瓣膜性房颤血栓栓塞事件的危险因素和CHA2DS2-VASc评分对其血栓栓塞事件的预测价值

目的 分析瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞危险因素和CHA2DS2-VASc评分对其血栓栓塞事件预测价值。 方法 纳入2016年9月至2019年9月就诊于本院的瓣膜性房颤患者137例,按是否发生血栓栓塞事件分为栓塞组（n=50)与非栓塞组（n=87),在单因素分析基础上,进行多因素logistic回归分析判定血栓栓塞危险因素,并进行Cochran-Armitage趋势检验判断CHA2DS2-VASc评分与血栓栓塞是否存在线性趋势,制作ROC曲线,判定曲线下面积和截断点,并计算评价指标。 结果 研究组年龄≥75岁占比、女性患者占比、高血压、糖尿病、心衰患病率与对照组差异均无统计学意义,而两组间血管疾病患病率及CHA2DS2-VASc评分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。多因素回归分析显示,血管疾病（OR: 7.463,95%CI 1.575-35.714,P<0.05）是卒中/TIA/血栓栓塞发生的独立危险因素;在控制其他变量后,CHA2DS2-VASc评分与卒中/TIA/血栓栓塞事件显著相关（OR: 2.688,95%CI: 1.776-4.065,P<0.01）及对栓塞事件预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.869（95%CI: 0.809-0.928,P<0.01）。Cochran-Armitage趋势检验显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分与卒中/TIA/血栓栓塞间存在线性趋势,卒中/TIA/血栓栓塞发生率随着CHA2DS2-VASc评分升高而升高（P<0.01）。 结论 血管疾病是瓣膜性房颤血栓栓塞事件发生的独立危险因素;CHA2DS2-VASc评分与此类患者血栓栓塞事件发生显著相关且对其预测价值较好。     

不同临床特征低危心房颤动患者的血栓栓塞风险

目的探讨不同临床特征低危心房颤动(房颤)患者(CHA2DS2-VASc评分男性≤1分,女性≤2分)的血栓栓塞风险,并为该类患者的抗凝决策提供依据。方法前瞻性地连续入选2011年8月至2018年12月中国房颤注册研究中CHA2DS2-VASc评分男性≤1分,女性≤2分的非瓣膜性房颤患者。根据患者基线年龄、性别,以及合并高血压、糖尿病、慢性心力衰竭和血管疾病的情况,将其分为CHA2DS2-VASc评分0分组、1分组和2分组。所有患者每6个月电话或门诊随访1次,终点事件为包括缺血性卒中和系统性栓塞在内的血栓栓塞事件。计算血栓栓塞事件的年化发生率,并采用单因素Cox回归分析比较合并不同危险因素的房颤患者与CHA2DS2-VASc评分0分组之间血栓栓塞风险的差异。结果共纳入2 862例低危房颤患者,女性915例(32.0%),年龄(55.0±10.7)岁。CHA2DS2-VASc评分0分组933例(32.6%),1分组1 401例(49.0%),2分组528例(18.5%)。随访期间(中位随访1.5年,共5 811.82人年)共发生33例血栓栓塞事件,整体年化发生率为0.57%(95%CI 0....     

CAS评分和CHA2DS2-VASc评分指导我国非瓣膜性心房颤动患者抗凝治疗的预后比较

目的比较CAS和CHA2DS2-VASc评分两种卒中风险评估模型预测非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者全因死亡、血栓栓塞、大出血事件以及复合终点发生方面的差异。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究。从中国房颤注册研究(CAFR)中, 选取年龄>18岁的非瓣膜性房颤患者, 随机分为CAS评分组和CHA2DS2-VASc评分组, 并根据基线和随访过程中抗凝状态筛选出2组中依从评分规范抗凝的患者纳入本研究。收集并比较两组患者的年龄、性别等基本信息, 并定期进行随访, 随访内容包括是否接受抗凝治疗以及终点事件。终点事件为全因死亡、血栓栓塞和大出血事件, 复合终点事件为全因死亡和血栓栓塞事件。分析CAS评分组和CHA2DS2-VASc评分组相关终点事件发生情况, 并采用多因素Cox比例风险模型比较两组相关终点事件发生率的差异。结果共纳入5 206例房颤患者, 年龄(63.6±12.2)岁, 女性2 092例(40.2%)。其中CAS评分组2 447例(47.0%), CHA2DS2-VASc评分组2 759例(53.0%)。CAS组左心室射血分数<55%、非阵发性房颤、口服华法林比例以及HAS-BL...     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者红细胞分布宽度与CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系

