术前肺功能参数预测低肺功能患者肺癌根治术后并发呼吸衰竭的评价

目的对拟行肺癌根治术的低肺功能患者进行常规肺功能检测和脉冲强迫振荡技术（IOS）检测，评价术前肺功能参数预测低肺功能患者肺癌根治术后并发呼吸衰竭的价值。方法按照常规肺功能评价标准和术前肺功能测定结果，选择52例拟行肺癌根治术、低肺功能患者，根据术后是否发生呼吸衰竭分为呼衰组和非呼衰组。术前检测常规肺功能参数：第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1．0）、肺活量（VC）及最大通气量（MVV）；IOS检测参数：周边气道阻力（R5-R20）、弹性阻力（X5）、共振频律（Fres）。结果两组FEV1．0、R5-R50、X5、Fres差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Logisfic回归分析显示仅Fres为预测术后呼吸衰竭发生的独立因素（P〈0．01）。结论Fres有助于预测低肺功能肺癌患者全肺切除术后是否发生呼吸衰竭。     

心肺功能综合评估预测肺癌术后呼吸衰竭危险

目的 探讨心肺功能综合评估预测肺癌病人手术后呼吸衰竭（呼衰）危险。方法260例原发性肺癌病人于术前行静息肺功能、心电图、运动心肺功能检测，将常用指标分别组合为静息肺功能、运动肺功能、心功能进行评分，并计算心肺功能综合评分。结果（1）全肺切除术后呼衰组运动肺功能、心功能、心肺功能综合评分均高于非呼衰组（P〈0．01），logistic分析显示运动肺功能评分〉3分、心功能评分〉2分与术后呼衰的发生密切相关，其OR值、预测术后呼衰的敏感性、特异性和阳性结果预计值均高于VO2／kg。（2）肺叶切除术后呼衰组仅静息肺功能评分高于非呼衰组（P〈0．05），Logistic分析显示静息肺功能评分〉2分与其术后呼衰的发生密切相关。（3）FEV1.0〈60％、行肺叶切除术（低肺功能组）术后呼衰组运动肺功能评分和心肺功能综合评分高于非呼衰组（P〈0．01），Logistic分析显示心肺功能综合评分〉6分与其术后呼衰的发生密切相关，其OR值、预测术后呼衰的敏感性和阴性结果预计值高于VO2/kg。结论心肺功能综合评估较单项肺功能指标能更全面、准确地预测术后呼衰发生危险，尤其适于全肺切除和低肺功能、行肺叶切除术病人。     

术前肺通气功能与术中肺通气功能和术后呼吸衰竭的关系

目的探讨机械通气时呼吸力学与术前肺功能的关系,确定术前肺通气功能参数能否预测术后呼吸衰竭。方法择期行肺切除术的原发性肺癌病人100例,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,术前测定常规肺功能：第1秒用力呼气容量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量与用力肺活量之比（FEV1/FVC）、最大肺活量（VC）、最大通气量（MVV）、75%肺活量位用力呼气流速（FEF75）、最大中期呼气流速（MMEF75/25）、功能残气量（FRC）和残气量与肺总量之比（RV/TLC）;脉冲震荡肺功能参数：共振频率（Fres）、呼吸总阻抗（Zres）、中心阻力（Rc）、5 Hz和20 Hz时粘性阻力（R5、R20）。插管后机械通气初始时记录双肺气道峰压和双肺胸肺顺应性,开胸单肺通气肺萎陷时记录单肺气道峰压（Ppeak）和单肺胸肺顺应性（CT）。单肺通气时Ppeak和CT与身高、体重及肺功能的关系采用多元逐步回归。一般情况和术前肺功能与术后呼吸衰竭的关系采用非条件logistic回归分析。根据术后是否发生呼吸衰竭分为2组：呼吸衰竭组（RF）和非呼吸衰竭组（NRF）。结果Ppeak与Zres、身高、体重和FEF75呈线性关系（R^2=0.504,P〈0.01）,CT与Zres、身高、VC和RV/TLC呈线性关系（R^2=0.602,P〈0.01）。与NRF组比较,RF组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV和MMEF75/25均降低（P〈0.05或0.01）。年龄≥60岁的中老年患者FEV1≤60%、FEV1/FVC≤60%、MVV≤50%、MMEF75/25≤35%时,RF组术后呼吸衰竭发生率高于NRF组（P〈0.05或0.01）。logistic回归表明,年龄和MVV是术后呼吸衰竭的两个主要预测因素。结论术中单肺通气时Ppeak和CT分别与身高、体重和术前肺功能呈线性关系。年龄和MVV是术后呼吸衰竭的两个主要预测因素。     

