复发性肢体骨巨细胞瘤的临床诊治策略

[目的]探讨复发性肢体骨巨细胞瘤的临床、影像学特点以及不同治疗方法及临床疗效.[方法]自1995年1月～2009年1月治疗29例复发性骨巨细胞瘤,男15例,女14例;复发时平均年龄32.4岁(13～56)岁;股骨远端和胫骨近端各12例,肱骨近端2例,股骨近端、尺骨远端、腓骨近端各1例.首次手术方式与例数:肿瘤刮除植骨26例,瘤段切除骨缺损修复术2例,单纯腓骨近端切除术1例.复发平均时间26.6个月(1～168)个月.再次手术方式与例数:瘤段切除骨缺损修复重建术17例(假体置换14例,自体骨移植2例,灭活再植1例);肿瘤扩大刮除瘤腔灭活骨修复术7例(植骨4例,骨水泥填充内固定3例),肿瘤扩大切除术3例;截肢术2例.[结果]随访时间24～180个月,平均70个月.2例再次复发;总再复发率为6.9％,肿瘤切除骨缺损修复组无复发,病灶内手术组中1例复发(1/7,14.29％),局部扩大切除术组1例复发(1/3,33.33％).随访期内2例死亡(1例死于非肿瘤原因).病灶内手术组肢体功能优良率为100％,瘤段切除骨缺损修复组为73.33％.综合临床疗效评价病灶内手术优良率为85.71％.肿瘤切除骨缺损修复组为66.67％.[结论]骨巨细胞瘤术后定期随访对于早期诊断肿瘤复发至关重要;一旦复发诊断明确,尽管存在再次复发的风险,应首选瘤灶内手术;对放射学Companacci Ⅲ级的复发性骨巨细胞瘤可选择瘤段切除骨缺损重建手术治疗,但存在一定的远期并发症.     

瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术用于膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的疗效观察

[目的]比较观察瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术两种肿瘤切除方式用于膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的疗效,探讨膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床特点和肿瘤切除方式对预后的影响.[方法]根据肿瘤部位和破坏大小分别选择瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术两种手术方法治疗43例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤,35例采用瘤体刮除植骨术,8例采用瘤大块切除重建术(人工关节置换、大块异体骨移植).随访比较观察两组患者的术后并发症、肿瘤复发、肢体功能等疗效情况.[结果]两组术后并发症发生率,差异有显著统计学意义,P＜0.01;两组Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后功能评分结果比较,差异有显著统计学意义,P＜0.01;两组间术后局部肿瘤复发率,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;肿瘤复发与Jaffe组织病理学分级和X线Campanacci分期呈正相关系,P＜0.05.[结论]对膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤应根据肿瘤部位及其破坏的程度,分别选择瘤体刮除术或瘤大块切除术,而瘤体刮除术如能有效切除肿瘤又不影响骨支撑作用应作为膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤外科治疗的首选手术方式.     

膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的手术治疗

目的:回顾性分析膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤行手术治疗的病例,探讨骨巨细胞瘤手术病灶刮除与功能重建的方法与疗效。方法:膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤21例,男15例,女6例;年龄6～72岁,平均43岁。股骨下端骨巨细胞瘤14例,胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤7例。无症状偶然发现者2例,膝关节周围疼痛肿胀伴活动障碍者19例。除1例采用截肢术外,对8例儿童及青少年采用瘤体扩大刮除、灭活、植骨治疗;对12例18岁以上成年人采用肿瘤扩大刮除、灭活、植骨及骨水泥充填,钢板内固定治疗。结果:20例获随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均42个月。术后肿瘤复发3例,切口液化坏死1例。膝关节功能按李强一等标准评价:优11例,良6例,差3例。结论:对膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤采用肿瘤扩大刮除、灭活、植骨或骨水泥充填重建功能,降低了肿瘤的复发率,并最大程度地保留了肢体功能。     

保膝与假体置换治疗膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤比较

[目的]探讨瘤体刮除骨水泥填充保膝手术与瘤段切除肿瘤型假体置换治疗膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2010年2月～2018年3月本科手术治疗的30例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤患者.其中,17例采用瘤体刮除骨水泥填充治疗(保膝组),13例接受瘤段切除人工膝假体置换(置换组).比较两组临床资料,并探讨肿瘤复发的...     