目的:探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与评估房颤患者发生血栓栓塞风险的CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系。方法:连续入选非瓣膜性房颤患者99例(其中阵发房颤68例,持续房颤31例),每例患者均进行CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分,同时记录年龄、性别、伴发疾病、实验室指标及超声心动图结果。根据CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分将房颤患者发生血栓栓塞的风险分为低中危组和高危组,比较房颤患者发生血栓栓塞风险的低中危组与高危组各项指标的差异,同时探讨房颤患者RDW与CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系。结果:无论何种分组方式,两组间年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、脑卒中史有统计学差异(P0.05)。与低中危组相比,高危组患者年龄增加,RDW、血肌酐升高,左房直径增加,左室射血分数下降(P0.05)。多变量Logistic回归分析显示,RDW是房颤患者CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的独立预测因素(OR值分别是2.184、3.815,均P0.05)。预测CHADS2高分的RDW的ROC曲线下面积为0.690(95%CI:0.583~0.797,P0.05),预测CHA2DS2-VASc高分的RDW的ROC曲线下面积为0.735(95%CI:0.634~0.836,P0.05)。结论:非瓣膜性房颤患者RDW与CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分呈正相关,而且是CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的独立预测因素。     

CHA 2DS 2_VASc 评分与射频消融术前心房颤动患者左心房／左心耳血栓形成的关系

目的探讨CHA2DS2-VASc评分与射频消融术前心房颤动患者左心房（left atrium ,LA）/左心耳（left atrial ap-pendage ,LAA ）发生血栓事件的关系。方法根据术前食管超声心动图检查结果,将接受射频消融术的心房颤动患者分为LA/LAA血栓形成组（n＝21）与血栓未形成组（n＝21）,对照分析CHA2 DS2-VASc及CHADS2评分对血栓事件的预测价值。结果血栓形成组21例（3.8％）患者血栓均位于LAA ,低危组（0分）、中危组（1分）、高危组（≥2分）间,LA/LAA血栓事件发生率无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）,但≥3分患者血栓形成明显多于＜2分（ P＜0.01）。血栓形成组CHA2 DS2-VASc评分、CHADS2评分、左心房内径（LAD ）显著高于血栓未形成组外,其余临床因素间比较均无统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析显示：LAD、CHA2 DS2-VASc评分是LA/LAA血栓形成的独立危险因素（OR＝0.81、0.89,P＜0.05）。结论无论CHA2 DS2-VASc评分的高低,所有房颤患者射频消融术前均需接受食管超声心动图探查,LAD越大、CHA2 DS2-VASc评分越高,LA/LAA血栓事件发生可能性越高。     

心房颤动(1)心房颤动抗栓治疗的策略与进展(续前)

缺血性脑卒中是心房颤动(房颤)的主要并发症,抗栓治疗具有重要的临床意义.近年房颤抗栓治疗取得进展,包括对房颤缺血性脑卒中/血栓及出血风险的评估,抗栓策略的选择以及具有循证医学依据的新抗凝药物.房颤缺血性脑卒中危险因子包括老龄,高血压,糖尿病,心力衰竭,以及既往缺血性脑卒中/一过性脑缺血等;女性和血管疾病是目前明确的增加房颤血栓事件的高危因子.2010年欧洲心脏病协会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)房颤管理指南以及2012年美国胸科医师协会(ACCP 9)推荐CHADS2以及CHA2DS2-VASc作为房颤缺血性脑卒中风险评分工具.CHA2DS2-VASc比CHADS2更能准确辨认真正低危的房颤患者.真正低危患者(CHA2DS2-VASc=0)可不抗栓治疗.CHA2DS2-VASc≥1的患者均应抗凝治疗,无论华法林或新的口服抗凝药物.达比加群,Rivaroxaban(利伐沙班),Apixaban(阿哌沙班)是有循证医学依据的新一代抗凝药物.     