静脉和硬膜外自控镇痛对肺叶切除术后肺功能的影响

目的　比较静脉与硬膜外病人自控镇痛 (PCIA与PCEA)对肺叶切除术后肺功能的影响。方法　 44例择期行单肺叶切除病人 ,随机分成PCIA组和PCEA组。分别于术前、术后 2 4、48h用脉冲振荡肺功能测定仪 (IOS)测定肺功能。结果　PCEA组与PCIA组术前肺功能无统计学差异 ;术后 2 4h两组与术前比较用力肺活量 (FVC)、1秒用力呼气量 (FVE1 )降幅较大 (P <0 0 5) ,呼吸总阻抗 (Zrs)、共振频率(Fres)、35Hz时呼吸阻力 (R35)、5Hz时呼吸电阻 (X5)升高显著 (P <0 0 5) ;术后 48h两组FVC、FEV1 、Zrs、Fres、R35、X5较术后 2 4h有所恢复 ,但PCEA组恢复更好 (P <0 0 5)。结论　胸科手术后用PCEA、PCIA均能获得较好的镇痛效果 ,但PCEA对病人早期肺功能的恢复作用积极明显     

白三烯受体拮抗剂改善哮喘患儿肺功能的临床研究

目的探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂改善哮喘患儿肺功能的效果。方法应用脉冲振荡（IOS）肺功能仪分别测定20例哮喘患儿单纯糖皮质激素吸入（常规治疗组）治疗前后和30例哮喘患儿加用孟鲁司特（孟鲁司特组）治疗前后肺功能。另选取20例健康儿童作为对照组,并对其疗效进行比较。结果常规治疗组治疗前、孟鲁司特组治疗前脉冲频率为5、20Hz时的气道黏性阻力（R4、R30）、热振频率（Fres）高于对照组[（1．10±0.26）、（1．10±0．21）kPa/（L·g）比（0．54±0．15）kPa／（L·g）;（0．75±010）、（0．70±0.11）kPa／（L·g）比（0．53±0．10）kPa／（L·g）;（20．11±194）、（19．99±2．64）Hz比（16．90±1.77）Hz],脉冲频率为5Hz时的气道弹性阻力（X5）低于对照组[（-0．44±0．08）、（-0．42±0.13）kPa／（L·g）比（=0．19±0．10）kPa/（L·g）]．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而常规治疗组治疗前与孟鲁司特组治疗前各项指标比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。常规治疗组治疗前后R5、R20比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）．X4、Fres比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。孟鲁司特组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。常规治疗组治疗后与孟鲁司特组治疗后备项指标比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。常规治疗组治疗后各项指标与对照组比较差异仍有统计学意义（P〈0．01）．孟鲁司特组治疗后R20、Fres与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）.结论加用孟鲁司特治疗时改善哮喘儿重肺功能的效果较好．对提高患儿生活质量有一定的作用。     

长期机械通气致肺不张行持续性膨肺对呼吸力学的影响

目的：探讨持续性膨肺对长期机械通气致肺不张病人呼吸力学的影响。方法：对长期机械通气已发生肺不张的9例ICU病人行持续性膨肺，监测其呼吸力学的改变。结果：与膨肺前比较，膨肺后30min气道峰压（PIP）、平台压（Pplat）、阻力（R）、呼吸机作功（WOBv）均有所降低（均P＜0．05），差异有显著性意义；顺应性改善最为明显（P＜0．01）。120min PIP、Pplat、R、WOBv与膨肺前比较,差异均无显著性意义 （P＞0．05）。结论：持续性膨肺可以明显改善呼吸力学特征，增加肺容积，从而改善氧合功能，由于持续性膨肺对呼吸和血流动力学有一定影响，需严密观察病人的血压、心率及血氧饱和度情况，加强护理。     