酒精灭活瘤段骨复合假体治疗膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的中期随访研究

 目的 探计膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤整块切除,酒精灭活瘤段骨复合假体重建的手术技术及预后。方法 2007年1月至2008年10月,对8例膝关节周围Campanacci Ⅲ级骨巨细胞瘤患者采用肿瘤整块切除,酒精灭活瘤段骨复合假体重建,男5例,女3例;年龄20~40岁,平均31岁。股骨远端5例,胫骨近端3例。4例为原发肿瘤、余4例为复发病例,其中2例伴有病理性骨折。术后根据国际骨肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)“骨与软组织肿瘤术后功能重建的评估标准”进行肢体功能评估。根据国际保肢学会(International Society of Limb Salvage,ISOLS)影像评分标准(复合移植)进行影像学评估。结果 随访38~67个月,平均54个月,未出现复发、转移、假体松动等。灭活骨与宿主骨平均愈合时间5.5个月。随访末期,MSTS评分为25~29分,平均为26.3分(88%),ISOLS复合移植评分为28~35分,平均为32.8分 (88.5%)。1例术后3个月局部疼痛,X线片显示宿主骨-灭活骨有轻微骨吸收,非负重功能锻炼,术后6个月复查骨吸收消失。“爬行替代”可能是酒精灭活骨复合假体重建的主要骨愈合方式,股骨病例的愈合时间略快于胫骨病例。结论 对于膝关节周围Campanacci Ⅲ级骨巨细胞瘤,采用整块切除并酒精灭活瘤段骨复合假体重建可以取得满意的临床效果。     

骨水泥填充内固定联合二磷酸盐治疗邻膝关节骨巨细胞瘤

[目的]探讨采用病灶内肿瘤扩大刮除、骨水泥填充并钢板内固定联合二磷酸盐治疗邻膝关节骨巨细胞瘤的临床应用可行性.[方法]回顾分析2008年1月～2010年6月本科治疗的16例邻膝关节骨巨细胞瘤.男7例,女9例,平均年龄38岁(27～78岁).发病部位:股骨远端10例,胫骨近端6例.所有患者术前均经仔细评估确定肿瘤腔的完整性,术中仔细刮除肿瘤组织,应用磨钻及电刀处理瘤腔壁,骨水泥填充修复骨缺损,同时给予钢板内固定.术后均应用二膦酸盐类药物.[结果]本组患者全部获得随访,中位随访15个月,无局部复发及转移发生.参照Enneking肢体功能评分标准,本组患者平均得29分(27～30)分.复查X线片示所有患者内固定均牢靠,无软骨下骨骨折.[结论]对于膝关节周嗣骨巨细胞瘤可以选择病灶扩大刮除、骨水泥充填内固定联合二膦酸盐类药物治疗,该方法具有操作简单、肢体功能恢复理想、近期复发率低、病人易于接受等优点.远期疗效有待进一步观察.     

四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤手术治疗

目的比较不同手术方法治疗四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤的临床效果。方法回顾分析1998年11月至2006年4月手术治疗的37例四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤。结果37例患者均获得随访，随访时间8个月至7年2个月，平均2年11个月。病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充术21例，肿瘤复发3例；病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充植骨术12例，肿瘤复发3例；瘤段切除人工假体置换术4例，肿瘤复发0例。病灶刮除组总复发率18．2％，瘤段切除组织复发率为0。结论病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充术和肿瘤瘤段切除术均是治疗骨巨细胞瘤的可靠方法。     

原位微波灭活瘤段＋重建治疗骨巨细胞瘤的临床观察

目的应用微波原位灭活瘤段＋重建技术治疗骨巨细胞瘤,观察临床疗效和肢体功能。方法 2004年3月至2011年4月本组共应用此方法治疗32例骨巨细胞瘤患者,其中骨盆1例,股骨远端12例,胫骨近端10例,桡骨远端4例,肱骨近端3例,肱骨远端1例,跟骨1例。病理分级：Ⅰ级4例,Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级17例。术中边缘外分离肿瘤,原位插入微波针,控制性高温灭活瘤体,自体骨粒或骨水泥填充病灶腔隙,填充骨水泥和异体骨混合物,部分需行内固定,观察术后肿瘤复发和肢体功能评分。结果 32例患者皆得到随访,平均随访2年8个月。发现1例复发,1例感染,肢体关节功能评定：好者28例,可者4例,差者0例。结论原位微波灭活瘤段＋重建技术治疗骨巨细胞瘤可能降低了骨巨细胞瘤术后的复发,并保留较好的肢体功能。     

膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗进展

骨巨细胞瘤是一种具有局部侵袭性及溶骨性的交界性原发骨肿瘤,股骨远端及胫骨近端是最常见发生部位。该病好发于20～40岁人群,患者常主诉患肢疼痛、肿胀、无法负重。手术是治疗膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的主要手段,常见手术方式包括病灶内刮除及广泛切除。单纯病灶内刮除术后复发风险较高,联合各种辅助处理可有效降低术后复发率;广泛切除术后复发风险较低,但膝关节功能较差且并发症发生率增加。近年来涌现出许多针对该疾病的治疗方式,包括开发新型瘤腔填充材料、设计3D打印或个性化假体对瘤性骨缺损重建等。常用全身药物如双膦酸盐和地舒单抗的应用也为骨巨细胞瘤的治疗打开了新的局面。目前膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤仍是骨肿瘤领域的研究热点,本文就其外科治疗现状进行综述。     

天然型无机骨修复骨巨细胞瘤刮除术后骨缺损

目的　观察骨巨细胞瘤刮除术后采用天然型无机骨 (NNB)充填的临床结果。方法　 7例骨巨细胞瘤手术刮除内瘤腔 ,95 %乙醇灭活 ,充填块状NNB。结果　 7例患者术后 3～ 7个月均可下地行走 ,术后 4～ 8个月复查可见X线片中骨缺损充填处的方块状NNB间隙影消失 ,新生骨与NNB及周围骨壳融合 ,显示病灶愈合。术后随访 14～ 5 0个月 ,无肿瘤复发。结论　NNB作为一种新型的人体骨组织替代材料 ,是修复骨巨细胞瘤刮除术后骨缺损理想的充填材料     

Pelvic ramus fractures in the elderly

Background Whilst it is well known that fractures of the pelvic rami in the elderly are frequently associated with posterior ring injuries, the extent of this second injury is less well known. We evaluated this question by MRI scanning a group of elderly patients presenting at our unit with pelvic rami fractures.

Patients and methods We investigated 50 consecutive elderly patients (45 women) with fractures of the pelvic rami using an MRI scan of the pelvis in order to assess the competency of the pelvic ring.

Results On MRI, 45 (95% CI 42–48) patients had a sacral fracture. At 5-month follow-up, 39 (of 41 reviewed) still complained of posterior sacral tenderness.

Interpretation Pelvic rami fractures in the elderly are nearly always associated with posterior ring injuries. This probably explains why these patients take longer to rehabilitate than might be expected if only the anterior injury is considered, and it also explains why they experience long-term back pain.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ischium

Summary The treatment of a patient with an aneurysmal bone cyst involving the pelvis by selective arterial embolism is described. After one year pain relief is complete and radiologically the lesion is healing with increased density of the cyst wall and intracystic trabecular bone formation.

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Résumé Présentation de l'évolution clinique et radiologique d'un cas de kyste osseux anévrysmal localisé au bassin, traité par embolisation artérielle sélective. Radiologiquement la lésion paraît stabilisée, avec densification des parois et apparition de travées d'os nouveau à l'intérieur du kyste.Avec un an de recul, les douleurs ont complètement disparu.