低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的有效性及安全性临床研究

目的：应用2010年欧洲心脏病学协会（ESC）房颤新指南提出的新的评分系统卒中危险评分（CHA2DS2-VASc）和首次推出的出血风险评分法（HAS-BLED）,观察CHA2DS2-VASc积分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分时,低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的抗栓疗效和安全性。方法2011年1月至2012年1月我院非瓣膜性房颤患者99例,其CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分。全部病例分成两组,标准强度华法林治疗组[2.0＜国际标准化比值（INR）≤3.0]和低强度华法林治疗组（1.6≤INR≤2.0）。观察两组患者的血栓栓塞率及出血发生率。结果卡方检验结果显示,两组患者的血栓栓塞率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;标准强度华法林治疗组的出血发生率高于低强度华法林治疗组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分的高出血风险的房颤患者可以采用低强度华法林抗凝,能有效减少血栓栓塞事件的发生,同时不增加严重出血事件,使用安全可靠。     

CHADS2评分与CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病房颤患者左房血栓风险评估中的对比分析

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病心房颤动(AF)患者左房血栓风险评估中的作用。方法 2011年6月至2015年6月选择该院收治的非瓣膜病AF患者423例,根据其左房是否发生血栓分为左房血栓组和未发生左房血栓组;采用CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对非瓣膜病AF患者发生血栓事件的风险进行危险分层,收集患者一般临床资料,采用Logistics回归对左房血栓发生的危险因素进行分析。结果 423例非瓣膜病AF患者进行食道心脏超声检查发现65例(15.36%)发生左房血栓;患者CHADS2评分显著低于CHA2DS2-VASc评分(P0.05);秩和检验显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对患者危险分层的严重程度显著高于CHADS2评分系统(P0.05);随着CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统危险的增加患者发生左房血栓的比例逐渐升高(P0.05);单因素分析显示年龄≥65岁、左房内径≥38 mm及射血分数≤40%是非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素(P0.05);多因素Logistics回归显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分是导致非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分能够预测非瓣膜病AF患者左房血栓的发生,其预估价值明显优于CHADS2评分。     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者心外膜脂肪组织与血栓前状态的相关性研究

目的探讨心外膜脂肪组织(EAT)体积与非瓣膜性心房颤动(简称房颤)患者血栓形成前状态的关系。方法 2012年1月至2014年1月期间住院行房颤导管射频消融治疗的非瓣膜性房颤患者90例,记录基线资料及伴发疾病,测定红细胞比积、血小板平均体积、D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原(FIB)等凝血状态指标,并进行CHA2DS2-VASc评分和超声心动图检查,同时测量总EAT体积(EAT-total)及左房周EAT体积(EAT-LA)。统计分析EAT-total、EAT-LA与血凝状态指标之间的相关性。根据CHA2DS2-VASc评分结果将研究对象分为高危组和中低危组,比较两组间各指标间的差异,并分析EAT-total、EAT-LA与CHA2DS2-VASc评分间的相关性。结果高危组EAT-total为(111.1±34.2)cm3,EAT-LA为(29.3±7.7)cm3;中低危组EAT-total为(92.8±33.9)cm3,EAT-LA为(24.0±9.2)cm3,EAT-total和EAT-LA在两组间差异显著(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,EAT-total和EAT-LA与CHA2DS2-VASc评分间呈正相关。进一步分析提示EAT-total和EAT-LA与D-二聚体和FIB正相关,多因素分析示两者与D-二聚体和FIB水平均存在独立联系。结论房颤患者EAT可能参与了房颤时血栓前状态的形成,其体积大小可能是房颤患者发生血栓栓塞的独立风险预报因子。     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者CHA2DS2-VASc评分与左心耳功能关系的研究

正心房颤动(房颤)是目前临床上最普遍发生的心律失常之一,随着患者年龄的增长,其发病率及病死率逐渐升高~[1]。长期的持续性房颤将会导致心房内血流动力学发生不良改变,左心耳血栓是其最常见的并发症。房颤发生时左心耳内的血栓脱落是血栓栓塞的主要危险因素,大量报道证实脱落的血栓与脑卒中事件有很强的相关性,约占缺血性卒中的15%~[2-3]。CHA2DS2-VASc评分是评价左心耳血栓形成及脑卒中发生风险的重要指标~[4],本     

心房颤动总是"引发"心房颤动吗?