强迫振荡肺功能预测肺切除术后呼吸衰竭的临床价值

目的 分析术前肺功能及强迫振荡肺功能（FOT）检查在预测术后呼衰中的临床价值。方法 对473例肺切除患者术前除常规肺功能检查外均进行强迫振荡肺功能检测，以术后是否发生呼衰分为两个观察组。对患者详细资料的34个项目观察分析。观察数据进行统计学处理。用logistic回归分析筛选出导致术后呼衰的术前危险因素，并对其参数估计值进行标准化处理。以评价FOT在预测术后呼衰的临床价值。结果 34个观察项目中。有21项提示与术后呼衰有密切关系。根据二项logistic回归筛选。只有8个因素作为术后呼衰的危险因素被筛选出。FOT检查中的5Hz时的阻抗＼即弹性阻力（X5）预测呼衰的灵敏度、特异度及准确率与第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）相接近，而20Hz时的黏性阻力占预计值百分比（R20％）与最大通气量的实测值占预计值百分比（MW％）相接近。结论 强迫振荡肺功能（FOT）检查在预测术后呼衰方面与常规肺通气功能一样具有同等重要地位。甚至优于部分传统指标。     

双相压通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征

目的：探讨双相气道正压（BIPAP）通气模式治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者的疗效及其对血流动力学和气道力学的影响。方法;随机将20例ARDS患者分为BIPAP通气模式组（BIPAP组）和间歇正压通气模式组（IPPV组）,行机械通气治疗,每组各10例。观察两组血流动力学、血气分析、呼吸力学指标。结果：BIPAP组机械通气时间平均为13天,显著低于IPPV组的21天（P＜0．05）。BIPAP组患者安定、吗啡和万可松用量显著低于IPPV组（P＜0．05）;IPPV组吸气峰压、平台压和呼气末正压均显著高于BIPAP组（P＜0．05）。心率、平均动脉压、平均肺动脉压、体循环阻力和心脏指数两组差别无显著性意义（P＞0．05）,但IPPV组肺血管阻力显著高于BIPAP组（P＜0．05）。两组间动脉血氧分压、二氧化碳分压和pH值差别无显著性意义（P＞0．05）,BIPAP组混合静脉血氧分压显著高于IPPV组（P＜0．05）。结论：BIPAP通气模式人机关系协同性好,能够降低肺血管阻力,增加混合静脉血氧分压,缩短了ARDS治疗的机械通气时间。     

脉冲振荡肺功能在儿童支气管哮喘中的应用及临床意义

目的探讨脉冲振荡肺功能在儿童支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）中的临床应用和诊断价值。方法选取哮喘患儿32例，其中急性发作期19例（急性发作组），临床缓解期13例（临床缓解组），健康体检儿童20例（对照组），采用MasterScreen脉冲振荡肺功能仪，分别检测三组的肺功能情况。结果急性发作组患儿5、20Hz时气道阻力（R5、R20）、R5-R20肺弹性阻力（X5）的负值及共振频率（Fres）[分别为（9．81±2．76）、（5．74±1．53）、（4．97±1．89）、（-4．34±1．65）cmH20／（L·s）（1cmH：0=0．098kPa）和（21．90±2．70）Hz]，均较临床缓解组[分别为（7．75±0．97）、（3．82±0．50）、（3．934-0．55）、（-3．70±0．78）cmIH2O／（L·s）和（18．81±0．91）Hz]、对照组[分别为（6．06±0．69）、（3．52±0．67）、（2．54±1．20）、（-2．98±1．29）cmH2O／（L·s）和（14．15±0．99）Hz]高（P〈0．05）。临床缓解组患儿R5、R5-R20、Fres较对照组仍高（p〈0．05或〈0．01），而R20、X5差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脉冲振荡肺功能可提供哮喘发作及缓解的各项客观指标，并可作为哮喘患儿肺功能检测及治疗监测的方法。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人呼吸训练方法的对比观察

