抱内固定器治疗股骨假体周围骨折的临床效果。方法自1994年以来应用上海第二医科大学附属第九人民医院设计和研制的形状记忆锯齿臂环抱内固定器在7所医院中治疗股骨假体周围骨折患者21例。男12例,女9例;年龄42~83岁,平均57.8岁。其中18例骨折发生于术后2周~10年,为斜形、螺旋形或粉碎性骨折,骨折线位于小转子至假体柄末端以远5cm区域内。另外3例为翻修病例,分别是术中骨折和长节段截骨。21例患者,除1例为“Z”形股骨截骨外,其余20例中JohannsonⅠ型4例、Ⅱ型9例、Ⅲ型7例,均为完全骨折并有移位。术中将环抱器在冰水中降温至4~7℃,撑开环抱臂,于骨折复位后将环抱器体部置于张力侧,热敷后锯齿臂因记忆效应而收拢,紧抱股骨而获得牢固固定。结果手术过程均顺利。固定后骨折部稳定,术后不需要外固定,有4例术后进行了2周的皮肤牵引,术后2~4周可下床扶双拐行走。术后随访1~7年,平均4年,骨折无移位,均获良好愈合,功能恢复到术前状态。结论对股骨假体周围骨折,形状记忆锯齿臂环抱内固定器安装方便,固定可靠,可作为首选治疗方法。     

动力髋螺钉治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定钢板治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法1997年1月~2003年12月采用动力髋螺钉内固定治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者43例,其中EvansⅢA型25例,E-vansⅢB型18例;年龄65~83岁,平均71岁。所有病例均在C型臂X线机透视下行135°DHS内固定手术,术后第2d起逐渐进行股四头肌等长收缩锻炼,术后1周用CPM机行髋、膝、踝关节的被动活动。结果术后随访6~38个月,平均18个月。所有骨折全部愈合,愈合时间4~9个月,平均6.5个月,1例术后出现浅表感染,经局部换药伤口愈合,无伤口深部感染及骨髓炎发生。1例EvansⅢB型患者发生髋内翻,无肢体短缩等畸形愈合,无神经损伤、内固定物松动、脱位发生;按疗效标准评定:优27例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率90.7%。结论DHS内固定是治疗老年不稳定性股骨转子间骨折有效方法。术中尽可能恢复股骨转子后内侧皮质的完整性、标准的DHS固定位置及术后加强功能锻炼是取得良好效果的关键。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.