脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的手术治疗(附7例报告)

目的：探讨脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的手术治疗方法，总结临床治疗经验。方法：回顾性总结1996年1月至2006年8月收治的7例病人，经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤；均在全身麻醉下行动脉瘤切除，5例行脾动脉血管重建，2例同时行脾脏切除。结果：手术后10—14d治愈出院。随访1—9年，1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞，余6例均健康生活。无复发。结论：脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是—种较好的治疗方案。     

脾动脉瘤的手术及微创治疗

目的 探讨脾动脉瘤的治疗方法及中远期疗效.方法 1999-2011年收治18例脾动脉瘤患者,对18例的治疗方法及预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 18例患者中男7例,女11例.平均年龄53.8±7.3岁.8例患者无临床症状于体检中发现,7例表现为左上腹疼痛,3例因动脉瘤破裂于急诊首诊.14例经三维血管造影(3DCTA)、3例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)、1例经磁共振血管造影(MRA)确诊.手术治疗11例,其中脾动脉瘤破裂行急诊手术3例,择期性手术8例.手术包括脾动脉瘤及脾切除4例,同时切除胰尾5例,脾动脉瘤切除、断端吻合1例,脾动脉瘤切除加脾及结肠脾区切除1例.另外,行脾动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗3例.本组中,4例无临床症状、且瘤体直径＜2 cm者行随访观察中.围手术期无死亡.随访16例平均3.2年.失访2例,1例于术后4年死于脑溢血.结论 脾动脉瘤发病率低,症状多隐匿,脾动脉瘤破裂多有致死的危险.开腹手术及腔内微创治疗预后良好.     

脾动脉瘤11例诊治分析

目的 总结11例脾动脉瘤的临床治疗经验。方法 2001-2014年本院共收治11例脾动脉瘤患者,对其治疗方法及预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例中术前经彩超及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）检查初诊9例。4例经螺旋CT血管造影、4例经数字减影血管造影（DSA）、1例经磁共振血管造影三维重建而确诊,剖腹探查确诊2例。本组3例行包括胰尾脾的脾动脉切除术,2例行动脉瘤远近端脾动脉结扎术,1例行脾切除术,1 例行脾动脉瘤切除+脾动脉重建术,4 例行介入栓塞术。11 例随访7 个月至3 年,均获治愈。无死亡及严重并发症。结论 脾动脉瘤发病率低,症状不典型,一旦破裂有致死的危险,手术及介入治疗预后均良好。     

脾动脉瘤7例诊治分析

目的：探讨脾动脉瘤的诊断和手术治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析7 例脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果：6例经彩色多普勒超声（B超）初步诊断;4例经CT动脉造影（CTA）,2例经数字减影血管造影术（DSA）,1例经磁共振造影（MRA）确诊;无1例依靠临床症状而确诊。单纯脾动脉瘤切除术1例,脾动脉瘤加脾脏切除术1例,脾动脉瘤切除加动脉重建术1例,动脉瘤近远端脾动脉结扎术1例,脾动脉瘤栓塞术2例,脾动脉瘤栓塞术加脾切除术1例。随访2个月至3年。无死亡及严重并发症病例。结论：脾动脉瘤依赖临床表现难以诊断,B超有筛选价值,CTA,MRA,DSA均有诊断价值。一旦确诊应尽早选择腔内介入栓塞治疗或手术方法。     

迷走脾动脉瘤12例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨迷走脾动脉瘤的治疗方法及疗效评价.方法 回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2012年1月-2014年5月收治的12例迷走脾动脉瘤患者,其中男性4例,女性8例,对其治疗方法进行临床分析.迷走脾动脉瘤均起源于肠系膜上动脉,瘤体均为单发,直径1.5 ～2.8 cm,平均2.1 cm.12例均行手术治疗,4例行开放手术切除瘤体,5例行脾动脉介入栓塞治疗,3例行瘤体内栓塞+肠系膜上动脉内覆膜支架植入.结果 12例治疗均获成功,2例出现腹痛、发热等不适反应.未出现脾动脉瘤复发、增大或破裂.12例均获随访,每隔3个月复查彩色多普勒超声或CT血管成像,随访时间6～24个月,1例术后1年死于腹腔大出血;11例情况良好,无复发.结论 对于具有适合解剖条件的迷走脾动脉瘤,腔内治疗安全有效,对于累及肝动脉的迷走脾动脉瘤,需开放手术进行血管重建.     