将60例稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人随机分成I组和Ⅱ组,分别进行缩唇腹式呼吸训练和缩唇腹式呼吸加入工阻力呼吸训练,每次3－5min,3-4次／d,训练20d。训练前后两组病人均行肺通气功能检查。结果训练后Ⅱ组肺通气功能各项指标改善较好,与I组比较,差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,与本组训练前比较,差异有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）。提示缩唇腹式呼吸配合人工阻力呼吸训练在提高呼吸肌肌力,改善肺功能方面疗效显著,可作为稳定期COPD病人的康复护理手段。     

肺癌术后呼吸功能衰竭高危因素临床分析

目的 探讨肺癌术后发生呼吸功能衰竭的高危因素。方法 实验组采用肺癌术后呼吸衰竭21例,并以同期肺癌手术未发生呼衰的84例作为对照组,用x~2检验。结果 术后呼衰组的术前肺功能指标,如肺活量占预计值百分比(VC％)、最大通气量占预计值百分比(MVV％)、第一秒呼气容积(FEV1.0)、第一秒呼气量占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1.0/FVC％)等均明显低于无呼衰组。根据手术方式分析,袖式肺叶切除、肺叶切除组的呼衰发生率均低于全肺切除组。肺癌术后肺部感染亦导致呼衰发生率增高。结论 肺功能下降、术后肺部感染是肺癌术后呼吸功能衰竭的高危因素。肺功能较差的病人应尽量避免全肺切除。     

Does pneumonectomy for lung cancer adversely influence long-term survival?

OBJECTIVE: The increased operative mortality associated with pneumonectomy has stimulated the use of lung-sparing operations such as sleeve lobectomy. Whether pneumonectomy adversely affects long-term outcome after lung resection is unknown. METHODS: We reviewed the cases of patients who underwent lobectomy/bilobectomy or pneumonectomy because of non-small cell lung cancer between January 1980 and June 1998. Survival curves were compared by the log-rank test. Covariates were determined for operative mortality and survival using logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards estimation, respectively. RESULTS: There were 259 men and 183 women who underwent lobectomy/bilobectomy (340) or pneumonectomy (102). Operative mortality was 36 (8.1%) patients overall, 24 (7.0%) for lobectomy/bilobectomy and 12 (12%) for pneumonectomy. Mean follow-up was 41 months (range 0-222 months). Median survival was worse for pneumonectomy (stage II: 17.9 vs 36.3 months, log-rank P =. 05; stage III: 11.7 vs 21.3 months, log-rank P =.07). However, important covariates for survival were age, primary tumor status, regional nodal status, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. After adjusting for these covariates, survival did not differ significantly between the types of operations (hazard ratio for pneumonectomy 1.21; 95% CI 0.88-1.68). CONCLUSIONS: We did not detect a significant long-term adverse influence of pneumonectomy on survival after adjusting for other prognostic factors, but randomized clinical trials would be needed to definitively address this issue.     

Pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: risk and benefit analysis of pulmonary resection

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and outcome of surgical resection in this setting is unknown. METHODS: We studied 22 patients (24 operations) with pulmonary fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer treated between 1991 and 2000 (study group) and compared outcome with 951 other patients (964 operations) treated for non-small cell lung cancer over the same period (control patients). RESULTS: The two groups did not differ significantly in age (68 vs 65 years), smoking history (86% vs 95% smokers), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (2.5 L/min vs 2.3 L/min) or forced vital capacity (3.2 L vs 3.7 L), but patients with pulmonary fibrosis were more likely to be male (72% vs 58%, P <.05). The operative mortality was higher in patients with pulmonary fibrosis than in control patients (17% vs 3.1%, P <.01) and there was a higher procedure-specific mortality in pulmonary fibrosis for pneumonectomy (33% vs 5.1%, P <.01) and lobectomy (12% vs 2.6%, P <.01). Patients with pulmonary fibrosis had a higher incidence of postoperative lung injury, (21% vs 3.7%, P <.01) and a longer mean hospital stay (17 vs 9 days, P <.05). In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the actuarial 3-year survival was 54%. There were 11 deaths in the study group, 4 postoperatively (all acute respiratory distress syndrome) and 7 late deaths (metastatic disease, n = 2; progressive pulmonary fibrosis, n = 5). Median follow-up (to death or last review) was 13 months (range, 0-120 months). Five patients developed postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome and in 4 of these patients this proved to be fatal. Postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome was associated with lower preoperative total lung carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (median, 58% vs 70%, P =.03) and lower preoperative carbon monoxide diffusion capacity corrected for alveolar volume (median, 48% vs 58%, P =.05) and a higher preoperative composite physiological index (median, 44 vs 33, P =.008). None of the preoperative lung function parameters or operative finding were predictors of late death. CONCLUSION: Patients with pulmonary fibrosis undergoing pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality, but an important subgroup has a good long-term outcome. Postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with low preoperative gas transfer and a high composite physiological index. Resection of non-small cell lung cancer is appropriate in pulmonary fibrosis, provided that the level of functional impairment is carefully factored into patient selection.     