     

削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期对合端骨不连的经验

目的探讨削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期骨不连的疗效和经验。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年6月应用骨搬运技术治疗的胫骨骨缺损患者,选取在骨搬运后期对合端未能顺利愈合的患者22例,行切开手术,清除骨端软组织卡压、清理硬化骨,削取对合端或延长段骨痂回植于胫骨对合端,使对合端最终骨性愈合。结果 22例患者术后获5~18个月(平均8个月)随访,其中18例削痂植骨术后顺利愈合,2例术后发生伤口感染,经清抗感染治疗,最终愈合;1例患者植骨吸收,经历再次植骨后愈合;1例患者途中外固定松动,导致骨折,更改为内固定+植骨,最终愈合;其余21例根据Paley等骨不连愈合评分标准评定结果:优18例,良1例,中1例,差1例,优良率为86.36%。结论胫骨骨搬运后期胫骨骨不连通过非手术方法不能愈合的患者,可尝试削取骨痂植骨的方治疗使对合端愈合。     

Bone microstructure at the distal tibia provides a strength advantage to males in late puberty: An HR‐pQCT study

Bone is a complex structure with many levels of organization. Advanced imaging tools such as high‐resolution (HR) peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provide the opportunity to investigate how components of bone microstructure differ between the sexes and across developmental periods. The aim of this study was to quantify the age‐ and sex‐related differences in bone microstructure and bone strength in adolescent males and females. We used HR‐pQCT (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical, Geneva, Switzerland) to assess total bone area (ToA), total bone density (ToD), trabecular bone density (TrD), cortical bone density (CoD), cortical thickness (Cort.Th), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular spacing standard deviation (Tb.Sp SD), and bone strength index (BSI, mg²/mm⁴) at the distal tibia in 133 females and 146 males (15 to 20 years of age). We used a general linear model to determine differences by age‐ and sex‐group and age × sex interactions (p < 0.05). Across age categories, ToD, CoD, Cort.Th, and BSI were significantly lower at 15 and 16 years compared with 17 to 18 and 19 to 20 years in males and females. There were no differences in ToA, TrD, and BV/TV across age for either sex. Between sexes, males had significantly greater ToA, TrD, Cort.Th, BV/TV, Tb.N, and BSI compared with females; CoD and Tb.Sp SD were significantly greater for females in every age category. Males' larger and denser bones confer a bone‐strength advantage from a young age compared with females. These structural differences could represent bones that are less able to withstand loads in compression in females. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

The bone histomorphometric study of the bone growth as revealed by scanning electron microscopy

The present study was made with a view to examining the availability of the SEM observation method for bone histomorphometry. On Wistar strain newborn rats, 3 segments for measurement, i.e. temporal segment, middle segment and sagittal segment were prepared in the central part of the parietal bone endocranial aspects, and the bone surfaces were observed by SEM up to the fifteenth day at intervals of five days from after birth to measure areal volumes of the resorbing bone surface, forming bone surface and intermediate surface and change in the number of osteocyte lacunae in the forming bone surface, using Zeiss IBAS 2000. The results revealed that the resorption process preceded the forming process for the temporal segment from about the tenth day, the forming process preceded the resorbing process from the fifth day for the middle segment and the forming process preceded from the beginning for the sagittal segment. These findings directly reflect an aspect of the growing process of parietal bone, making it possible to regard this SEM observation method as one of the effective approaches to the bone histomorphometry.     

Cem-OsteticTM人工骨浆修复掌骨缺损

目的C em-O steticTM人工骨浆为多种无机钙盐与纯净水混合物,观察C em-O steticTM人工骨浆修复掌骨缺损的临床疗效及不良反应。方法2004年1月至2004年4月对6例6处掌骨缺损进行修复,年龄20~32岁,平均26岁。骨缺损范围为0.2 cm×1 cm~0.5 cm×1 cm,均为陈旧性。缺损的部位为掌骨干中1/3,修整骨断端,断端露出正常骨质,骨缺损部位植入C em-O steticTM人工骨浆。结果手术均获成功,术后随访5~8个月,平均6个月。全部患者未见任何不良全身反应及局部反应,X线片显示固化后的C em-O steticTM人工骨浆与受区骨直接愈合,手术后测定血钙、磷值与术前对比无明显升高。结论C em-O steticTM人工骨浆适用于掌骨缺损修复。     

Use of frozen cranial vault bone allografts in the repair of extensive cranial bone defects