脾动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的　总结分析脾动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 2 6例临床资料 ,包括影像学资料、治疗方法及治疗效果。结果　CT或彩色超声等影像学检查显示脾动脉扩张成瘤 ,梭形或球形 ,7例脾动脉瘤切除脾动脉重建以及 15例脾动脉瘤和脾脏切除者均获得临床治愈。 1例术后 3年死于脑出血 ,1例术后 4年死于心肌梗塞 ,余病例随访 2～ 5年均健康生活、无复发。 4例介入治疗者 1例术后 6d出现脾脏部分梗塞、继发感染 ,静脉应用大量抗生素 7d后得到控制 ,治愈出院 ,余 3例动脉瘤消失 ,脾脏萎缩 ,随访 2年以上无复发。结论　CT、彩色超声对脾动脉瘤的诊断治疗具有较高的临床价值 ,动脉瘤切除是脾动脉瘤的首选治疗方案 ,其近远期疗效较好 ;介入治疗在严密观察和预防继发感染的条件下实施亦可取得良好的治疗效果。     

脾动脉瘤的传统手术和腔内治疗的比较

目的:比较脾动脉瘤的传统手术方法与血管腔内微创治疗。方法:回顾性总结1999年7月至2009年10月收治的46例脾动脉瘤病例,其中20例采用传统手术方法,包括近、远端动脉结扎加脾动脉瘤旷置术,动脉瘤切除加脾动脉重建术,脾动脉瘤切除加脾脏切除术等3种术式;26例采用血管腔内治疗方法,即脾动脉介入栓塞术。比较两组的手术时间、术后并发症、术后死亡率及近期随访的结果。结果:腔内治疗组的平均手术时间和住院天数明显少于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义[(47.3±14.5)min比(108.7±16.4)min,P=0.037;(3.6±1.3)d比(9.2±1.6)d,P=0.025]。传统手术组术中术后需输血的有3例,1例合并亚急性心内膜炎病人术后因心功能不全引发多脏器功能衰竭而死亡;而血管腔内治疗组术中、术后无输血病例,无围手术期死亡病例。血管腔内治疗组术后平均随访14个月,1例术后12个月瘤体仍有少量内漏,但瘤体直径未增大;其余病例瘤体均缩小。结论:与传统手术相比,血管腔内治疗具有安全、微创、恢复快等特点,应成为脾动脉瘤治疗方法的首选。     

紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的手术治疗：附7 例报告

目的：探讨紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤的治疗方法。 方法：回顾性分析2000年1月—2012年6月收治的7例紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤患者临床资料。 结果：7例术前均经彩超、CT及血管造影检查确诊,均在全身麻醉下手术治疗,包括动脉瘤切除、肾下主动脉—脾动脉人工血管转流4例;动脉瘤切除、脾脏切除2例;多发动脉瘤切除、脾动脉结扎、脾切除1例。手术后10~14 d治愈出院,随访2~14年,存活5例,死亡2例,其中1例主-脾转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗死,1例动脉瘤切除+脾切除术后5年死于急性脑出血。存活5例中3例为主-脾动脉转流者（1例术后2年吻合口逐渐狭窄,术后6年完全闭塞,但未见脾脏梗塞,余2例未出现吻合口狭窄或假性动脉瘤）;2例为动脉瘤切除+脾脏切除者。 结论：动脉瘤切除+脾动脉重建是治疗紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的有效方法。     