心房颤动(AF)是临床上常见的心律失常,心房重构和AF"引发"AF概念的提出是对AF病理生理机制研究的重大进展,但临床上有关AF的诸多问题并不能都用AF"引发"AF和单纯的心房电重构来解释,本文就AF"引发"AF这一问题结合有关文献作一综述.     

Cardioversion in atrial fibrillation. Focus on recent-onset atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Its prevalence is rising due to an increasing elderly population and the improvement in management of life-threatening diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Over the past few years effective non-pharmacological treatments, new antiarrhythmics drugs, and anticoagulants have been introduced. Regardless of rate-control or rhythm control strategy, adequate stroke prevention still remains a cornerstone in the treatment of this arrhythmia. This review aims to illustrate the main practical issues in the management of atrial fibrillation, focusing on patients with recent-onset and hemodynamically stable atrial fibrillation.     

Deglutition-induced atrial fibrillation

We present the case of 38-year-old woman who experienced palpitations on swallowing, which were later found to be atrial fibrillation. Her symptoms improved on treatment with disopyramide and verapamil. Within 9 months, she was weaned from both medications without recurrence of symptoms.     

Postoperative atrial fibrillation

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with significant morbidity, longer hospital stay, and higher related costs. Although the etiologic mechanism of postoperative atrial fibrillation and its optimum method of prophylaxis or management are not well defined, progress has been made during the past decade. This review focused on recent findings leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms and management of atrial fibrillation after surgery and current approaches directed at prevention of thromboembolic sequelae. Because postoperative atrial fibrillation is a frequent complication, preoperative risk assessment algorithms are being proposed to minimize the number of patients in whom an intervention to prevent atrial fibrillation is undertaken, and thus, reduce toxicity due to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Finally, current data suggest that once atrial fibrillation has occurred, a rate-control strategy during the first 8 to 12 hours is reasonable because 50% of those episodes will resolve during this period. Beyond this period, a more aggressive approach using class IC or III antiarrhythmic drugs will hopefully reduce the number of patients requiring anticoagulation and prolonged drug therapy.     

New-onset atrial fibrillation

Patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation are often hospitalized emergently. To determine whether this is necessary, the authors retrospectively reviewed the care of 97 consecutive patients with this illness. No reason for the atrial fibrillation in 43 patients could be identified. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart disease were the most commonly associated conditions; myocardial infarction occurred in one patient. In 82% of patients, atrial fibrillation reverted to normal sinus rhythm during hospitalization. Three patients needed emergent hospitalization irrespective of the presence of atrial fibrillation. In the remainder, admission was based solely on the diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Ninety-eight per cent had an uncomplicated hospital course. It is concluded that hospitalization is not necessary for all patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Those in whom reversion to normal sinus rhythm occurs rapidly during digoxin therapy can be discharged. Where no major medical illness is evident patients can be admitted to a bed outside the intensive care unit until reversion to normal sinus rhythm or rate control is achieved. Received from the Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York. Supported in part by a grant from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation.     

Drug-induced atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained rhythm disorder observed in clinical practice and predominantly associated with cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. However, several classes of drugs may induce AF in patients without apparent heart disease or may precipitate the onset of AF in patients with preexisting heart disease. We reviewed the literature on drug-induced AF, using the PubMed/Medline and Micromedex databases and lateral references. Successively, we discuss the potential role in the onset of AF of cardiovascular drugs, respiratory system drugs, cytostatics, central nervous system drugs, genitourinary system drugs, and some miscellaneous agents. Drug-induced AF may play a role in only a minority of the patients presenting with AF. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize drugs or other agents as a potential cause, especially in the elderly, because increasing age is associated with multiple drug use and a high incidence of AF. This may contribute to timely diagnosis and management of drug-induced AF.