Characteristics of Tumor Extension Requiring Bronchoplasty and Pneumonectomy in Patients with Lung Cancer and Positive Bronchoscopic Findings

Purpose The characteristics of tumor extension determine whether pneumonectomy or lobectomy with bronchoplasty should be performed for central lung cancer. We investigated how the characteristics of tumor extension determined the operative methods and the surgical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 151 patients with positive bronchoscopic findings who underwent lung cancer operations between January 1995 and March 2002. Twenty-five patients underwent pneumonectomy, 88 underwent lobectomy/segmentectomy (Lob/Seg), and 38 underwent Lob/Seg with bronchoplasty. Results Pathologic staging was higher in the pneumonectomy group than in the Lob/Seg groups, with or without bronchoplasty (P = 0.002). Interlobar extension and hilar lymph node involvement were more frequent, and mucosal invasion was less frequent, in the pneumonectomy group than in the Lob/Seg with bronchoplasty group. The frequencies of all specific pulmonary complications and 30-day mortality were similar among the three groups. The 5-year overall survival rates were 23.7%, 51.5%, and 72.8% for the pneumonectomy, Lob/Seg, and Lob/Seg with bronchoplasty groups, respectively (P = 0.0004). There was a significant difference in survival between patients with mucosal and those with submucosal types of lung cancer (P = 0.0114). Conclusions Lob/Seg with bronchoplasty was feasible without a higher risk of operative complications or poorer long-term survival. The nature of tumor extension was important in the selection of operative methods and in predicting survival.     

Can pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer be avoided? An audit of parenchymal sparing lung surgery.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer resection rates are suboptimal in the UK. Pneumonectomy has a higher perioperative mortality risk than lobectomy. To increase resection rates and improve outcomes we have implemented a policy of parenchymal sparing surgery for tumours involving a main stem bronchus. METHODS: In a prospective 4 year study of 119 consecutive patients operated upon by a single surgeon the perioperative course, pathology and survival were compared for 81 patients undergoing pneumonectomy and 38 patients in whom pneumonectomy was avoided by bronchoplastic+/-angioplastic procedures. RESULTS: The rate of pneumonectomy decreased significantly with increasing experience with parenchymal sparing surgery (R(2)=0.98, P<0.001) with 21 of the last 30 patients (70%) avoiding pneumonectomy. There were no significant inter-group differences in patient characteristics, perioperative course or outcome. One-year survival was 64% after pneumonectomy and 73% after sleeve lobectomy. However the perioperative loss of respiratory function was significantly lower in the patients in whom pneumonectomy was avoided (P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonectomy can be avoided in a large proportion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer of a main stem bronchus without adversely affecting outcome but with preservation of lung function     

Sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic cancers: factors affecting survival