脾动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的临床疗效分析

目的探讨血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月本科收治的48例脾动脉瘤患者的资料,腔内治疗方法:弹簧圈动脉瘤(14例)或载瘤动脉栓塞术(19例),覆膜支架隔绝术(2例),支架辅助弹簧圈瘤体内填塞(5例)和多层裸支架隔绝术(8例)。术后1、3、6、12个月采用CT血管造影检查随访,记录并评价围手术期和随访期的临床结果指标。结果本组病例瘤体均治疗成功,支架植入患者的脾动脉均通畅。围手术期无手术相关死亡,8例患者弹簧圈栓塞后出现栓塞后综合征,均于3~5天后缓解。随访时间23.9(3~59)个月,采用弹簧圈栓塞瘤体或载瘤动脉33例:4例患者发现有部分脾脏梗死,但无明显临床症状,2例患者因瘤体内再灌注接受再次手术;采用覆膜支架植入或裸支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞7例:动脉瘤隔绝或栓塞良好,无内漏,支架通畅;采用多层裸支架隔绝术8例:术后12个月6例(75%)患者瘤腔达到完全血栓化,分支动脉通畅。其余病例未出现严重并发症。随访期患者均未观察到动脉瘤增大、破裂或复发。结论血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤安全,疗效显著。     

脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及血管重建的手术探讨

目的探讨脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及脾动脉重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月~2007年3月收治的8例脾动脉起始部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤;均在全身麻醉下首先阻断腹腔干起始部,远端脾动脉阻断后切除动脉瘤,1例行腹腔干-脾动脉自体静脉移植,4例行肾下主动脉-脾动脉人工血管转流,3例同时切除动脉瘤和脾脏。结果均于手术后10~14 d治愈出院。随访0.5~10年;其中1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞,余7例均健康生活,无动脉瘤复发。结论动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是一种较好的脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的治疗方案。     

脾动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：总结16例脾动脉瘤的外科诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析收治的16例脾动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中男4例,女12例,经超声多普勒、CT血管造影（CTA）等检查发现脾动脉瘤15例,另1例术中探查发现。手术治疗11例,其中脾动脉瘤破裂行急诊手术4例,择期性手术7例,手术包括脾动脉瘤及脾切除9例,同时切除胰尾3例,脾动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建1例,脾动脉瘤切除、近远端脾动脉结扎1例。另外行脾动脉瘤介入栓塞3例,非手术治疗2例。结果：手术及介入治疗的14例患者治疗后未发生严重的并发症,无死亡,均康复出院。术后随访0.5~19.0年,平均8.4年。11例手术及介入治疗者中,2例分别手术后3,7年死于其他疾病,另9例情况良好。2例非手术治疗者已分别随访3,5年,脾动脉瘤无变化。结论：脾动脉瘤女性多发;CT血管造影和多普勒超声等可明确诊断;早期切除动脉瘤或介入栓塞术是防止破裂出血导致死亡的有效方法。     

Treatment of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery after liver transplantation by percutaneous embolization and laparoscopic splenectomy

A high incidence of aneurysms of the splenic artery is found in liver transplant patients. Their significance is related to the risk of rupture, particularly in the postoperative period. Classically, their management is surgical, with ligation or resection of the aneurysmal arterial segment with or without splenectomy, depending on the location of the aneurysm. Recently, laparoscopy and percutaneous embolization have appeared as alternative treatment options. We describe here the treatment of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery in a patient who had undergone liver transplantation 10 years earlier. She was treated with percutaneous embolization of the aneurysms followed by laparoscopic splenectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic splenectomy following liver transplantation. It demonstrates that prior liver transplantation does not represent an absolute contraindication to minimally invasive surgery.     

Management of blunt splenic injury in patients with concurrent infectious mononucleosis

Selective nonoperative management is appropriate for most blunt splenic injuries in adults and children, but the efficacy of this approach is unknown when injury occurs in patients with concurrent infectious mononucleosis. We have reviewed our experience during the past 23 years with the selective nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in these patients. Medical record review identified nine patients with blunt splenic injury and infectious mononucleosis from 1978 to 2001, representing 3.3 per cent of our total trauma population with blunt splenic injury treated during that interval. Two patients underwent immediate splenectomy because of hemodynamic instability. Seven patients were admitted with the intent to treat nonoperatively. Five patients were successfully managed nonoperatively. Two patients failed nonoperative management and underwent splenectomy, one because of hemodynamic instability and one because of an infected splenic hematoma. Concurrent infectious mononucleosis does not preclude the successful nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury. This small subset of patients may be managed nonoperatively using the same criteria as for patients whose splenic injuries are not complicated by infectious mononucleosis.     