Summary In cranioplasty complexity is proportional to the size of the defect, particularly if greater than 50 cm². If the patient's own bone flap is not available, allogenic frozen bone graft can be used instead.Between June 1990 and June 1995 twenty cranioplasties with allogenic frozen bone grafts were performed. Age of patients ranged between 23 and 63 years (average 38.4 years). Male/female ratio was 2 1.7. Size of craniectomy ranged between 65 and 150 cm² (average 83.3 cm²). Follow-up ranged between 10 and 58 months (average 41 months).Donors were tested to rule out transmissible diseases, infections, sepsis and/or cancer. Bone grafts were removed under aseptic conditions, microbiological cultures were taken, wrapped in a gauze soaked with Gentamicin sulphate and Bacitracin, sealed in three sterilised vinyl plastic bags, and stored in a deep freezer for a minimum of 30 days (range 36–93 days, average 67 days), at a temperature of –80 °C.Grafts were placed in the defect after a step was carved on its borders to facilitate the contact between host and graft. Vancomycin 1 g. IV/12 hours and Ceftriaxone 1 g. IV/12 hours were administered for five days.Grafts were covered by means of scalp flaps. Only one required a musculocutaneous free flap. None was exposed, extruded or had to be removed.Plain skull X-ray studies showed progressive remodelling of the grafts. Partial resorption was observed in two (2/20, 10%) and loss of thickness in another 3/20 (15%), but with no changes in the contour.Biopsies were taken in 3/20 (15%) cases at a second surgical procedure. Areas of osteoclastic resorptive activity mixed with others of osteoblastic bone apposition, showed replacement with new bone.We conclude that cranial vault frozen allografts are a good alternative to autologous bone when the latter is absent or not present in sufficient amount.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone: case report

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are uncommon lesions of the temporal bone and their occurrence in the calvarium is rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: A case of a right temporal ABC is reported in a 14-year-old boy who presented swelling of the right temporal region. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a destructive and expansile bone lesion on the right anterior temporal and orbital bone. The lesion was removed in total by the right temporal craniotomy and orbitozygomatic osteotomy. ABC was diagnosed in the pathologic examination. The patient had good recovery during the postoperative course. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents the diagnosis and imaging of an ABC in the temporal bone. This localization is very rare for ABC. Total excision, if feasible, is the ideal treatment.     

Fractures of the Humerus from Muscular Violence

Biomechanical properties of intact rabbit tibio-fibulae were investigated with torsional loading 1 day to 36 weeks alter fixation using 4-hole stainless steel ASIF/DCP plates with and without compression.

During the first 12 weeks energy absorption and torque moment increased slightly as a result of subperiosteal new bone formation following application of the plates. There was a concomitant increase in the yielding properties of the bone, reflecting progressive porotic transformation. Thereafter, up to 36 weeks postoperatively, the values for energy absorption, torque moment and angular deformation gradually declined in both groups of bones. The differences between normal control bones and plated bones at 36 weeks were 70.1, 53.0 and 26.3 per cent, respectively. The decay of torsional strength was the same whether or not compression was used in the plate fixation.

The results suggest that even in normal bone rigid plates induce a considerable loss of strength due to the cancellous transformation they are known to cause in cortical bone.     

Cement penetration in the proximal femur does not depend on broach surface finish

In a cadaver study, we prepared 29 paired human cadaver femora using 3 different broaches of identical geometry but different surface characteristics. In one group of 20 pairs, preparation with chipped-toothed broaches was compared to diamond-shaped broaches; in the other group of 9 pairs, polished tamps for compaction of cancellous bone were compared with chipped-tooth broaches. Cancellous bone was irrigated with 1 liter pulsed lavage. The specimens were embedded in specially-designed pots. Palacos R and Simplex bone cements were used. After vacuum mixing, the cement was applied in a retrograde manner and subjected to a standard pressure protocol with a constant force of 3000 N. Radiographs were taken and horizontal sections were obtained at predefined levels using a diamond saw. Microradiographs were taken, digitized and analyzed to assess cement penetration into cancellous bone. In 6 of 9 femora prepared using smooth tamps, femoral fractures occurred despite careful preparation technique. The microradiographic evaluation showed no significant morphometric differences between diamond and chipped tooth or between polished and chipped-tooth broaches with regard to cement penetration into cancellous bone. Therefore, in the presence of pulsed lavage, one finds no significant effect of broach surface characteristics on cement penetration into cancellous bone of the proximal end of the femur.