BACKGROUND: Sleeve lobectomy is a parenchyma-sparing procedure that is particularly valuable in patients with cardiac or pulmonary contraindications to pneumonectomy. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic cancer and to investigate factors associated with long-term survival. METHODS: Between January 1981 and June 2001, 169 patients underwent sleeve lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 139) or carcinoid tumor (n = 30), including 61 with a preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy. Mean age was 59 +/- 14 years (range, 19 to 82 years). Vascular sleeve resection was performed in 11 patients. The remaining bronchial stump contained microscopic disease in 7 patients. RESULTS: Major bronchial anastomotic complications occurred in 6 (3.6%) patients: one was fatal postoperatively, three required reoperation, and two were managed conservatively. In the non-small-cell lung cancer group, operative mortality was 2.9% (4 of 139), and overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 52% and 28%, respectively. Six patients experienced local recurrence after complete resection. By multivariate analysis, two factors significantly and independently influenced survival: nodal status (N0 or N1 versus N2; p = 0.01) and microscopic invasion of the bronchial stump (p = 0.02). In the carcinoid tumor group, there were no operative deaths, and overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 100% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sleeve lobectomy achieves local tumor control and is associated with low mortality and bronchial anastomotic complication rates. Long-term survival is excellent for carcinoid tumors. For patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, N2 disease or incomplete resection is associated with a worse prognosis; outcome is not affected by presence of a preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy.     

Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Sleeve lobectomy is a procedure in which the involved lobe with part of the main stembronchus is removed. The remaining lobe (s) is reimplanted on the main stembronchus. This procedure is indicated for central tumors of the lung as an altemative to pneumonectomy. It is the aim of this study to describe the technique of sleeve lobectomy and to analyse the early postoperative results and late results (survival-recurrence) after sleeve lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Material and methods: Between 1985 and 1999, 77 sleeve lobectomies for bronchogenic carcinoma were performed at the University hospitals Leuven. The most common performed sleeve lobectomy is the right upper lobe sleeve lobectomy (67,5%). In 6 patients a combined sleeve resection of the pulmonary artery was performed. The operative mortality was 3,9%. Two patients developed a broncho-pleural fistula. The five-year survival rate was 45,6%. In 5 patients, an anastomotic suture developed which required a completion pneumonectomy in 2. Thirteen patients developed local tumor recurrence.

Conclusion: We conclude that sleeve lobectomy can be performed with an acceptable mortality and morbidity. Long term survival rate and recurrence rate are as good as after pneumonectomy. The operative mortality is lower when compared to pneumonectomy, exercise tolerance and quality of life are much better after sleeve lobectomy compared to pneumonectomy. For central tumours we believe that sleeve resection is the procedure of choice.     

肺癌心包内处理血管的全肺切除手术59例

目的 探讨心包内处理血管的全肺切除术在提高肺癌手术疗效中的作用。方法 对59例肺癌病人行心包内处理血管的全肺切除术,此术式占同期全肺切除术41.8%(59/141例）。结果 手术死亡2例（3.4%),主要并发症13.6%.1、3、5年生存率分别为：86.0%(49/57例）,31.6%(18/57例）和26.3%(15/57例）。3例小细胞肺癌无1例生存逾3年。死亡率和并发症发生率与标准全肺切除术相比差异无显著性,预后与标准全肺切除术亦相近。结论 心包内处理血管的全肺切除是安全的,可提高肺癌切除率,改善生活质量,提高5年生存率。在临床上有应用价值。     

Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxemia usually occurs after thoracotomy, and respiratory failure represents a major complication. METHODS: To define predictive factors of postoperative hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation (MV), we prospectively studied 48 patients who had undergone lung resection. Preoperative data included, age, lung volume, force expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), predictive postoperative FEV1 (FEV1ppo), blood gases, diffusing capacity, and number of resected subsegments. RESULTS: On postoperative day 1 or 2, hypoxemia was assessed by measurement of PaO2 and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2) in 35 nonventilated patients breathing room air. The other patients (5 lobectomies, 9 pneumonectomies) required MV for pulmonary or nonpulmonary complications. Using simple and multiple regression analysis, the best predictors of postoperative hypoxemia were FEV1ppo (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) in lobectomy and tidal volume (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) in pneumonectomy. Using discriminant analysis, FEV1ppo in lobectomy and tidal volume in pneumonectomy were also considered as the best predictive factors of MV for pulmonary complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in lobectomy and impairment of preoperative breathing pattern in pneumonectomy are the main factors of respiratory failure after lung resection.