Management of splenic trauma in the pediatric hemophiliac patient: Case series and review of the literature

In July and August 1998, 3 patients who attend the Hemophilia Treatment Center required emergency admission to the authors' hospital for management of hemorrhagic shock caused by splenic injury. Computed tomography was used to diagnose and grade the splenic injuries, which ranged from II to IV on the organ injury scale. Two patients had Christmas disease (Factor IX deficiency) and were treated with splenorrhaphy and factor IX replacement. One patient who has severe von Willebrand disease (Type 3) had grade II splenic injury that required splenectomy to secure hemostasis. The coagulopathic deficiency was aggressively treated in each patient. All patients required operative intervention with attempted splenorrhaphy. All patients survived their operative experience, and none suffered a rebleeding episode. With correction of the coagulopathy throughout the perioperative period and local hemostatic control by operative techniques, salvage procedures for splenic injury were successful for 2 of these 3 patients.     

Early and long-term results of surgical treatment of splenic artery aneurysms.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was conducted to describe the presentation, surgical treatment, and follow-up of patients with splenic artery aneurysms. METHODS: From 1982 to 2000, 1,952 patients with abdominal aneurysms were referred to our department; 15 had splenic artery aneurysms. None had ruptured. All were operated on. RESULTS: Fourteen complete and 1 partial aneurysmectomies were carried out. Arterial continuity was restored in 10, by end-to-end anastomosis, and 4 had splenectomies. In 1 patient the spleen was preserved without arterial reconstruction. There were no deaths. Morbidity was restricted to 1 patient with a limited, asymptomatic splenic infarction. Eleven patients were followed up for a mean 19.7 months. No deaths or major complications were recorded. Reconstructed splenic arteries were patent in all cases without atrophy or new cases of splenic infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Elective surgery for splenic artery aneurysms is safe. Arterial reconstruction allows good early and long-term results. In some cases splenectomy may be unavoidable.     

Changing trends in the management of splenic injury

: A gradual change in the management of splenic injuries has occurred at our institution. This study was therefore undertaken to determine whether changes in management of splenic injury influenced outcomes during the past 30 years. : A retrospective study of patients admitted with splenic trauma between 1965 and 1994 was performed. Two hundred seven patients were identified and demographic and outcome data were recorded. Patients were then grouped based upon the period in which they received treatment (ie, Period I [1965 to 1974], Period II [1975 to 1984], and Period III [1985 to 1994]) and the type of treatment received (ie, splenectomy, splenorrhaphy, or observation). : More patients were treated in Period III than in the other two periods, and Period III patients had shorter hospital stays. Splenectomy was solely used during Period I; splenorrhaphy and observation were occasionally performed during Period II; and splenectomy, splenorrhaphy, and observation were performed in near-equal numbers during Period III. Mortality was similar for each period, though Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were higher during later years. When compared by treatment modality, patients receiving splenectomy had higher ISS and splenic injury classifications. : Patients treated by splenorrhaphy and observation for splenic injury have markedly increased over the past 30 years without adverse outcome.     

Splenic abscess complicating infective endocarditis: three case reports

We present three case-reports of splenic abscess in patients who were initially diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis. In all cases the diagnosis of splenic abscess was based on the findings of abdominal CT scan or MRI. All patients were treated by laparotomy and splenectomy. Two patients fully recovered and one patient, who suffered from splenic rupture and massive blood loss before surgery, died. Splenic abscess is a well-described but rare complication of infective endocarditis. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential as its course can prove fatal. Abdominal CT scan or MRI should be performed if there is clinical suspicion of splenic abscedation. Immediate splenectomy combined with appropriate antibiotics and valve replacement surgery is the treatment of choice. Splenic tissue is very fragile--especially if the abscess is located subcapsular--and a splenic rupture can result from minimal trauma. If the patient's general state allows it, it is best to perform splenectomy prior to valve replacement surgery to prevent re-infection of the valve prosthesis. A combined one-stage procedure is also an option.     

内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结腔内技术和外科手段治疗内脏动脉瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析10例内脏动脉瘤患者的临床资料.男4例,女6例,年龄28～74岁,平均(56 ±13)岁.其中脾动脉真性动脉瘤5例,脾动脉假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜上动脉瘤2例,腹腔干结核性假性动脉瘤1例,肾动脉瘤1例.结果 1例腹腔干假性动脉瘤行支架型人工血管腔内修复术,1例脾动脉瘤行支架型人工血管腔内修复术失败,改为开腹手术治疗,另外8例直接行开腹手术治疗.手术均获成功,康复出院.术后住院时间7～18 d,平均(10±5)d,本组所有患者获随访,随访时间3个月至6年,平均(27 ±12)个月.无死亡病例,无动脉瘤复发,无胃肠道、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏缺血梗死及其他严重并发症发生.结论 内脏动脉瘤开放手术治疗疗效可靠,而腔内治疗则是一种有前途的微创治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the management of splanchnic artery aneurysms by open surgery and endoluminal therapy. Methods The clinical data of 10 splanchnic artery aneurysm patients (four male, six female) hospitalised from January 2002 were analysed retrospectively. The average age was (56 ± 13) years (28 - 74). Surgical or endoluminal treatment for six cases of splenic artery aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms were applied, among which multiple splenic artery aneurysms was found in one, and aberrant aneurysms at the proximal section of the splenic artery originating from a spleno-mesenteric trunk was found in three, splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in one and single aneurysm with normal splenic artery in anatomy in one. Besides, there were two superior mesenteric artery aneurysm, one of tuberculous celiac artery pseudoaneurysm and one renal artery aneurysm. Results The tuberculous celiac artery pseudoaneurysm was successfully managed by deploying a stent-graft endoluminally. One case was converted to open surgery after the splenic artery aneurysm was only paitially covered by a stent-graft. The other 8 cases were successfully treated by open surgery. All of the operations are successful. All patients were followed up from three months to six years, during which no death or other severe complications occurs. Conclusions The splanchnic artery varies from one to another anatomically. Preoperative CT scan or digital substraction angiology are helpful for the diagnosis of the splanchnic arterial aneurysms and choosing an appropriate management. Conventional open surgery is effective and reliable, while endoluminal therapy is a minimally invasive alternative.     

Splenic Abscess Complicating Infective Endocarditis: Three Case Reports

We present three case-reports of splenic abscess in patients who were initially diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis. In all cases the diagnosis of splenic abscess was based on the findings of abdominal CT scan or MRI. All patients were treated by laparotomy and splenectomy. Two patients fully recovered and one patient, who suffered from splenic rupture and massive blood loss before surgery, died.

Splenic abscess is a well-described but rare complication of infective endocarditis. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential as its course can prove fatal.

Abdominal CT scan or MRI should be performed if there is clinical suspicion of splenic abscedation. Immediate splenectomy combined with appropriate antibiotics and valve replacement surgery is the treatment of choice. Splenic tissue is very fragile — especially if the abscess is located subcapsular — and a splenic rupture can result from minimal trauma. If the patient’s general state allows it, it is best to perform splenectomy prior to valve replacement surgery to prevent re-infection of the valve prosthesis. A combined one-stage procedure is also an option.     

Management of injury to the spleen in adults. Results of early operation and observation.

Seventy-seven adults with splenic trauma were treated at a Level I Trauma Center during a 4-year period. Sixty-seven patients had early operation (55 splenectomy, nine splenorrhaphy, three partial splenectomy). Ten adults with stable vital signs were initially managed by observation without operation. Patients who had other intra-abdominal injuries were more likely to have an early operation and splenectomy. Patients who had a lesser transfusion requirement were more likely to have initial nonoperative management. Only three of the 10 patients who were managed initially by observation avoided eventual operation. Six of the seven patients who failed observation management required splenectomy. Patients with isolated splenic injuries had a significantly shorter hospital stay after an early operation than after observation without operation (p less than 0.05). We recommend early operation for the management of splenic injury in adults. Observation of isolated splenic injuries frequently is unsuccessful in adults and unnecessarily prolongs hospital stay.